^^o" 




THE STORY 

OF A 

rHOUSAND 



Being- a history of the Service of the 
105 til Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the 
War for the Union from August 21, 
1862 to June 6, 1865. 

BY 



ALBION W. TOURGEE, LL. D. 

d 






^^■^ 



BUFFALO : 

S. MCGERALD & SON. 

1896. 



Copyright 1895 

By Albion W. Tourgee. 

All rights reserved. 



S- 



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PREFACE. 

The Story of a Thousand is intended to be what 
the name imports, a storj' of the service of the 105th 
Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the "War of 
Rebellion, dealing with events of a general interest to 
all its members rather than with mere personal 
incident. While it is true, that personal incident may be 
of especial interest to the survivors, the general public and 
even our immediate descendants, are less concerned about 
such matters than the general character of the service. 
I have therefore, endeavored to restrict personal incident al- 
most entirely to illustrative events common to the exper- 
ience of all. 

Fortunately, perhaps^ the regiment whose history I 
was asked to write, was one in which personal adventure 
cut a remarkably small figure. In its whole histor}', there 
is hardly an instance of individual contact with an enemy. 
There are no startling experiences to relate, no deeds of 
special daring or hair-breadth escapes. Except Captain 
"Wallace's rush after an escaping spy on the 17th of No- 
vember, 1864, striking him with the hilt of his saber with 
such force as to break the guard and render his recapture 
eas}', there is hardly a case of individual conflict. One 
other officer was saved from a personal encounter 
with a confederate in the charge made at Chickamauga, 
by a shot from one of the men. But. as a rule, while 
all experienced man}- pleasant and unpleasant episodes, 
they were not of a character to be of general interest or 
importance. As my own individual recollections end with 
December 1863, I have endeavored, so far as possible, to 



PREFA CE. 

allow others to give in their own words, the personal ele- 
ment of the suliseqnent service. 

, In this, T have been greatl}' assisted by the journals of 
Comrades Parker, Warner, Saddler and Captain Mansfield. 
Also by extracts from the diaries of Captains Cumings and 
Wilcox and the remarkable series of letters, something- 
near a hundred in all, written during the service by Com- 
missary Sergeant Gribson to his wife. Lieutenant Forbis 
has given me the benefit of his recollections in regard to 
the experiences of our foragers and the religious ele- 
ment in the life of the regiment. Comrades Griste, Wm. 
O. Smith, Nesbitt, and many others have by correspon- 
dence and othei'wise rendered material service in the prep- 
aration of the work. To all I desire to express m}' hearty 
thanks. 

To the newspaper history of the regiment prepared by 
Comrade Chas K. Radclitl'c I am under great obligation for 
lightening many labors. B}' some slip of memory the 
biographical sketch accompanying his portrait all udes to 
him as having been captured with the forage-train, though he 
was not one of that detail. 

For the preparation of the Roster and Tables giving all 
the details of the service of each man with an accurac}', 
fullness and completeness, hardlj' ever attempted. I am 
under the greatest oljligation to Comrades Parker and May- 
nard, the two men whose personal knowledge was most 
extensive, perhaps, of the personnel of the regiment, who 
kindly gave of their time and labor to carry out the plan 
devised. I am. also, under especial obligation to Comrade 
Maynard, as Secretary- of the Survivors" Association of the 
regiment. 

I beg to acknowledge the great service which the "His- 
tor}' of the Seventj'-fifth Indiana,'' so long our brigade- 
companion, written by Rev. B. Flojxl, has been in the 
preparation of this work. 

Acknowledgment is especially due to Senator John P. 
Jones of Nevada for books and maps Avithout which the 



PREFACE. 

accomplishment of the work would have been well-nigh im- 
possible. Also, to the Adjutant-General of Ohio, who 
kindly placed the records of his office at my disposal and to 
Mr. Arthur R. Warren who copied the original muster rolls 
there on file for the correction of the Roster. Also to 
Major Stoddard Johnston, who was a member of the staff 
of Gi-eneral Braxton Bragg of the confederate army, for 
valuable suggestions touching the campaign in Kentucky. 

The Itinerary showing the location of the regiment dur- 
ing every day of its service, was made up from the journal 
of Comrade L. N. Parker, in some instances corrected and 
mademoi-e definite by comparison with the journal of Com. 
rade Joseph R. Warner. Both of these journals are well- 
worthy of being printed without note or comment, as interest- 
ing memorials of experience recorded at the time the events 
narrated occurred. The Itinerary is believed to be as correct 
as it can be made. 

One difficulty experienced in preparing the history of 
this regiment, has been a singular lack of reports of its 
movements and service. No reports are accessible, if they 
were made, of the part it took in the Tullahoma campaign, 
the Chickamauga campaign. Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta 
campaign, the March to the Sea or the campaign in the Caro- 
linas. Major Edwards is confident that he made a report of 
the Chickamauga engagement and it is bej'ond question that 
Col. Tolles must have made a report of Missionar}- Ridge; 
but it has been impossible to get sight of either. The for- 
mer was probably among papers lost-by the transfer of General 
Reynolds from the command of the division to the place of 
chief of staff to General Thomas. The excellent portrait of 
General Thomas, was loaned by Messrs Coates & Co. , of Phila- 
delphia, whose large engraving is no doubt the best portrait 
in existence of our old commander. The illustration -'The 
Bummers" is from that exquisite collection of war pictures 
entitled -'Bullet and Shell" by Major Williaius, illustrated by 
Edwin Forbes and published by Fords, Howard and Hulbert, 
New York. 



PREFACE. 

The maps of Perryville and the vicinity of Chatta- 
nooga, were re-drawn from the official charts, b}' Mr. Leon 
J. Robbins, the gifted son of Adjutant Robbins. The 
other ilhistrations not direct reproductions, and the illumin- 
ated initials are the gratuitous work of Miss Aimee Tourgee, 
the author's daughter, who also supervised the reproduction 
of photographs, many of which required to be re-touched 
before being available. 

It is possible that some ma}' be surprised at the 
absence of amusing narratives of personal experience more 
of less reliable, which so often form a considerable portion 
of such works. In explanation of this fact, I can only say 
that I carefully treasured up all such incidents reported to 
me l)y ray comrades and found so large a proportion of 
them had long since become stock-anecdotes of war litera- 
ture that they seemed likely to arouse a suspicion of plag- 
iarism. The truth is, that this mass of war anecdotes has 
grown so large that it is hard to designate just where the 
line of proprietorship runs; 1 have, therefore, been rather 
chary of their use, confining myself to some cases of un- 
questionable originality. Survivors will note that one un- 
pleasant incident has been wholl}' omitted. This was done 
from a conviction both that no good could result from its 
consideration and also because the person most affected b}" 
it, was, in some sense, the victim of a conspiracy not credit- 
able to those concerned in it. Moreover, as the record 
shows, he subsequenth' removed ihe imputation resting 
upon him b}' gallant service. 

It was the purpose of the author to give an account of 
the District Committee who had charge of recruiting in the 
XlXth Congressional District of Ohio. To secure the nec- 
essary data he addressed letters to parties in each of the 
counties asking them to procure photographs and such in- 
formation as was available regarding the memi)ers of said 
committee. For some reason quite inexplicable to him, 
there seemed to be but little interest in the matter. He was 
unable to secure anything like a full account of their 
woi'k and not wishing to pul)lish an imperfect one. 



PREFACE. 

the whole matter was omitted. The work of these 
vohmtar}' organizations ought not to be h)st siglit 
of in making up the history of that epoch, but a defective 
account would be sure to do injustice to all. 

The omission of any specific account of those who suf- 
fered in the southern prisons is due to two things. The 
writer exerted himself to the utmost in connection with 
Comrade L. Newton Parker to secure from each of the 
surviving prisoners of Andersonville, and other prisons, an 
account of their experience. Being himself, one of the three 
ofHcers of the regiment who had such experience, he did fdr 
a time, contemplate writing an account of the same. When 
he came to consider it more fully, however, he concluded that 
it would savor too much of the personal to be compatible 
with the general tone of the work. To do so would have 
required him to go into the whole question of the treatment 
of prisoners, which at this day, could be of little interest 
and no value. One thought in connection with it ma}' be 
ventured; the Union soldier who was held as a prisoner of 
war for any time has the consolation of knowing that by 
keeping a confederate of equal rank, out of the service, he was, 
on account of the disparity of numbers, doing even greater 
service to the Union cause than he would probably have 
done had he remained in his place. x\s to the treatment of 
Union prisoners, he regards the subject as one not profitable 
to be considered within such limits as could reasonabl}' 
1)6 allowed it in this work. 

The printing was done by Messrs. S. McGerald & Son of 
Buflalo, N. Y., under very embarrassing circumstances, in a 
manner which speaks for itself. 

The work has been delayed by sickness and the stress 
of financial conditions which have rendered its manufacture 
exceedingly difficult. The same would have been impossible 
but for the liberality of Colonel G-eorge T. Perkins. 

The writer undertook the work with diffidence ; he has 
spared no pains in its execution, and whatever its defects 
may be, he can only say it is the best that he was able to do. 
Mayville, N. Y., Dec. 1, 1895. THE AUTHOR. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER. PAGE. 

I. The Muster In 1 

II. The Cause of Strife 10 

III. Recruiting 20 

IV. The Rank and File 27 

V. The Sword Bearers 36 

VI. The Theater of War 45 

VII. On Southern Soil 59 

VIII. The Hell-March 65 

IX. The School of Double-duty 96 

X. The Baptism of Fire 108 

XI. Between the Acts 137 

XII. A Stirring Winter 154 

XIII. A Midwinter Campaign 163 

XIV. Gobbled 175 

XV. Milton 187 

XVI. A Midsummer Jaunt 197 

XVII. A Wasted Opportunity 205 

XVIII. A Tumultuous Sabbath 222 

XIX. The Ebb of Battle 234 

XX. The Siege of Chattanooga 242 

XXI. Battle of Lookout Mountain 270 

XXII. Battle of Missionary Ridge 279 

XXIII. After Missionary Ridge 290 

XXIV. The Battle Summer 299 

XXV. In Pursuit of Hood 319 

-- XXVI. '-From Atlanta to the Sea" 332 

►' XXVII. The Guidons Point Northward 347 

XXVIII. Our Foragers 353 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 

XXIX. The End of Strife 368 

XXX. The Homestretch 377 

XXXI. Religious Character 385 

XXXII. Thirty Years After 393 

ItineraiT 307 

APPENDIX. 

I. Report of Colonel Albert S. Hall i. 

II. Concerning Cannon Captured iii. 

III. Extract from the Report of Major-Generil 

Absalom Baird on the Atlanta Campaign... v. 
IT. Extract from the Report of Col. Gleason on the 

Atlanta Campaign vi. 

T. CojDy of Discharge from Naval Service vii. 

VI. Farewell Order of General Sherman vii. 

VII. Biographical Sketch, Wm. O. Smith viii. 

Viii. Explanation of Roster and Tables ix. 

Roster and Tables xi. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

PAGE. 

Albert S. Hall 3 

Jerry Whetstone, Co. H 8 

Col. William R . Tolles 11 

Col. George T. Perkins 15 

Maj. Charles G. Edwards 21 

Capt. Greorge L. Riker 28 

Corp. Wm. 0. Smith, Co. K 34 

Capt. Alfred G. Wilcox 37 

Corp. Luman G. Griste 39 

Private C. K. Radcliffe, Co. F 41 

Marshall W. Wright, R. Q. M 46 

Sergt Joseph R . Warner, Co. G 60 

William J. Gibson, Com. Sergt 62 

Corp. Robt. A. Rowlee, Co. C 68 

Sergt. John F. Humistou, Co. E 71 

Coip. Bliss Morse, Co. D 86 

The Quartermaster 1 03 

Lieut. H. H. Cumings, 1863 121 

Adjt. A. M. Robbins 125 

Capt. L. Dwight Kee 128 

Capt. H. H. Cumings 138 

Corp. N. L. Gage 144 

H. E. Paine, Musician 147 

"A Veteran" 154 

Capt. Riker, 1863 159 

Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds 161 

Lieut. Henrj" Adams 165 

Capt. Ephraim Kee 168 

Lieut. Albert Dickerman 171 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Capt. Bj^ron W. Canfield 178 

Lieut. Alonzo Chubb 182 

Sergt. L. N. Parker, 1863 187 

Comrade L. Newton Parker 190 

Surgeon John Turnbull 198 

Capt. Andrew D. Braden 200 

M. L. Maynard, Mus 201 

" Soldiers Three ■' 208 

Gen. George H. Thomas 212 

Col. Edward A. King 214 

Capt. E. Abbott Spaulding 219 

Sergt. Benj. T. Cushing 224 

Sergt. E. J. Clapp 230 

Capt. J. C. Hartzell 236 

E.R. Cowles 240 

Capt. Horatio M. Smith 243 

Lieut. Alden F. Brooks 247 

Lieut. Norman D. Smith 250 

Lieut. Ira F. Mansfield 252 

Sergt. J. R. Warner, 1890 265 

Capt. Wallace, 1863 270 

Capt. William Wallace, 1894 271 

Capt. D. B. Stambaugh 273 

On the Crest of Lookout 279 

Major-Gen. Absalom Baird 281 

Col. William R. Tolles 283 

Sergt. E. Patchin 286 

Sergt. George D.Elder 292 

Capt. A. C. Mason 300 

Sergt. J. A. McNaughton 303 

Lieut. James Crays 311 

Corp. Joseph W. Torrence 321 

Lieut. W. H. Castle 328 

Capt. R. G. Morgaridge 349 

Sergt. M. A. Teachout 351 

Lieut. William H. Forbis 354 

"The Bummers" 360 



LI6T OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Corp. W. K. Mead 371 

Corp. Michael E. Hess 374 

'' The Honorary Secretarj- " 380 

Monument of the 105th 0. V. 1 382 

Lieut. Charles A. Brigden 387 

Corp. John McNaughton 390 

Capt. Braden 393 

Twenty Years After 394 

Albion W. Tourgee 395 

Col. George T. Perkins, 1863 397 

Adjt. Albert Dickerman, 1863 397 



LIST OF AIAPS. 

Battle of Perryville, Ky Page 122 

Battle of Milton, Tenn Page 188 

Chattanooga and Vicinity Between pages 202 and 203 

The Atlanta Campaign Page 306 



RECORD OF SERVICE. 

Perryville, October 8, 18(52. 
Milton, March 20, 1862. 
Hoover's Gap, June 24, 1863. 
Chickamauga, September 19 — 20, 1863. 
Siege of Chattanooga, September 23 — November 
25, 1863. 

Missionary Kidge, November 25, 1863. 

Resaca, May 14— 15, 1864. 

Kenesaw Mountain, June 27, 1864. 

Siege of Atlanta, July — August 1864. 

Peach Tree Creek, July 20, 1864. 

Ezra Church, July 27, 1864. 

Jonesborough, September 1, 1864. 

Pursuit of Hood, October 1864. 

March to the Sea, November — December 1864. 

Campaign in the Carolinas, February-March 1865. 

Johnstons Surrender, April 26, 1865. 



^ 



THE 5T0RY OF A THOUSAND. 




THK MUSTKH IN. 

" The bayonets were a thousand, 

And the swords were thirty-seven, 
When we took the oath of service, 

With our right-hands raised to Heaven." 

T was the twentj'-first day of August, 
1862, when our story opens. On 
that day the Thousand became a 
unit. The scene is a neglected 
common near the cit}' of Cleve- 
hmd in the State of Ohio. It is 
called University Heights now — 
then, it was officially known as 
"Camp Taylor." Its surroundings were squalid. Pigs 
and thistles abounded. A dozen or two long, low build- 
ings, a guard line and a flagstaff constituted the camp. 
The buildings were one-story affairs, made of rough hem- 
lock ; for the most part, they were sixty feet in length and 
twenty in width. On each side were rows of bunks, six feet 
long by three and one-half feet wide, with an eight-inch 
board running along the front to keep the occupants from 
rolling out. They were quaint-looking troughs, filled witli 
nothing, save air and splinters ; but they were new and 
clean and sweet, those we occupied, at least — with the 
breath of the forest and the dust of the sawmill about 
them. The amber of the riven hemlock oozed out and 



2 THE STORY OF A Til US AM). 

trickled down in sticky streaks as the hot summer sun beat 
upon the yellow roofs and sides. 

It is ten o'clock. The sun glares fiercely down, though 
there is a breeze from the north that keeps the flag upon 
the high mast, near the entrance of the camp, softly wav- 
inir its lirisfht benison above its crude surroundinus. Oli 
beautiful banner ! what desert doth it not make bright ! 
How many have its gleaming folds lured on to death ! How 
often glazing orbs have turned lovingly up to it their last 
glance ! 

The fifes and drums have ceased to sound. The parade 
is formed — after a fashion. Two straggling, uncertain lines 
of unarmed, l)lue-clad men stretch across the uneven field ; 
a group of musicians, with a few fifes and drums, are in 
their places on the right ; the men stand at parade rest, 
with hands clasped loosely before them ; the sun beats hot 
on the glowing napes, which the military caps, just donned 
foi" the first time, have left unprotected — the sweat-drops 
creep down hot, flushed faces ; many an eye wanders long- 
ingly to the blue, sparkling waves of Lake Erie, of which 
one might catch a distant glimpse. 

A man in the uniform of a captain of the United States 
Army and one in the uniform of a colonel of Volunteers 
pass along the line, halting here and there, while a clerk 
calls the names of each company and checks the same upon 
the rolls, which are carried by an orderly. There are fre- 
quent discussions, in which the company's officers take 
part. Men are shifted from one company to another, until 
finally all are in their proper places. There is about the 
line that uneasiness and uncertainty of pose which marks 
the untrained soldier, and that general looseness of forma- 
tion which is inseparable from a parade without arms. 

When the required changes have been made, the man in 
the uniform of the Regular Army takes his place in front 
of the center of the line ; behind him, his clerk and or- 
derly, and beside him the man in a colonel's uniform. 

" Attention ! " 



THE MUSTER-IN. 




Albert S. Hall. 

Albeut S. Hall, the first and only man commi.'ssioned and mustered as 
colonel of the 105th regiment of Ohio Volunteers, was born in Charleston, 
Portage county, Ohio, in 1830. of which town his grandfather was one of the 
Hrst settlers. He was educated in the district schools of that county and at 
Geauga Seminary, Chester, Ohio, supporting himself by teaching. He studied 
law and was admitted to the bar in 1853. and located in Jefferson. Ashtabula 
county. In ia53 he was chosen prosecuting attorney of said county and agaia 
in 1 air. In 1859 he removed to Minneapolis, Minnesota, but returned to his 
native State in 1860. and settled in W^arren, Trumbull county. Upon the call 
for volunteers in April, 1861, he began to raise a company, and early in June 
was mustered in as captain of Company F of the 20th O. V. L The regimoni 



4 thf: story of a thousand. 

The long, blue line sways and rustles as the men 
straighten themselves into a more or less correct position, 
take touch of elbows, glance right and left to secure a bet- 
ter alignment, and wonderingly gaze to the front to see what 
will happen nest. A group of spectators, among whom ai-e 
a few ladies, who carry parasols, stand in front of the right 
wing. They are evidently interested in what is going on. 
8ome of them intercept the mustering officer's view of that 
part of the line ; he orders them back, but the group is a 
considerable one and do not understand what is wanted of 
them. ■ An orderly is sent to repeat the command and see 
that it is obeyed. The crowd fall back willingly but won- 
deringly. Then the officer explains that, when the com- 
mand is given, each one whose name has been called — 
officers and men alike — will take off his cap with the left 
hand and holding up his right one, with the open palm to 
the front, repeat after him the oath of service. Then came 
the command: 

>' Hats oft!" 



left Camp Chase on July 26, 1861. The first engagement was the battle of 
Cheat Mountain, W. Va. Captain Hall served through that campaign, and on 
the i;oth of December, 1861, was commissioned major. His regiment was 
transferred to the Army of the Mississippi and was engaged in the battle of 
Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. Near the close of the second day's fight, being 
then in command of hi.s regiment, he received a gunshot wound some two 
inches above the eyebrow. The wound was a severe one, and before he was 
able to rejoin his regiment again, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and 
on the 12th of June following, appointed colonel of the 10.5th. After the battle 
of Perryville, he was for eight days in command of the Tenth Division of the 
Army of Ohio, being the senior oftlcer of the division after that disastrous 
fight \intil General C. C. Gilbert was assigned to its command. After that 
time, he commanded the Thirty-third Brigade until the organization of tht^ 
Army of the Cumberland, November 30, 1862. After this, he continued in the 
■command of the same brigade then known as the Second Brigade, Fifth 
Division Hth Army Corps, until his death. He was in independent command 
• on several raids and at the battle of Milton, Tennessee, where he repuLsed the. 
Confederate General John H. Morgan in command of superior numbers, with 
great loss. He was attacked with typhoid fever, about the 20th of June. 1863, 
complicated with the effects of his old wound, of which he died on the 10th of 
July succeeding, at Murfreesborough, Tennessee. His son, the Hon. Charles 
L,. Hall, is at present (1895), a Judge of the District Court of Nebraska. 
Colonel Hall was an officer of untiring energy, a strict disciplinarian, and had 
ihis life been spared would no doubt have achieved very high distinction in 
the service. The above engraving is from a crayon portrait by Lieutenant 
Alden F. IJrooks, now a distinguished artist of Chicago. 



THE MUSTER- IN. 5 

There is a scuffling in the ranks, each one hxjking to 
see if his neighbor has obeyed. A good many take otl" the 
cap with right hand and liave to shift it to the left. The 
crowd titters at the many mistakes. 

" Hands up ! " 

Some raise tiie right liand and some the left. The 
officers look around and correct mistakes. Near the middle 
of the line an intensely red head shows nigh a foot above 
the line of other heads on either side, and a red-bearded 
face looks calmly over the head of the officer, whose station 
is directly in his front. 

" Steady ! "' commands the Regular Army officer, run- 
ning his eye sharply along the wavering, ill-dressed line. 

"Get down!" he says, as his eye reaches the red 
head that overtops its neighbors. The red face turns one 
way and the other in wondering search of what has awak- 
ened the officer's displea&Jire. All the other faces in the 
line turn also. 

" You man in the Fifth Companv there, with the red 
beard, get down off that stump ! ' 

A titter runs along the line. Everyone knows what 
has happened. A shout goes up from the spectators. 
Some of the officers laugh. The Colonel steps forward and 
says something in an undertone to the mustering officer. 
The officer looks foolish. The red-bearded face ducks a 
few inches nearer the line of heads about it. The face is 
redder than ever. It was not Jerry Whetstone's fault that 
his comrades only came up to his shoulder. Yet. manv 
thousand times on the march and in the camp — before he 
marches up the Avenue, in the grand review, with his un- 
erring rifle all out of line with the pieces of the little squad 
which are all that remains of the company — will the great, 
good-natured giant be exhorted to >' Get off that stump ! " 
And not once will the injunction fail to raise a laugh, no 
matter how weary those may be who hear it. 



•6 THE STORY OF A THOUSANB. 

When the merriment has subsided, the officer directs 
that ull repeat with him the oath of service, each giviuo- 
his own name when the officer should repeat his : 

"I, James R. Paxton,' — 

A wave of confused murmurs rose from the long lines, 

" — Do solemnly swear," — continued the officer. 

The response was heavier and more uniform than 
before. 

" — That I will bear true faith and allegiance — "' 

Firm and full came the thousand-fold echo. 

•" — To the United States of America — "" 

An exultant shout went up. 

•• That I will serve them honestly and faithfully — "' 

How earnest the solemn pledge! 

'• Against all their enemies, whomsoever — "' 

How soon was trial of their sincerity to be made! 

•'That I will obey the orders of the President of the 
United States — " 

What greater privilege could await one! 

•' And of the officers appointed over me — '" 

Obedience is a soldier's duty! 

" — According to the Rules and Articles of War! " 

What did they include? No matter! 

There was a brief pause and the mustering officer 
added — 

'• So help me God! '" 

A solemn reverent murmur came in response. 

Then the officer said, with that mixture of smartness 
and dignity with which a well-disciplined man performs an 
important routine act: 

'• — By authority vested in me, I, James R. Paxton, 
Captain of the Fifteenth lufantr}' and Mustering Officer of 
the Department of Ohio, do hereby declare the officers and 
men of the 105th Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry 
duly mustered into the service of the United States, to 
serve for the period of three years or during the war, 
unless sooner discharged! " 



THE MUSTER-rX. 7 

Hardly had the words escaped his lips when the drums 
rolled, the spectators cheered; the flag was dipped upon 
the mast; the oue gun beside the gate flred a clamorous 
salute; caps were swung in air, and with the oath of ser- 
vice fresh on their lips, and their right hands 3'et uplifted, 
the newly-constituted regiment cheered — itself ! It must 
have been itself, since there was nothing else for them to 
cheer. The sun shone on the bared heads; men clasped 
each other's hands in earnest gratulation, and there was 
a hint of tears upon many glistening lids! 

The colonel, who had hitherto stood beside the mus- 
tering officer, now took two steps forward, drew his sword 
from its sheath, brought it smartly to the shoulder, and 
with a voice rarely excelled for smoothness and evenness 
of tone, and perhaps unequalled in the whole army for dis- 
tinctness and carrying power, commanded: 

•• Atten — tion! One Hundred and Fifth — Ohio! '" 

Was it admiration for the soldierly figure, so strik- 
ingly resembling in form and feature the portraits of the 
great Napoleon, the thrill of that marvellous voice they 
were to hear so often when other voices were unable to 
pierce the din of strife, or the exquisite modulation which 
even in command complimented those who stood before 
him on their newly assumed character, that so quickly 
hushed the turmoil? An hour before they had been merely 
a thousand men; now they were "The One Hundred and 
Fifth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry.'" and a part 
of that Grand Army which Liberty threw across the path 
of secession, slavery and revolt which threatened the 
nations life. All this and more, was conveyed by subtle 
intonation in the colonels first command. There was an 
instant's silence, after each man had restored his cap to its 
place and stifl'ened himself into the j)osition of the soldier. 
Then there was another spontaneous outburst. This time 
it was the colonel who was cheered. He acknowledged it 
with a salute, and then commanded sharply and sternly: 

•' Attention — -to orders! '' 



THE STORY OF A TJIOi'SANI). 



A smart young orticer who had stood u little to the 
rem- of the Colonel, stepped briskly iiround him, advanced 
to a position midway between him and the Hues and drew 
a package of papers from uis belt. At the same time the 
Colonel commanded " Parade Rest! " The Adjutant read 
an order, announcing that "Albert S. Hall, having been 
appointed Colonel of the 105th Regiment Ohio Volunteer 

Infantry, hereby assumes com- 
mand of the same. ■' Then 
he read another order, aunounc- 
iag the field and stalf, and the 
assignment of line oHicers to the 
various companies of said regi- 
ment. 

All listened intently to this, 
the first official promulgation 
of a military order, that most 
of them ever heard. 

When the organization was 
completed, another order was 
read that sent a thrill of won- 
dering surprise through every 
one who heard it. 

It was a telegram from the 
Cumberland. Governor: 

"Colonel Albert S. Hall, 105th O. \. I. 

The enemy have invaded Kentuck}'. You will report 
with your regiment to Major-General H. G. Wright, com- 
manding Department of Ohio, at Cincinnati, without an 
instant's delay. Camp and garrison equipage will be for- 
warded to meet you there. p^^^j, rj,^^ Governor. • 

It was high noon when the ranks were broken. Sixty 
minutes afterwards, the regiment was on the march to the 
depot, and two hours later, was being whirled avvay to the 
theater of war. 

It takes one's Ijreath away, in these days of peace, 
when the soldier is recalled only as a pensioner, who is 




Jerry Whetstone, Co. H. 

Six feet seven inches in height" 
The tallest man in the army of the 



THE MUSTER- IN. 9 

counted ;i thankless burden to the government, to think 
that men were hurried forward, unarmed, without an 
hours instruction in their new duties, to be placed across 
the path of a victorious enemy. But nothing seemed sur- 
prising then, and if any were inclined to murmur, an 
instinctive sense of duty overbore their discontent. Yet 
if ever a soldier has a right to complain when once the 
oath of service has passed his lips, these men surely had. 
It was but eight days since the first of them had left their 
homes; but forty-six of their number had ever seen an 
iiour's service; hardly half of the companies had had more 
than three or four hours of drill, and one of them, at 
least, only one hour! But nothing was strange in those 
days of miracle and self-forgetfulness! If there was any 
disposition to complain it was voiced only when they found 
themselves blamed for lacking the discipline they were 
given no opportunity to acquire. 



II. 



THK CAUSE OK STRIFE. 

" 'Tis the motive enfiime.s, nut the beggarly pri/.e, 
The spirit that lives, the base guerdon that dies." 

HE cutises from which events 
result are often of greater con- 
sequence than the events them- 
selves. Nations and peoples, 
like individuals, act always from 
motives; and collective motives, 
like personal ones, may be either 
good or bad. Peoples differ 
from individuals, however, in 
one thing, — they are always sin- 
cere. They may desire a good 
thing or a bad one, but there is 
no question of bad faith in the 
demand for which men offer 
their lives upon the field of bat- 
tle. Words may be false; lead- 
ers may seek to deceive; but 
• what a people write in blood 
upon the page of history, is 
always true. 

It is because of this that the comparative importance 
of historical events depends very little upon their physical 
extent, but almost wholly upon the motives of the actors 
or the sentiment they represent. 

Only a few times was the conduct of the Tiiousand, 
considered of itself, of any special importance; only once 
was it pivotal of the issue of a great event. But why 

U) 




THE CAUSE OF STRIFE. 



11 




TOLLKS. 



WILLIAM RANSOM TOLLKS was bom m Watertown Ct., April 18^^ 
His D'lrents removed to Burton, Geauga County, O., while he ^va.•, a lad. He 
fame of s uX^^Jew England stocU, and after obtaining a common school 
duration, ^ee'arly engaged in business, and up to the -^breaU o he w^ 
«as active in the promotion of P-bUc and private enterprises m the counU ^ 
He was a merchant in Burton for many years. After the death of his wife a 
Jau^hter Tf Judge Hitchcock, he disposed of his business, being considerably 
SenTn heaU? and traveled through the South, as the agent of hrms doing 



12 THE IS TORY OF A THOUSAND. 

these men took the oath of service, what manner of men 
they were, and what controlling impulse they typified, 
tliese things are of deathless import, for on them the 
destiny of a nation liung and the character of a people s 
civilization depended. 



l)u.siness there, until just before the beginning of hostilities. He was greatly 
disturbed over the condition of affairs, especially regarding the general idea 
that the war would be one of short duration. He was one of the first to 
volunteer, and was made captain of Company P, 41st O. V. I. He participated 
\n all the operations of this regiment, and often expressed himself peculiarly 
grateful that his first experience of army life was under so strict and 
thorough a disciplinarian as its commander, Colonel, afterwards Major- 
General William B. Hazen. Promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 10.=sth, he 
carried to the performance of its duties a painstaking conscientiousness, 
which though at times, irksome, contributed not a little to the excellence of 
drill and discipline for which it was noted throughout its term of service. 

The command of the regiment was thrown upon him by the command of 
the Tenth Division being cast on Colonel Hall by the death of his superiors at 
the battle of Perry ville, on the 48th day of the regiment's service, and his 
continuance in command of the brigade thereafter. From that time until the 
middle of June, 1863, Colonel Tolles was in command of the regiment and was 
untiring in promoting its drill and discipline. He was unable to serve in the 
advance from Murfreesborough, but rejoined at Chattanooga, just in time for 
the battle of Missionary Ridge, which was the fitting climax of his military 
career. No nobler figure is to be found in that most spectacular of battles 
than this gallant soldier riding his black horse up that flame-swept slope, 
keeping his eye on his regiment and constantly directing its movements. 
His health constantly grew worse, and on January 29, 1864, the indomitable 
will was forced to relinquish the hope of farther service, and he resigned. 
After his health was somewhat regained, he removed to Locata, Mich., where 
he remained for several years, during which time he remarried. His health 
again failing he removed to the San Bernardino Valley, Cal., where he con- 
tinued to reside, highly honored and esteemed until his death, on December 
— , 1893. 

As an officer, he was an excellent disciplinarian and a splendid tactician. 
Somewhat irritable, somewhat hasty, and as a consequence, not always just, 
there was no one under his command who doubted his unselfish patriotism or 
his intense desire that the regiment should excel in every soldierly quality 
and achievement. As a man he was exquisitely sensitive, and no doubt often 
mistook the jests of his men, and so failed to appreciate the affection and 
esteem they had for him. 

There are those who will recall the fact that the personal relations 
between Colonel Tolles and Lieutenant Tourgee were not such as would seem 
consistent with the above estimate of his character. No doubt, his ill health 
had much to do with the prejudices which he entertained, which were in 
many cases, as he afterwards explained to the writer, strengthened by false 
reports from others. While it would be absurd to claim that the wrong is for- 
gotten, the writer can truly say that all sense of resentment has passed away 
!^.nd the estimate he gives of the character of Colonel Tolles, is that to which 
he believes him to have been act jally entitled. He had his faults but they 
were subordinate incidents rather than controlling elements of his character 



THE VAISE OF STRIFE. 13 

Where a Ijattle is fought and when ; wlio are the 
opposing commanders ; what strategic movements preceded 
it ; what tactical methods were employed ; how many of 
the contestants were slain; which army prevailed, and 
which was put to rout, — all these are in-significant details. 
Whether ten or ten thousaml lives were lost is of little 
consequence. In half a dozen years of growth and bloom, 
nature will have hidden all trace of the encounter. The 
rain will wash away the blood ; the grass will hide the 
bleached bones ; the trees will shadow the graves ; the 
waving grain will obliterate the track of charging squad- 
rons. In like manner, nature's recuperative power will 
soon fill up the gaps in the world's life. A decade, two 
decades at the farthest, and the most skillful statistician 
cannot trace anything of war's havoc in the tables of mor- 
tality. But why they fought; why men were mangled and 
slain ; why a thousand or a million men risked their 
lives in deadly strife ; which impulse prevailed and which 
was forced to yield, — these are questions of the utmost con- 
cern, for they may indicate the character of a people, and 
involve the destiny of unnumbered millions yet unborn. 
History, in the past, has concerned itself with aggregations 
and events. It has told us how 

"The King of France, with twice ten thousand men, 
Marched up the hill, — and then marched down again." 

The history of the future will be more concerned to 
know why the "twice ten thousand" followed the crowned 
braggart "up the hill," than in the reasons that inclined 
them to march "down again," — it will deal with causes 
rather than with events. 

A year and a half before the time of which we write, 
one of the most momentous events in history had occurred. 
The great American republic had suddenly fallen asunder. 
Almost in an instant, eleven states had formally declared 
the territory of each withdrawn from the control of the 
Federal union, and their people released from allegiance to 
the Government of the United States. Almost simultane- 



]4 THE STORY OF A THOU SAN J). 

ously witn the act of withdrawal, these states had, with 
equal formality, banded themselves together and formed 
what they called " The Confederate States of America." a 
new government composed of eleven contiguous states,, 
having the same boundaries, the same integral character,, 
and, in most cases, the same officials, as when they were 
constituent parts of the Federal union. In a hundred 
days from the time the first rift appeared, the revolution 
was complete. 

A territory nearly ecjual in extent to all Europe, out- 
side of the Empire of Russia, having a population of 
twelve million souls, had been cut out of the domain pre- 
viously claimed and occupied by the United States, and 
erected into a de facto government, complete in all its 
parts, without the firing of a gun or the shedding of a drop 
of blood! Only three forts upon its utmost borders still 
bore the flag of the Union! 

Of all the miracles of revolution, there have been none 
like it for boldness of conception, extent, completeness, 
rapidity of execution, and absolutely bloodless character. 
On the twentieth of December, 1860, South Carolina passed 
the ordinance of secession. On Februar}' 4, 1861, forty- 
five days afterwards, the Provisional Congress met, — six 
states were represented in it. On the eighth, a constitu- 
tion was adopted; on the ninth, a president was chosen; 
on the fourteenth, another state was added; on the eight- 
eenth, the president was inaugurated. Before the month 
was ended, the executive departments and an arm}' and 
navy were organized. Thus far, the tide of revolution had 
met with no resistance from within, and no movement of 
repression from without. 

How was such marvel made possible ? Volumes have 
been written in explanation. Yet, a few words will suffice 
to make it clear. 

There had grown up within the Union, two peoples. 
They called themselves "the North" and -'the South." 
The one believed that "all men were created equal and 



THE nAUSE OF STRrFK. 



1.-) 




('(•L. (rKOKliK T. PeKKIXS. 

Geokue Tod Perkins was born near the city of Akron, O., May 5, 1836 
on a farm afterwards occupied for some years by Jotin Brown, of Harper's 
Ferry fame. His parents; were Simon and Grace Tod Perkins His grand- 
father on the maternal side was the first Chief Justice of Ohio, and father of 
her great war governor, David Tod. On the paternal side his great-grand- 
father was a captain in the war of the Revolution, and his grandfather a 
brigadier-general in the war of 1813. He was educated in the public schools 
of Akron and at Marietta College. At the outbreak of the war he w^as 
engaged in the iron busine.ss at Youngs town, O., in company with his uncle, 
Hon. David Tod. soon afterwards elected governor. 

With such an ancestry it was inevitable that he should be among the first 
to respond to the call to arms, and it is characteristic of the man. the section 



1(5 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

endowed witli certuin inalienable rights, among which are 
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The other 
believed that such rights attached onl}' to white men, and 
that colored men were entitled only to such privileges as 
the white people of any particular state might see fit to 
confer upon them. One section was composed of what 
were termed free-states; the other of what were known as 
slave-states. Between them, slavery dug a deep, almost 
impassable gulf. The lines of interstate migration i-an 
chiefly from east to west. The South peopled the new 
states of the southwest; the North sent its sons and 
daughters to shape the sentiment of the northwest. Only 
the poor of the South fled into the free northwest, to 
escape the blight which slavery put upon the opportunity 



from which he came, and the spirit of the time, that a young man of inde- 
pendent means and influential connections, such as he possessed, should have 
enlisted as a private soldier in Company B 19th O. V. I., in the three months' 
service. The men of his company afterwards elected him its 2d lieutenant. 
He participated with his regiment in the West Virginia campaigns, under 
McClellan, the same being especially prominent in the battle of Rich Moun- 
tain. Mustered out at the end of the three months' service, he once more 
took up the routine of business. In 1862, upon the call for " three hundred 
thousand more," he laid down his pen; applied to his uncle, the Governor, 
for a commission, and was appointed major of the 105th. He served as such 
until the advance from Murfreesborough. in June, 1863, when the command 
of the regiment fell upon him by reason of Colonel ToUes' absence. He held 
it from that time until the regiment was mustered out. He was promot.d to 
lieutenant-colonel, to date from the death of Colonel Hall, July 10, 1863: to 
colonel, February 18, 1864, but not mustered because the regiment was below 
the minimum required for a full set of field officers. He was made brevet - 
lieutenant-colonel, March 13, 186.^, and was mustered out in command. He 
participated in nearly all its operations; was severely wounded at Chicka- 
mauga. and had three horses killed under him, one at Pcrryville, one at 
Chickamauga, and one on the New Hope Church line, near Big Shanty, Ga. 

As an officer he was quiet, unostentatious, and especially noted for his 
unremitting care for the health and comfort of those under his command. 
He married soon after the close of the war and settled in business in Akron, 
where he has remained ever since. He has been so successful a manufactui er 
and banker that he is now about to retire from business. He has one 
daughter and two grandchildren, without which he declares, "No home is 
well-furnished." Colonel Perkins is regarded with peculiar fondness by thr? 
survivors of his regiment, whose re-unions he always attends: but such is 
his modesty tnat few would imagine that he was its commanding officer for 
two years of active service. He has always been active in educational and 
municipal affairs. He is a member of the Ohio Commandery of the Loyal 
Legion. 



TJIh] VAi'SE OF STIilh'H. 17 

of the white laborer : ouly those vvlio looked lor special 
pecuniary advantage from speculation, skilled employment, 
or mechanical superintendence, went from the North to the 
South. In but thx-ee of the states of the North, was one- 
tentli of the population of soutliern birth in 1860; in not 
one of the Southern States was one-fiftieth of the popula- 
tion of northern birth. The two tides of life had flowed 
on from east to west, side by side, having one language, 
one religion, one name, but only mingling a little at the 
edges Po dissimilar were they, that one said, from his 
place in the Senate that year: "There are two hostile 
bodies on this floor, which are but types of the feeling 
that exists between the two sections. We are enemies as 
much as if we were hostile states. I believe the northern 
people hate the South worse than the English ever hated 
the French, and there is no love lost on the part of the 
South." 

The cleavage, which first showed in the establishment 
of the Confederacy, had long existed in the characters of 
the two peoples and the divergent institutions of the two 
sections. The laws, customs and institutions of the Nortli 
were shaped by freemen in the furnace-heat of free-thought 
and free-speech. The public-school was everwhere ; op- 
portunity was untrammeled. The institutions, laws and 
policy of the South were shaped by slave -owners to pro- 
mote the interests of the slave-holders ; the free-laborer 
was despised. Every official belonged to the slave-owning 
class ; free-schools were unknown ; free-speech was re- 
pressed by the law and the mob. To proclaim liberty was 
a crime in half the states of the republic; to teach a slave 
to read or write, a felony. The North had come to hate 
slavery as a sin against Grod and a crime against man ; the 
South counted the right to enslave inherent in the white 
race, by Divine ordainment, and resented the feeling 
against it at the North as the result of envy and malice. 
They regarded the constitution as a compact between tiie 
States, specially intended for the preservation of tills insti- 



IS rilK i^TOllY (JF A THOUHAM). 

tutiou. The people of the North generally regarded it as 
an agreement between the people of the several States for 
tlie l)enefit of all the people. 

There were, also, two contllcting views of government 
which became potent factors in this miracle of seemingly 
peaceful dismemberment. One insisted that the Govern- 
ment of the United States was a nation established by the 
people, and having all the powers of self-preservation, con- 
trol of its citizens and defense of its territory, which are inci- 
dent to sovereignty. The other insisted that the United 
States were only a federation, a pact between the several 
states, each one of whicii remained sovereign and might at 
will withdraw from the Union ; and that allegiance to the 
state was paramount. The southern man regarded every 
effort to re-establish the power of the general government 
as not only a blow at the rights of his State, l)ut an invasion 
of her soil, as well as her sovereignty. The border Southern 
States still hesitated, more from fear of the consetiuences to 
themselves than from any lack of sympathy with the principle 
or purpose ot secession. The State-Sovereignty sentiment 
of the North and the dread that a people especially de- 
voted to the arts of peace had of intestine war, kept the 
North silent and the government passive. 

Neither section appreciated the qualities of the people 
of the other. The North thought the people of the South 
were mere braggarts ; the South thougiit those of the 
North were mercenary cowards. The one regarded the 
new government as a piece, of bravado, a mere bubble. 
intended to extort concessions. The other looked upon the 
apathy of the North as conclusive evidence that it would 
make no resistance to dismemberment. Thus, the two sec- 
tions, long before estranged and separated by tendencies 
which raised a more insuperalile barrier between them than 
^ea or mountain could offer, taunted and jeered each other, 
both unconscious of the t)loody destiny that la}' l)efore 
them. One counted it an immutable truth that all men 
had a right to be free, and regarded tlie other as an 



THE ilAUHK OA' STRIFK. 19 

aggressor iigMUist this universal liberty; the other believed 
the white iniin's right to enslave to be indisputable, and 
counted any imputation of this theory an invasion of in- 
dividual privilege and collective prerogative. So, two 
peoples, acknowledging two governments, regarded eacli 
other askance over an intervening belt known as the 
"border states," whose people were divided in sentiment, 
some clinging to the old and others welcoming the new. 

Thus the country stood vaguely expectant, when, on 
the twelfth day of April, ISGl, the guns of the new Govern- 
ment opened on the flag of the old which waved over Fort 
Sumter. Instantly, the shadows which had blinded the 
people of both sections were lifted. All saw the gulf 
which separated them. The North sprang to arms ; the 
South exulted in the opportunity that lay before it to teach 
its ancient enemy the lesson of its superiority. The border 
states hastened to declare their preference. Virginia, 
North Carolina and Tennessee went with the new Confed- 
eracy, making eleven states which acknowledged its su- 
premacy. Kentucky and Missouri remained with tlie old 
Thiion, formally, at least, Init it was with a divided senti- 
ment, which extended a hand to each of the opposing civ- 
ilizations. 

So the battle was joined between slavery and " state- 
^;overeignty" on one side, and liberty and nationality on the 
other. The conflict was between two peoples, one regard- 
ing the other as rebels, and esteemed, in turn, by them as 
invaders. Each, from its own point of view, was right ; 
each, from the other's point of view, was wrong. Precisely 
what " the fathers '■ meant by the words of the constitu- 
tion will never be definitely known. What an overruling 
providence intended, the outcome of strangely-ordered 
events leave us not in doubt. Which of these two con- 
trasted impulses was technically right in its construction 
of the instrument which both cited in support of their 
action, will ever be a mooted problem; which stood for 
justice, the rights of man and the better civilization, tlie 
future will not question. 



III. 



RECRUITING. 



OME idea of the times and 
the character of the people 
of that day, especially in the 
region from which the Thou- 
sand was drawn, can be given 
by a brief outline of the 
method b}' which enlistments 
were secured. Recruiting, up 
to that time, in the State of 
Ohio was under the charge of 
a committee appointed by the 
Governor, in each Congress- 
ional District, one man in 
each county.'- These men 
not only served without pay 
but often, perhaps always, 
at great personal sacrifice. 
They were usually men of 
mature years and decided 
character, Init without politi- 
cal or selfish ambition. These 
men. each acting in his own county, with such as he might 
associate with him. adopted a policy of procedure for the 
district, assigned the quotas to the different towns, recom- 
mended officers, and. in short, formed a volunteer council, 
which was one of the many instances of voluntary organ- 
ization to assist the government and supply the defects of 

*— A fuU account of the Military Committee of the !9th District of Ohio will 
be found in the Appendix. 

20 




RECRUITING. 



statuton' provisions, which that period so rich in examples 
of the strengtii and elticacy of the self-governing idea, can 
afford. 

Recrniting was effected V)v the officers tluis appctinted, 
throuirh personal solicitation and tiie holding of wli.it were 




Maj. Chas. G. Edwakds. 
rH4.Bi.ES G. EDWARDS was born at Sodus Point N. Y., May 11. 1^6. 
Rec-ivcd a good common school education: ^v-as employed as clerk m 
an importing house in New York City, in 1853; came to Youngstown, Ohio, m 
18W where he engaged in the drug business until the tiring on Fort Sumter 
in 1861 In April of that year he enlisted in Company B, 19th Ohio Infantry 
in the three months' service. In June, I8fi2. was commissioned Captain of 
Company A 10.Mh Ohio Volunteer Infantry: was wounded three times at 
Perryville Ky In May. 1863; was relieved of command of Company A and 
detailed as acting field officer: was commissioned major .luly 16. 1863. and 
lieutenant-colonel February 18. 1864. but not mustered because the regimen 
was below the limit entitling to a lull set of otticers. Was also brexettul 



22 THhJ STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

termed wiir-meetiugs, in connection with tlie county coiu- 
inittee and with the aid of prominent citizens in the vari- 
ous towns. No pecuniary inducements were then offered to 
secure enlistments, save the government bounty of one liuii- 
dred dollars for three years' service^ and the regular pay of 
thirteen dollars a month. To have appealed to the sense of 
personal advantage would have provoked only laughter. The 
farm-laborer was getting twice as much with board and all 
home comforts, as the soldier was offered to face the perils of 
war. Such a thing as treating or other convivial influence 
was almost wholly unknown as an element of the recruiting- 
service. Ver}^ few of the young men who recruited the 
Thousand, had any inclination if they had opportunity, 
to employ such influences. As a matter of fact, to have 
done so would have desti'oyed all hope of success, for no 
Western Reserve mother and ver\' few Western Reserve 
fathers would have permitted or encouraged their sons to 
entrust their lives to the control of an officer known to be 
;in lial)itual drinker. The writer recruited the larger part 
of Coinpan}' G, traveling from town to town, holding per- 
sonal interviews by day and public meetings usually at 
iijoht. In the month he was engaged in this service he 
lield more than forty public meetings. Not once was tiie 
(luestion of personal gain alluded to save in objection by 
some man who said he could not deprive his family of the 
earnings needful for their support. Well may they have 
demurred. Nearly a 3^ear afterwards, one of these men gave 
the writer thirty-six dollars, three months' pay — lacking 
three dollars which lie reserved for emergencies — ^and 



lieutenant-colonel U. S. V.. for "gallantry in the Atlanta campaign." He 
commanded the regiment after Colonel Perkins was wounded at Chicka- 
mauga. September 21, 1«63. until the return of Colonel Tolles on November 
•..'0, 1863. He was also in command of the regiment during the pursuit of Hood, 
OetoV)er and part of November, 186-1. He was continuously with the regiment 
except when absent from wounds, and was mustered out with it as major on 
June 3, 1S6.1, at Washiugton. D. C. He is an active and honored member of 
the Lioyal Legion, Minnesota Commandery. In 1870 he moved to Minnesota; 
has served four terms in the legislature as state senator ; was a delegate at 
large to the National Republican Convention held at Chicago, 1888. In 1889 
he was appointed Collector of Customs for the District of Minnesota. 



liKCRliriXd. 2:5 

asktMl Ut luive it expended Un- the henefit of his 
family. The three months' pay with tiie addition of one 
dollar and fifty cents, })ouo;ht one calico dress for the wife 
and one for each of two little girls; one barrel of flonr, 
fifty ponnds of sngar, one ham, three pounds of tea, a pair 
of shoes for each, and two cords of wood. 

This is a fair sample of the relation between the cost 
of living at that time and the soldier's wages. Few if 
any of the soldiers' families, in this region at least, suf- 
fered during the war. Men and women voluntarily taxed 
their own little surplus to provide for others who had less. 
Those who could give nothing else gave their time and 
labor. Wives, mothers and sweethearts who had little to 
spare looked out for other wives and mothers who had not 
enough. Tn all the land, there was a feeling of neighbor- 
ship which has never been equalled — a neighborship which 
showed how the strain of common peril draws a free people 
together. If the soldiers' families had l)een dependent on 
the soldiers' earnings, thousands would have starved. Yet 
our enemies termed us '• Lincoln's hirelings, " and today 
the children and grandchildren of those whom we endowed 
with the rich inheritance of a restored nationality and an 
undivided national domain, find pleasure and ofttimes profit, 
in denominating the Federal soldier of a third of :i . 
century ago, a '-mercenary." 

As illustrating the character and incentives of tiie 
men who enlisted in the lO.lth Ohio, the I'oHowing account 
of one of those -'war-meetings, " furnislied by a corre- 
spondent may be taken as a sample of man}'. The 
northern volunteers were mainly men who left their 
responsibilities, prospects and homes with extreme 
relivctance and only when they felt tiiat duty :iiid honor 
imperatively demanded the sacrifice. 

On the night of August 13, 18()2, a war-meeting was 
held in the little country village of Orwell, .Vshtabnla 
county, to endeavor to fill the quota of a dozen men or so 
apportioned to the township. The town had l)een fully rep- 



24 TIIK STOllY OF A THOUSAND. 

reseiuc'd ri'oin IIk' slurt in iietively engaged regiments ami 
hud come to realize something what war was. so that men 
who desired a closer acqnaintance with it had become very 
scarce. The bounty stage had not yet been reached, and 
if a few dollars was offered it was done with 
upologies to the recipient as --a little provision for 
unexpected expenses." .\ little later the public be- 
came more familiar with the idea in the light of an 
efiualization of burdens, which divested the ti'ansaction of 
some of the repugnance with which it was at this time 
regarded. 

The men who cared for military glory or adventure 
had had ample opportunity to gratify their longing. The 
excitable or impressible had all been gathered into the 
ranks and it was realized that every recruit would be 
secured with increasing difficulty. Extraordinary efforts 
were made to effect the object of the meeting. Elo- 
([uent speakers from a distance joined forces with officers 
resplendent in new uniforms who had been sent home to 
nrge enlistment. The line of argument or persuasion took 
the form of assurance that with the great accessions to the 
Northern armies now lieing made, the insurgent states 
would be quickly overwhelmed, " the shell of the Confed- 
eracy crushed, "' and after a few months at most, of a sort 
of picnic excursion, the "brave boys" would return covered 
with glory to their happy homes. The eloquence was all 
wasted. The meeting was a failure and about to adjourn 
with but a single recruit of doubtful availability, when 
Horatio M. Smith, a clerk in the village store, who had 
been a silent listener, arose in his place, and in a few brief 
sentences deprecated the mistaken policy of underrating 
the resources of the enemy and the perils of war, and thus 
unintentionally, no doubt, misleading men and especially 
boys who might rely more on what was told them than on 
what they knew, as to the necessity for more troops. He 
said, in effect, that he believed the war was only fairly 
begun; that if the colonies numbering but three millions 



UK<in ITL\<;. 2r) 

of inbiihittmts could maintain tor seven years a war 
against the mighty power of England in the height 
of her glory, the seceding states, numbering some 
ten millions of as bold and warlike a people as the 
earth produced, with four millions of slaves to work for 
them and keep their armies supplied, could not be over- 
come in a few months, if ever; that their people were under 
the domination of leaders who claimed and exercised the 
right to rob their neighbors, black, brown, yellow or white, 
of the fruits of their lal>or, of their wives, children, and 
even of their lives in the name of Christianity and civiliza- 
tion ; that the war meant not only restoration Oi the 
Union, but the extinction of that crowning infamy of the 
Republic, American slavery ; that the time had not 3'et 
come to abolish this relic of barbarism, but if the North 
was true to itself it soon would come; that the armies of 
the South were being augmented by conscription as fast 
or faster than ours by volunteering; that at any 
time they were likely to hurl an army across the 
borders of our own State and compel us to decide 
on our own soil the issues of the war, if we did not 
meet them and compel the question of armed secession to be 
decided on slave territory; that the men were certainly 
coming with guns in their hands and we must meet them 
on our feet or on our knees, must fight them and whip 
them or run away from them or submit to them, and must 
choose very quick which alternative we would take; that 
war was not recreation, but the most serious affair a man 
could engage in; that it meant trial and privation, cold, 
hunger, sickness, wounds, and often death; that anyone 
who thought this too high a price to pay for the security of 
mothers, wives, children, and home, should not enlist as a 
soldier; that he himself was ready to meet the issue at 
once in the only way brave men could meet it, and he 
hoped ten other men would go with him from Orwell that 
night to join the lOoth Ohio in wliich they li:id so many 
friends and relatives. 



2G TTIK STORV OF A THOUSAND. 

In as uuuiy minutes, ten white- facet I men li:ul 
walked up to the table and signed the paper which 
gave their services for three years or during the war to the 
defense of their country. 

Loving hands were busy in hurriedly packing into car- 
pet-bags a change of underclothing, a pair or two of stock- 
ings, a bottle of --Pain Killer.'' a little " housewife"' with 
needles and thread, a roll of bandage and some lint, and in 
every bag. wrapped in a shirt or handkerchief, a Testament 
or Bible. In an hour they were in wagons on the road to 
the camp at Cleveland, fifty miles distant, which was reached 
in the morning, Justin time to permit them to join the regi- 
ment of their choice. In a week they were on the way to 
the front; in little more than a month, they were 
veterans who had seen more war than many soldiers 
did in ^-ears. and few of them saw the homes they 
left so unexpectedlv that night until after three years 
of fighting and thousands of miles of marching, they 
returned, when the flag they loved floated in undisputed 
sovereignty over the whole land. But at what fearful 
cost ! Of those who made that journey from Orwell to 
Cleveland, liow man}' were laid to rest in graves far from 
the motliers who kissed their boyish cheeks for the last 
time tliat night. How many of those who returned missed 
the welcome of a voice that had been the dearest in the 
world ! 

This account has been condensed from a contem- 
poraneous narrative. How true a picture it was every one 
whose memory reaches back to that time can well avoucli. 
The meeting in Orwell is but a type of thousands held at 
that time, when pulses beat faster than ever before. 



IV. 



THE RANK AND FILE. 




HE men wLo took the oath of service 
oil that August day of 1862. were 
fresh from their shops and harvest - 
fields. A few of them enio3'ed the 
proud distinction of having seen ser- 
vice. The colonel had a scar upon his 
forehead, a reminiscence of the battle of 
Shiloh. The lieutenant-colonel had also 
won promotion fairly l)y a year's service 
as captain in another regiment. The 
major had been a lieutenant under the 
first call for troops, when it was 
hoped that ninety days would end the war, 
a hope he fervently shared; but, seeing it did not, he 
thought the time had come to go again. Four of the captains 
had records of previous service ; three in the war then going 
on and one in the war with Mexico. Six of the lieutenants 
were also what were then esteemed veterans. They had 
seen service, and some of them had seen the hot glare of 
battle. A few of the enlisted men had also responded to 
the three months' call. On account of this, they were 
mostly made orderly sergeants. For the rest, field, staff, 
and line, the whole rank and file, were raw products of the 
life of the Western Reserve. Two-thirds of them were 
farmers' sons, who, up to that time had been at school, at 
work upon their fathers' farms, or employed by the month 
by some neighbor preparatory to setting up for them- 



28 



THE STOh'V OF A THOUSAND. 



selves. Tliere was one lawyer and live law - students 
among tlieni; one minister, some dozens of clerks, two 
medical students, and a hundred or more teachers. Eighty- 
five per cent, of them were of native parentage. One-fifth 
of those of foreign birth who had missed the advantage 
of free-schools, signed the muster-roll with a cross. Onlv 




r.VPT. (tEORCJE L. RlKER. 

GEOKUE L. RiKEK Was born in Queens County, N. Y., October 11. 183ii. 
He attended the schools of New York City until he was seventeen, when he 
removed with his parents to Livingston County, N. Y., and in 1850 came with 
them to Painesville. Ohio. He was commissioned captain Company D 105th 
O. \'. I., with which he served until the Tall of 1864. He was wounded at the 
battle Of Perryville.Ky.aiid iifiain during the siege of Atlanta. In February. 
1H64. he was commissioned mijor. but not mustered, the regriment beiuK 
reduced below the minimum by casualties of service and not entitled to a 



TlIK RANK AJSn FILE. 20 

one who was native-born made his murk. 'I'iieie were no 
rich men in the regimeiil, proltahly but one wortii more 
than ten thousand dolhirs. and, perhaps, not half a dozen 
who could claim more than half that valuation. At the 
same time, there were no poor men among them. Every 
one was self-suj^poiting, or belonged to a family of sul>- 
stantial means, or engaged in profitable industry. Of 
those who worked for wages, the average monthly stipend 
was at least double the pay the soldier received. Of farm- 
laV)orers, the lowest rate reported by nearly two hundred 
survivors, was fourteen dollars a month and board, the 
recipient being a boy of seventeen. From that amount 
the wages of farm-laborers ranged up to twenty-five and 
thirty dollars a month. Clerks received from thirty to 
forty dollars and board; teachers from twenty-five to one 
hundred dollars a month. There were half a dozen col- 
lege-students, and more than a hundred students of tlu^ 
various academies in the region from which the regiment 
was drawn, enrolled in the diflf'erent companies. 

This region comprised the five easterly counties of the 
Western Reserve, the northeasterly counties of Ohio — Ash- 
tabula. Trumbull, Lake, Geauga, and Mahoning. In all of 
them there was not a town of more than one or two thou- 
sand inhabitants, and but one that laid (daim to the title of 
city. It was almost wholly a farming region. What manu- 
factures there were, were of a domestic sort, scattered here 
and there in the villages and at the cross-roads. Eight 
years before, a railroad had crept westward along the 
southern shore of Lake Erie. The Mahoning valley had 
but recently been tapped by a railroad from Cleveland, 
opening up its treasures of iron and coal. With tliese 



full quota of offlcers. He resigned in Sept(;mber, 18(54. haviiis^ paiticipau;ii 
in every battle and skirmish in which the regiment was engaged up to that 
date. After his return he engaged in mercantile pursuits. In 1879 he was 
appointed light-keeper, at Fairport. Ohio, which position he still holds. He 
has twice been elected mayor of the village and a member of the Board of 
Education for the same. He was engaged in a profitable manufaettiriug liusi- 
nevs when he entered the service. 



30 TJIK STOUT OF A THOUSAND. 

exceptions, there was not a mile of railway in the whole 
five counties. Many of those who came to take the oath 
of service had never seen a locomotive until ordered to 
report at the rendezvous. The Lake Shore road cut the 
northern tier of townships in two of the counties — Ash- 
tabula and Lake. The recruits from the south- 
erly towns eame in wagons along the level roads that 
stretched between fertile and prosperous farms, to the rail- 
way stations in their various counties. One of these 
squads had a rather quaint experience with an incorrigible 
gate-keeper on a plank road, who refused to let them pass 
without payment of the customary toll. Being soldiers in 
the service of the State, they refused to accede to his 
demand. 

There was a hot argument. The gatekeeper was 
obstinate ; the embryo soldiers indignant. The incident 
was characteristic of the time and the spirit of the people. 
The gatekeeper was bound to do his duty, the young men 
cared nothing for the trivial sum demanded, but thought it 
an insult to the service in which they were enlisted. There 
came near being a ruined tollhouse as the result: but some 
<me l>roke the lock of the gate, and the wagons drove on 
with shouts of derision for the gatekeeper, who was what 
was then termed a '• copperliead," and took this way to 
show his opposition to the war which was in progress. 

It will help to realize the ditt'erence between the people 
of the two sections, if we reflect that a Union man who had 
thus obstructed the march of Confederate soldiers to their 
rendezvous, would have been hanged as well as hooted. 
Even when exasperated, the northern man rarely lost his 
law-al)iding character. Violence was almost unknown to 
the communities from which these young soldiers came. 

During the months of July and August they liad been 
recruited at their homes, in the fields, and at meetings held 
in the various villages, })}• officers who had received appoint- 
ments, which were to be exchanged for commissions when 
a siifiicient mimber to constitute! the reijiment had been 



TJIK RANK AND FILM. rjl 

enlisted. Some, who hud l)een loiith to give tlieir names 
<luriug the harvest, now, that the crops were out of tlie 
way, felt free to enlist in what they termed the cause of 
•• Liberty and Union," in the hope that 1)}' such sacrifice the 
period of strife might be reduced. It was strange how 
they always spoke of '-Libert}' and Union," invariably 
putting the most important word first, showing conclusively 
that union was regarded by them chietiy as a means of 
establishing and securing liberty. 

There was. perhaps, less of a warlike spirit in the 
region whence the}' came, than in almost any other part of 
the country. Not a few of them were nopcombatants in 
principle; men who would have endured a buffet without 
returning a blow, and who hated war as the worst evil that 
could afflict any age or nation. But love of liberty had 
become the very life-blood of this people. Throughout 
the whole country the Western Reserve of Ohio was a 
synonym for intelligence and freedom of thought. When- 
ever the foot of the slave, fleeing from bondage, struck the 
white roads that led northward through its green fields and 
sheltering woods, he was in no danger of losing his way 
until he stood upon the shore of the blue waters of Lake 
Erie, and saw the signal flying that would bring into the 
offing some faithful captain, who would undertake to set 
him ashore somewhere in the Queen's dominions, where lib- 
erty was not a question of color. The}' had been reared to 
believe that "resistance to tyrants is duty to God, " and 
counted any force that deprived a man of his natural rights 
as tyranny; not less, but rather more to be condemned, 
when done by many than when it was the act of one. One 
of the counties from which this Thousand came, was the 
home of Benjamin F. Wade and Joshua R. Giddings, pre- 
eminent among the champions of liberty and justice in 
that day — "Benighted Ashtabula," as it was termed in 
mockery, and as it proclaimed itself in pride, having, as 
was claimed, the lowest rate of illiteracy of any county in 
the Union. 



32 THE STORV OF A THOUSAXD. 

The counties composing the famous Nineteenth Ohio 
Congressional district were those from which the Thousand 
was recruited. The battle of liberty had already been 
fought out in its homes and schools. A few pro-slavery 
men still lived, and scowled and snarled among them; but 
"free-speech, free-soil, free-men," had been the watchword 
of the great mass of its people long before it became the 
slogan of a party. 

Tlie Whig stronghold became a •• Free-Soil '" outpost, 
without changing its part}^ allegiance or its representative 
in Congress. When the House of Representatives expelled 
him for an affront to the slave-power, which then dom- 
inated the government, they returned him again with an 
increased majority, in token of their approval. So intense 
was the sympathy of its people with the cause of liberty, 
that it sent its sons in great companies to keep the plains 
of Kansas against the aggressions of slavery ; and "John 
Brown, of Ossawattamie, " located somewhere in its 
umbrageousness, one of those hiding-places, in the soli- 
tude of which he evolved the plans, absurd and impotent 
as they were, of what he deemed a divine mission, as no 
doubt it was — a mission predestined to failure, and which 
could only have succeeded through failure. Some of the 
Thousand remembered having seen this man, like his Master 
great in his hate of wrong and in loving self-sacrifice for 
the right: and like Him, too, in failure of His earthly 
effort and the fate which befell; but unlike Him in the 
means He emplo3'ed. Both were condemned b}' the law 
for proclaiming a truth greater than the law. The sunlight 
of the Master's stainless cross fell on the servants blood- 
stained gallows. Both showed the way to liberty; and 
they who went forth to battle for the freedom of the slave, 
sang of the Master : 

"As Hl- died to make men holy. 
Let us die to make men tree ; "' 

and of tile Martyr, who deserved death l)y tiie law, and 

like iliui, triumphed over the law: 

" His soul :.a>es marchinii un." 



TirK RANK AND FTLE. -{8 

Till' words ot" :i l)oy of iiiiK'teeii, who was one of tlie 
Tliousaiul. show the force of tliese influences with peculiar 
vividness. He writes : 

•• My first lively interest in the great question at issue 
between the North and the South was roused, I think, by a 
visit, to my father's house, of John Kagi, the right-hand 
man of old John Brown, of Kansas, who was killed, later, 
in the ill-advised Harper's Ferry undertaking. T had known 
young Kagi well, as an intimate friend of my brother, Ho- 
ratio, and a frequent visitor at our house, when I was a lad 
of ten or twelve, and he a young man of twent}' or twenty- 
one, just before he went to Kansas from his home in Bris- 
tol, 0. He was then a remarkably handsome youth — tall; 
slight, amiable, refined and in every way most attractive. 
He went to Kansas to teach school and seek his fortune. 
Perhaps a year before the Harper's Ferry alTair, he re- 
turned for a brief visit. A singular change had been 
wrought in his appearance and character. His laughing 
eyes had become cold, stern and watchful ; his mobile, 
smiling woman's mouth was set and hard ; his straight, 
black hair was streaked with gray and a white lock showed 
where a bullet had plowed his scalp. He had no thought 
or word for aught but the outrages of the pro-slaverj' men 
upon the free-state settlers in Kansas. He spent but a few 
days with his family, then hurried back to what he consid- 
ered his post of duty. I heard little more of him until his 
tragic death at Harpers Ferry. I was, however, so im- 
pressed with his earnestness and the thrilling recital of 
events in Kansas that it has always been difficult for me to 
regard the firing on Sumter as more than an episode in a 
war wliich had begun years before on the western plains. " 
So the lad who had listened to Kagi, with the brother, 
Horatio who was his friend, stood in the ranks of the 
Thousand, and became, finally. Captain Horatio M. Smith, 
the distinguished quartermaster, honored with the special 
confidence of Gleneral Thomas, and Corporal William O. 



34 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



Smith, who was t<j his ehler brother as was Benjamin of 
ohl to Josepli. 

Another, a mere lad, was one day riding with 
his fatiier along the road which skirts the southern 
shore of Lake Erie, when a steamer came close in-shore, 
loudly blew her whistle and lay tossing in the otfing. 

"See, my son," exclaimed the father, -'that boat has 
come to take off a fugitive slave ! That is the signal flying 
from the mast. I heard something about there being ' black 
birds' around, last Sunday, at church. If we hurry, we 
may see them go aboard." 

He brought the 
horses to a sharp trot 
around the point that 
lay beyond, and the 
wondering boy saw a 
colored man and a 
woman with a child in 
iier arms, clamber on 
board the steamer, 
which hoisted its boat 
quickh- up, and, with 
the echoing groans which 
marked the working of 
the old low-pressure en- 
gines, went on her way 
up the lake. 
ronv. \Vm. o. Smith, < u. K. * >• Thank God ! " 

said the fatiier, standing up in the wagon, reverently 
taking off his hat and raising his right hand. '-Tliank 
God, another family is rescued from the hell of slavery ! "" 
The son never knew whether it was by accident or de- 
sign that he was brought to witness this scene. It was a 
dangerous thing at that time, even on the Reserve, to give 
aid or comfort to an escaping fugitive. Nothing more was 
said ; but there is reason to believe that the stern-faceil 

*.See Appendix. 




THE RANK AND FILE. 35 

father knew the peril of the fnoitives, and if the boat had 
not arrived that day, he had arranged to take them, at lus 
own risk, in Ids wagon that niglit to ;i noted " station ' on 
the "underground railwa}', " just across the western line of 
Pennsylvania. The l)oy was one of the Thousand, also, 
with the lesson fresh in his memory. 



THF, SWORD- iSEARERS. 




ill Mi'iiiies ihere are two classes 
— couimissioiiecl ttfticers and en- 
listed men. The former carry 
swords and direct ; the latter 
constitute the fighting strength. 
The regiment is the unit of forcf 
w. in an army ; that is, it is the low- 
J^ est organization which is complete 
\^ within itself. The companies of a 
regiment have a certain organic 
relation to each other, and to the 
whole of which the}' are constitu- 
ent parts. The}' may he separated 
and detached, but they are still 
part of the organization, are car- 
ried on its rolls, and return to it at the expiration of their 
" detached service ; " with the regiment, it is not so. It 
may be taken from one brigade, attached to another or as- 
signed to a distinct service, having no farther relation to 
the organization or its brigade companions. 

The life of a regiment is that of a permanent com- 
munity composed of ten families. Each family has its 
own place and its own specific quality and character. This 
special character of the company may, in some instances, 
depend not a little upon the men, but it is necessarily deter- 
mined very much more by the quality and character of its 
officers. There is, perhaps, no relation in life in which tlir 



THE SWORD BEARERS. 'M 

character of one man is reflected so clearly in the lives of 
other men as that of the commander of a compan}'. in the 
soldierly quality of the enlisted men under his command. 
A colonel may impress his personality, to a certain extent, 
on all the companies of his regiment, but his influence 




Capt. Alfred (i. WiLrox. 

Alfred Gould Wilcox was born March 31, 1841, in Madison, Lake Co.. 
Ohio. He lived on a farm, attended the common schools and academy until 
rifteen years old, then entered Oberlin Collegei and was in the Junior year 
when the call for troops came, under which the 105th was organized. He was 
commissioned 1st lieutenant of Company F, which was raised jointly in Lake 
and Geauga Counties; participated in all the raids, battles and skirmishes in 
which the regiment was engaged ; was promoted to captain and assigned to 
Company F, on the 13th of January, 1863, and was mustered out as such, hav- 
ing remained in command of same for nearly three years. Soon after the war. 
having chosen the profession of editor and publisher, he served an appren- 
ticeship as city editor of the Cleveland Leader. He afterwards formed a part- 
nership with Captain J. H. Greene, and bought the Journal, of Fremont, O. 
Later, he bought the Telegram, of Richmond, Ind. Here he built up a flour- 



38 - THE STOIIY OF A TJIOUf^ANlt. 

amounts to little in determiniug the moral tone of his men 
and holding them up to a high standard of efficiency, un- 
less supported by the immediate commander of each com- 
pany. It is only this man who can encourage and inspire 
the men under his immediate control to the best effort, the 
highest valor and the most unflinching endurance of priva- 
tion and fatigue. Of this truth, the Thousand afforded a 
notable example in that veteran captain "who had learned a 
soldiers duty on the plains of Mexico, who, after the most 
arduous service the regiment ever saw and one of the most 
exhaustive marches ever performed by unseasoned troops, 
made report of his company: ''Present or accounted for, 
nltnfij-riglit ! " Why was it, when the ranks of others were 
so depleted ? Of course, the fact that they had done less 
marching than the others counted for much, but he had 
counseled his men to throw away everything they could 
spare, at the outset ; when he saw a man exhausted, got 
another to help him ; spared no opportunity to get a foot- 
sore one a place in a wagon, and, by so favoring the weak 
and encouraging the strong to help them, he brought his 
compau}' into camp without the loss of a man, captured or 
straggled on the march. It is a matter of sincere regret 
that the utmost exertion has failed to secure the portrait 
of an officer of such excellent promise as Captain Ixobert 
Wilson, of Company II, who fell, pierced ))y three bullets, 
on our first battlefield at Perrvville. 



ishing business, ut one time owning and publishing also ibu Courier, of New- 
Castle, Ind. Not in the best of health, he sold his properties, and in the fall 
of 187J, removed to Minnesota. Locating in Minneapolis, he became manai,'er 
of the Daily Neirs. and afterwards of the Daily Tribune. Later, he begaa 
publishing subscription books for The Household, of which, one, The liuckeye. 
Cook Book, has had the enormous sale of nearly 1,000.(X)0 copies, lu connec- 
tion with these publications, he started The Housekeeper, which at the time of 
its sale by him in 1887, had reached a circulation of 120,000. a number unap- 
proached by any similar publication. During the time he was carrying on 
these enterprises, he became owner of a tract of fertile prairie lands of Min- 
nesota, and became interested in farming and stock raising, and few men 
have done more for the agricultural interests of the State than he. Follow- 
ing these lines, with varying fortune, he has led a life remarkable for ener- 
getic and persistent work and manly achievement. He lives in Minneapolis, 
und is an active member of the Minnesota Commandery of the Loyal Legion. 



THE SWOni) /Ih'ARh'RS. 



?.9 



The cluinicter of an army depends upon the quality of 
those units of force, the regiments ; and the regimental 
character must always be determined, in great measure, by 
the (juality of its officers. They are the nerves by which 
the purpose of the commander is communicated to the 
mass; and if they are deficient in spirit, knowledge, or 
determination, when it stands in tlie forefront of battle, 
those who place dependence on it will be sure to suffer dis- 
appointment. The soldier looks to his officer, not merely 
for orders, but f(^r example. Drill and discipline are only 
instrumentalities by which the efficiency of men and officers 
are alike enhanced. Drill 
merely familiarizes both 
with their respective func- 
tions: the use of discipline 
is only to estalilish con- 
ti deuce Ix'tween the en- 
listed man and his officer. 
Tf that confidence already 
exists, it requires very 
little drill to make the 
recruit a soldier; if it has 
to be created, the habit of 
obedience must take the 
place of personal confi- 
dence. 

Who were they to whom 
the destiny of the Thou- Cokp. Lumax G. Griste. 

sand was committed? In every case they were the product 
of the same conditions as the enlisted men — field, staff, 
and line were the neighbors and kinsmen of the rank and 
file. The Colonel, born thirty-one years before in a little 




LUMAN G. Griste was bjr;i at New Hampden, Geauga C'juaty, Ohio, 
JunelS, 184t. Enlisted at eighteen in Company G, was appointed corporal; 
detailed as Judge Advocate's clerk during August 1863; wounded at Chicka- 
raauga, September 'Zl, 18t5.S : discharged February 2^. 18&4; graduated from 
I'leveland Homeopath^'c College, in 1874. Has practiced his profession at 
Twinsburg. O.. since that time. 



40 THE STORY OF A TllOUSAyD. 

couiitiy village, had been educated in the public school:? 
had worked his way to some prominence at the bar. had 
been elected prosecuting attorney of his county, had gone 
west to Minnesota, half a score of years before its boom 
arrived, and had just returned to his old home when tlie 
first gun was fired on Fort Sumter. He raised a company 
for one of the earliest Ohio regiments, the TwentA'-fourth. 
and had distinguished himself five months before in the 
bloody conflict at Shiloh. Short, compact, resolute, alert. 
and self-reliant, he possessed in a remarkable degree the 
qualities which would have secured distinction as a 
military "commander had fate not cut short his career. 
Within two months, he rose to the temporary command of 
a division, not by favor, but by the hap of battle, which, 
in a single hour, made him its senior officer. He never 
came to the command of the regiment again. Ijut won 
deserved fame by his brilliant handling of the brigade of 
which it was a part. If he did not always win the love of 
those under his command, there was none who could with- 
hold admiration for his soldierly qualities, or fail to feel a 
thrill of pride at the thought that he belonged, in a sense, to us 
The Lieutenant-colonel, five 3'ears older than his 
superior officer, tall, slender, courteous, witli flowing black 
beard and keen, flashing eye, was an ideal soldier of another 
type. The counting-room and the village store had been 
his college. He had left a desolate hearthstone a year 
before to give what he deemed a shattered life to the ser- 
vice of his country. Never had soldier a nobler ideal. A 
constant victim of pain, he never shirked a duty or spared 
himself exposure. Sometimes irascible in camp, he was a 
model of cheerfulness upon the march; nothing daunted 
him and no hardship was too great for him to endure. In 
l)attle his calmness approached the sublime. If the 
Colonel dreamed of stars as he had good right to do, the 
Lieutenant-colonel's aspiration never went beyond the 
eagle, which he, no doubt, hoped to wear, the joy of 
battle, the fame of brilliant achievement, and a soldier's 



THE SWORD BEARERS. 



41 



ileath — which he neglected uo opportunity to win. 

The Major was twenty-six, of auburn hair, pleasant 
face, calm, earnest eyes, and quiet, retiring manner. He 
seemed, at first glance, hardly fitted for command. For a 
time, the Thousand thought him almost a supernumerary; 
but there was a firmness about the smiling mouth under 
the tawny mustache and a flash that came sometimes into 
the great brown eyes that served well enough to check 
familiarity, and there was never any need to enforce 
obedience. It was thought that the Colonel was some- 
times inclined to be imperious with his second in com- 
mand, but he was complacency itself to the sunny-faced 
Major. Was it because 
that officer was close 
akin to the governor of 
the state, whose favor 
was not a thing to be 
despised by one am- 
l)itious of promotion? 
Let us not in(iuire too 
closely. 

The Thousand was 
composed of men not 
overburdened with re- 
gard for rank. The 
life from which they 
came was that stronger 
phase of New Eng. 
land life found at the Private C. R. R.\dcliffe, Co. F. 
West, which retains, perhaps in an aggravated form, 
the peculiar New England quality of a jealous self-esteem. 
They obeyed with readiness, ])ecause that was a soldier's 




Ch.\kle.s K. Radcliffe was born in Mentor, O., a stone's throw from 
the little Disciple Church which President Garlield used to attend. He was 
seventeen years old when he enlisted as a private, and at that time was a 
shoemaker's apprentice. He served continuously until the army crossed 
the Chaltahoochie River. Here, utterly worn out with the hardships of 
service he was sent to the rear, none of his companions expectint? ever to see 



42 TlIK STOltY OF A TJIUl'SA^'D. 

duty, and treuted their officers with respect, becuuse tliey 
respected themselves. The quiet Major grew in their 
regard upon a basis of mutual esteem, which was not 
at all abated when he had held the command longer 
than both of his superiors. He had no special liking 
for military life, no desire for promotion, no thirst for 
'j^lory, no hope for ulterior advantage. Without political 
aspiration, endowed with sulticient earthly possessions, he 
simply did his duty because it was his duty, and regarded 
the Thousand the less honored by his leadership than he 
by the confidence they bestowed. He had no lack of self- 
respect, but his orders took as often the tone of rec^uest as 
of command. 

Three better types of the citi/A'u soldier it would be 
hard to find in any army. 

The subalterns were simply fair samples of the life 
from which the regiment was drawn. Of the ten captains, 
one was a professor in an academy, one a minister, two 
were students, one was a mining superintendent, three or 
four had been engaged in mercantile pursuits. They were 
mostly men approaching middle life, their average age 
being thirty -three years. Of these onl}- one remained with 
the regiment until the close of the war — Captain Charles 
1). Edwards, of Company A, afterwards major, lieutenant- 
colonel, and brevet-colonel when mustered out. Two were 
killed, one died, four resigned, and two were dismissed. 

The twenty lieutenants were of the average age of 
twenty-five years. They were nearl}' all students or clerks. 



him attain. He w;is captured with the forage train near Murfret^^^boro, Tenn, 
Jaue 21. 18.5S, and released ou parole a few days afterwards. 

The close of the war found him little more alive than dead. He went 
to Missouri to engage iu farming; made no money but recovered his health ; 
took a course in a business college; ran a paper at Baldwin, Michigan; was 
city editor of The Commercial, Toledo, O., and in 1889 was appointed mail 
agent. He has held many places of honor and trust in the towns where ho 
has resided, his party, the church and the Grand Army. He now lives in 
Detroit, Michigan. It is to Comrade Radcliffe that the lO.Sth owes the tirst 
attempt to write its history. He kept a daily journal and the newspaper 
account he gave of the service of the regiment is full of life and incident, 
and surprisingly correct when we consider the circumstances under which it 
was written. 



77/a; sword nKAllEliS. 4-.i 

Six of them weif college gnuluates, or college students. 
Seven were mustered out us captains, four died during the 
service, eight resigned, one was dismissed. 

The men these officers commanded had been their 
neighl)ors, schoolmates, friends. No wall of exclusion 
separated them; rank made little ditterence in their rela- 
tions. They found it not ditlicult to command, for the 
only deference they exacted was the formal one their posi- 
tion required. Save in a few instances, they directed 
rather than ordered. The enlisted man sought his officers 
tent for counsel as freely almost as his comrades. On 
the march, they chatted familiarly as they had done at 
iionie. The friendships that had existed remained uu- 
l)rokeu. The man in the ranks had almost as much pride 
in his friend who carried a sword as if the emblem of rank 
had been his own. Perhaps he was his brother or his 
cousin. Not unfrequently the orderly sergeant messed 
with the commissioned officers. Why should he not? In 
education, wealth, and all that society counts essential to 
gentility, save the accident of temp(n\ary rank, he was 
often their equal, sometimes their superior. Even in rank, 
he was likely at any time to rise to their level. Of the 
line and staff officers mustered out with the regiment at the 
close of the war, all but eight had been mustered in as 
enlisted men. 

Few of the officers found it necessary to resort to exclu- 
siveness or i)unishment to secure the respect of those under 
their command, and in those cases respect did not always 
accompany obedience. Oljedience, indeed. l)ecame habitual, 
l)ut it was the willing obedience of the intelligent man, not 
the slavish submission of an inferior l)ased on fear of pun- 
ishment. Because of this, the Thousand became noted for 
the parental character of its discipline. It had an envi- 
able reputation for good order and prompt obedience, but 
was especially distinguished for the mildness and infre- 
quency of its punishments. 



44 THE STORY OF A THOU HAND. 

From the point of view of tlie regular army officer, all 
this was horribly bad form; but the theory of discipline 
which prevails in our regular army is purely monarchical 
and aristocratic. Despite the man}' gallant and nol)le 
ittticers it contains, it is in theory and in practice a disgrace 
to the republic. AVhen the ranks shall be made the only 
door to West Point, and every soldier shall have an open 
field for preferment, it will become the most efficient army 
in the world; then desertions will cease and the expense 
of recruiting be avoided, since the best young men of the 
nation will seek the army as a desii'able career. It is a 
change that is sure to come, since it is dictated by every 
patriotic consideration. The country cannot afford either 
to rear aristocrats or to deprive the men in the ranks of the 
soldiers just reward — the right to wear a sword wlien he 
has fitted himself for the duties of command. 

Neither the officers nor men of the Thousand wert- 
silints; but the}' were fellow-soldiers, as they had been fel- 
low-citizens, and, in the main, self-respecting soldiers, as 
they had been self-respecting citizens. 



VT. 



THK TIFKATEK OF WAR. 




HE theater of war was of almost un- 
precedented extent, and altogether 
uni(|ue in character. Roughly desig- 
nated, it may be said to have been 
bounded by the Potomac. Ohio, and 
Missouri rivers on the north, and by 
the Atlantic and Gulf coast upon the 
east and south. It was divided b}' the Mississippi. That 
portion lying east of the great river was marked by certain 
peculiar combinations of natural conformation and arti- 
ficial roadway, which were at every stage of the conflict of 
prime importance, and, in the main, determinative of the 
strategy of both armies. 

Its most important physical feature was a rugged 
mountain region roughly triangular in form, its base 
extendmg from Harper's Farry, on the Potomac, west- 
ward to the neighborhood of Portsmouth, on the Ohio 
river, and its apex resting at Stevenson, in Alabama. The 
northern and western sides of this triangle are each about 
three hundred miles in length, and its southeastern side 
more than five hundred miles. This region embraces nearly 
all of West Virginia, the western portions of Virginia, 
North and South Carolina, the northwestern part of 
Georgia, and Eastern Tennessee and Kentucky. It is 
composed of a great number of elongated peaks or over- 
lapping ranges, having a general trend from northeast 
towards the southwest. These are divided into two general 

45 



46 



THE STOllY OF A TJlOi'SAM). 



fz;roups, separated from each other by a depression, which 
extends longitiulinally from L\ nchburo;, Virginia, to Steven- 
son, Alabama. 

The northern part of this depression constitutes tlie 
i)ed into "wiiieh are gathered the triljiitaries of the James 
river, flowing eastward tlirough tlie passes of the lilne 




Maksh.vi.l W. Wkight, R. q. M. 

Maushall W. Wright was born August 27, 181S. in Conneaul. O. His 
father was a native of Massachusetts, his mother of Connecticut. He was 
the oldest son, and very early in life had to help support the family. School 
advantages were almost unknown. He pursued his father's occupation, that 
of tanner, and was married March 26, 1844. In 1847, he moved to Dorset. O., 
antl followed farming for six years. He was elected .Sheriff of the County of 
Ashiahula, in 1S53, and served two terms. In 18.57 he removed to Kingville. 
Ohio, and has since resided there. 

He has live children and eighteen grandchildren, and in April. 18W4. cele- 
brated his golden wedding He was appointed lieutenant and (juarter-master 



TJIK THE AT Kit OF WAR. IT 

Kiilge. Almost interluciug wilh these ure the head waters 
of the Clinch and HoIsUju rivers; these, uniting, form the 
Tennessee, which, flowing to the southwestwartl, ))iirsts 
through the mountain barrier in the northeastern part of 
Alabama, where it whimsically abandons its southwestern 
course, which, continued would lead to the Gulf of Mexico, 
three hundred miles away, and lazily and uncertainly pur- 
suing the' arc of a great circle, falls into the Ohio at 
Paducah, almost as far to the northward. 



ol ihe 105lh at its organizaiioii, and served as such until April 1.;. 18()4. vvhi u 
lie resigned on account of ill health. 

Quarierma.sier Wright furnished a very necessary ingredient of the 
morale of the field and staff of the regiment. He was a man of mature age, 
who had occupied positions of honor and trust; was of influence in his 
county; well-known and highly esteemed throughout the district from which 
the regiment came; of iucorruiJiiljle integrity, unimpeachable good will for 
all; without a suspicion of self-seeking, easily approachable; of invincible 
good natuie. and having that most delightful of all faculties, the power of 
making everyone feel that he was his friend without being the enemy of any- 
one else. He was a maa of easy temper, not remarkable, either for e.xecu- 
tive ability or irrepressible energj', but altogether remarkable for readiness 
to encounter any difficulty, and for unfailing good nature under the most dis- 
heartening and depressing conditions. He was every man's friend, as ready 
to cheer and condole with a teamster, or a footsore soldier, as with any 
officer of the regiment. His wide acquaintance throughout Ashtabula County 
enabled him to do many acts of liiuduess for the friends and families of the 
soldiers, which he was never too busy or weary to undertake. To the sick of 
tbe regiment he was a benison; to everyone a friend. 

That he was able to siJare time for these unnumbered errands of mercy and 
cheer, without the duties of his position suflering from neglect, is due to the 
rare qualities of the men who were his assistants and immediate subordin- 
ates. Probably no regimental quartermaster ever before had two as efficient 
quartermaster sergeants as Horatio M. Smith and George W. Cheney, or a 
commissary sergeant of such unpretending faithfulness or scrupulous exact- 
ness as William J. Gibson, a commissary who when the ration for each man 
during the siege of Chattanooga fell to less than live hard-tack each, for 
eight days, had the self-control and rigid sense of justice to give himself 
only the four and a half he dealt out to the others. It seems a small matter 
to a man who has enough to eat, but that half-cracker which Sergeant Gib- 
son broke off from his own ration and cast back into the aggregate, at a time 
when men knelt about the islace where rations were issued and picked up the 
crumbs which fell upon the ground, represented more self-denial than can 
well be understood by those who have not been in like conditions. 

With such assistants and his own inexhaustible amiability. Lieutenant 
Wright was no doubt the best-liked quartermaster In the army, as he was 
easily the best-known and best-loved man in the regiment — not only by the 
men in the field but by their wives and children at home— as he continues to 
be until this day 



48 77IE STOHr OF A THOUSAXD. 

This great lougituditial depression divicles, not very 
unequally, this vast mountain region into two parts, each 
with an eastern and western declivity, both laterally pierced 
by innumerable narrow and tortuous valleys, lying between 
irregular and precipitous mountain walls. The eastern por- 
tion is termed, indifferently, the Blue Ridge or Alleghany 
mountains. The western range is called collectively the 
Cumberland mountains, and, in its lower part, the Cumber- 
land plateau. The eastern range was at that time practi- 
cally impassable for an armed force throughout its whole 
extent, from the passes where the James river breaks forth 
in the rear of Lynchburg, to the tortuous defiles through 
which the railroad steals from Chattanooga to Atlanta. 
The western side of this double-ended trough is pierced 
with some half dozen intricate and ditticult passes, only one 
of which, known as Cumberland Gap, lying a hundred and 
eighty miles almost due south from Cincinnati, was sup- 
posed at the outbreak of the war to afford a really feasible 
route to the valley of the Holston, or East Tennessee. 
The struggle developed the fact that at least three others 
were actually available, while the elevated plateau into 
which tlie lower part of the Cumberland range expands, 
was cut by numerous difficult init practicable defiles, 
between the head of the Sequatchie valley and the debouch- 
ment of the Tennessee river. The whole region is some- 
times denominated the Appalachian mountains. 

Along this median dt'i)ression which separates the 
Blue Ridge from the Cumberland range, ran a railroad 
linking Richmond, the seat of Confederate power, with the 
southwestern states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi. 
Louisiana, Texas, and Arkansas. Along the eastern slope 
of the Alleghanies ran also, other lines of railroad, connect- 
ing Richmond with Atlanta and the southeastern states of 
the Confederacy. The strategic effect of this conforma- 
tion in conjunction with these railway lines was, first, to 
make the three northeastern states of the Confederacy 
unassailable from the northwest, except through the north- 



THE THEATER OF WAR. 4!) 

era outlet of the valley of East Teuuessee, iu the rear of 
Lynchburg, or around the southern end of this impervious 
rocky chain, along the railroad leading from Chattanooga 
to Atlanta. Because of this, the Confederate forces in 
Virginia, North and South Carolina had no need to guard 
iigainst attack from the rear, but could concentrate their 
whole strength against the enemy in front. 

In the second place, this depression with the railroail 
running through it, served as a covered way by which the 
forces of the Confederacy might be quickly and safely 
concentrated on any part of their line which chanced to be 
threatened and returned before the enemy could take 
advantage of their absence. It was on these lines, running 
through Vicksburg, Corinth, Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, 
Atlanta, and Knoxville. and uniting in the field of opera- 
tions of the army of Northern Virginia, that nearly all the 
great battles of the war were fought. 

This double-walled, impregnable rampart, extending 
three hundred miles southward from the Ohio, and five 
hundred miles southwestward from the Potomac, of neces- 
sity greatly enhanced the defensive capacity of the Confed- 
erac}^ One has only to imagine the Appalachian moun- 
tains removed so as to permit access at almost any point on 
this long line, to realize how easily an army moving through 
West Virginia or Kentucky might, in connection with an 
attack in front, have compelled the evacuation of Rich- 
mond. 

As things were, however, an army operating from the 
Ohio river as a base, had open to it only three lines ot 
approach to the Confederate territory: (1) through the 
gaps of the Cumljerland range into East Tennessee ; (2) 
along the line of the Louisville and Nashville railway to 
Stevenson or Chattanooga, thereby turning the southern 
end of the Appalachian mountains; or, (3) along the 
course of the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers to the 
same strategic line. 

At the outbreak of the struggle, the Confederates 



50 THE STOUT OF A THOUSAND. 

seized and held the sontberu portion of Kentucky, the 
center of the army of occupation being at Munfordville 
and Bowling Green; its right at Cumberland Ford and 
Barboursville, under General Zollicoffer, covering the road 
to Cumberland Gap; and its left at Fort Donelson, on the 
Cumberland river, which, with Fort Henry, twelve miles 
away on the Tennessee, was heavily garrisoned and relied 
upon to hold those rivers against both the Union land and 
naval forces. These positions were admirable for defence, 
and efjually admirable for an attack by the Confederate 
center. It was natux'al, therefore, that the Federal com. 
mander in Kentucky, General Robert Anderson, and his 
(successor, General \Y. T. Sherman, should be apprehensive 
of such an attack, and desirous of strengthening his own 
center at Louisville. This policy was continued by General 
Buell, who was assigned to the command of the army of 
the Ohio, embracing the forces in Kentucky and Tennessee 
.east of the mouth of the Cumberland, in November, 1861. 
In the meantime. General George H. Thomas, in com- 
mand of the Federal left at Somerset and Camp Dick Robin- 
son, was urging an advance by Cumberland Gap into East 
Tennessee, to seize the railroad running from the Confeder. 
ate capital along the valley of the Tennessee, so as to both 
interrupt communication with the southwest and turn the 
right of the Confederate army in Kentucky by demonstrat- 
ing against Chattanooga. General Ormsby M. Mitchell, 
who commanded at Cincinnati at that time, was enthusiast- 
ically in favor of this movement, declaring that to hold 
East Tennessee, with its intense Union sentiment, was 
" e(iuivalent to placing an army of fifty thousand men at 
the back door of the Confederacy." President Lincoln, 
with that unerring insight which was the distinguishing 
([uality of his genius, also approved this movement, and 
I'ecommended to Congress an appropriation to build a mili- 
tary railroad from Lexington to Knoxville, via Cumberland 
Gap, for the transportation of men and supplies, in order 
that this all but inaccessible cleft in the mountain wall 



THE THEATER OF WAR. .-)! 

might I)e made • • an impregnable citadel of liberty." We 
know now how true were the President's intuitions, and 
how just were the views of the commanders who urged this 
course. But the country had not yet learned the wonderful 
sagacity of Lincoln, and the modest Thomas and impetu- 
ous Mitchell were both distrusted for the very qualities 
which would have made them of inestimable value to the 
national cause had they Ijeen given the scope and recogni- 
tion they deserved. The one was doomed to perish in 
practical exile in a useless command on the South Carolina 
coast; the other to wait until the ver^' last hour of the 
great conflict for the recognition of his merit. 

The influences which were to shape the action of the 
army under General Buell were destined to come from other 
sources than its commander. It may be doubted if he was 
intellectuall}' capable of a successful initiative. Overesti- 
mating always his opponent s power and dwelling persist- 
ently on the strategic advantages the enemy possessed, he 
forgot everything that made in his own favor, and reall}- 
allowed the movements of his army to be dependent on 
those of his opponent, to a degree, perhaps, unprecedented 
in military history. Such a line of action can never suc- 
ceed except in a purely defensive warfare — and even a Fa- 
l)ius needs to be able to strike at the proper moment, and 
to strike with all his force. 

By some curious misapprehension of llie character of 
General Thomas, who commanded the forces opposed to his 
right wing, General Albert Sidney Johnston was induced 
to sanction an advance under Zollicofler, an advance justi- 
fied, perhaps, by political hopes, ])ut wholly indefensible 
from a military point of view. The result was the battle 
of Mill Springs, fought on the nineteenth of January. 18G2, 
resulting in the first Federal victory of the war at the West. 
Zollicoffer's force was not only defeated, but also driven 
across the Cumberland, exposing Johnston's flanks in a 
manner which, if followed up, must have compelled him to 
fall back to the line of the Cumberland river. Instead of 



52 THE STORY OF A TIIOCSAND. 

pursuing this advantugo, Buell ordered his victorious sub- 
ordinate to retreat. 

Little more than a montli later, February 2, lSt)2, how- 
ever, events occurred which were, fortunately, beyond the 
control of the trio of scientific soldiers — McClellan, Hal- 
leck and Buell — who then commanded the three great ar- 
mies of the Union. The department under the control of 
the latter, though not strictly bounded in his assignment to 
command, extended westward only to the mouth of the 
Cumberland River. Beyond that was the Department of 
Missouri, with General H. W. Halleck in command. G-en- 
eral George B. McClellan. as commander-in-chief of all the 
armies of the United States, exerci-sed a general supervision 
and control. These three men were pre-eminent among the 
officers of the Federal Army as theoretical soldiers. As 
military critics, they were, perhaps, unexcelled in their day. 
Their very excellence as theorists, however, not being- 
coupled with that resolution and audacity which are essen- 
tial to enable a commander to win l^attles or overcome an 
enemy, became a source of weakness rather than of strength. 
The trained imagination, which is the peculiar quality of 
the strategist, had in them been developed without the 
modifying influence of actual warfare or a corresponding 
development of that pugnacious spirit which inclines a 
commander to make up in celerity of movement, vigor of 
attack or stubbornness of resistance, any fortuitous advant- 
age he sees that his opponent might have, but of which it 
is not certain that he will be able to avail himself. Prob- 
ably, three men were never before associated in the chief 
control of a nations armies who so closely resembled each 
other in capacity to overrate their opponents, minify their 
own advantages, and out of imaginary molehills create in- 
superable obstacles. 

It was an instance, on an almost unprecedented scale, 
of an army of lions led by a trio of hinds — not that either 
of these men lacked personal courage any -more than thev 
lacked military skill, but the fear of failure was with each 



THE THEATER OF WAR. 53 

so great as to overwhelm that dogged determination to win. 
on which success in war must always finally depend. A 
mere scientific soldier may organize an army, may decide 
what strategic movements are preferable upon a definite 
theater of war, or may plan a successful campaign ; but 
the man who commands an army and controls its move- 
ments should be, first of all things, a resolute and deter- 
mined fighter. 

Despite the paucity of troops in the vast department 
under his control, the Confederate commander in Kentucky, 
General Albert Sidney Johnston, had posted at Forts Don- 
elson and Henry an army of more than 20,000 men, which 
should have been sufficient to hold them against three times 
their number. This was a matter of supreme importance 
to General Johnston, for on the maintenance of this posi- 
tion depended his own ability to hold Southern Kentucky 
and Middle Tennessee. These works were on the extreme 
eastern verge of General Halleck's Department of the Mis- 
souri, and, as such, were a part of the District of Cairo, 
then, fortunately, under the command of a soldier who had 
no paper reputation to paralyze his impulse, but who had 
every incentive, as well as the native resolution, to under- 
take great things, even when apparently impossiljle of 
achievement. This man, then quite unknown to fame, had 
gotten the idea that, by an unexpected attack, the weaker 
of these strongholds, Fort Henry, might be taken, and that 
the other might either be carried by immediate assault, 
or, being fully invested, might be compelled to capitulate 
before it could be relieved. For a month he had impor- 
tuned his superior. General Halleck, to allow him to pur- 
sue this course. 

On the first day of February he received permission to 
make the attempt ; on the second, he started with fifteen 
thousand men to attack the two strongest military positions 
west of the Alleghanies, garrisoned by nearly twice as 
many men as he commanded ; on the sixth. Fort Henry 
surrendered ; on the twelfth, Fort Donelson was invested ; 



54 THE t<T(>RY OF A TJIOUSANl). 

on the sixteenth, it surrendered. Fifteen thousand pris- 
oners and more guns than the besiegers had were capture<l. 
This achievement marked an epoch in the war. Not only 
had a new man appeared, but Ulysses S. Grant was a new 
type of soldier in our army — the tj'pe which used the forces 
he had, instead of waiting for what he might desire. It 
was the first great victory of a great war, and the arm}- 
which capitulated at Donelson was the largest armed force 
ever captured, up to that time, on the continent. Because 
of these things and the brief time it occupied, it will ever 
be regarded as one of the most brilliant campaigns in mili- 
tary history. On the nineteenth, three days after the sur- 
render of Donelson, Halleck, jealous of Grants unexpected 
success, I'ecommended the promotion of one of his subor- 
dinates, Genei'al C. F. Smith, over him. On that same 
day, the President, wiser than his sci(3ntific advisers, rec- 
ommended, and the Senate confirmed, the man, who first 
"organized victory'" for our arms, to the rank of Major- 
General of Volunteers. The junta of military critics had 
failed ; the fighting soldier had achieved the impossible. 
From that hour his course was upward, ever}' step a vic- 
tory, until victory culminated in conquest. 

The inevitable result of the fall of Donelson was that 
the forces in front of Buell melted away in a night. 
Bowling Green was evacuated the day Donelson was 
invested. On the twenty-fourth of February, Buell s 
f(n-ces entered Nashville unopposed. He at once began to 
caution his subordinates not to move too rapidly. Early in 
March he was ordered to Savannah, on the Tennessee river, 
to join General Grant in his intended advance on Corinth, 
Mississippi. So deliberate was his march, however, that 
only a small portion of his army arrived in time to take 
part in tiie first days battle of Shiloh. 

P'rom that date until early in June, preceding the time 
our story opens, the army of the Ohio, except one division 
under Mitchell, a brigade under Negley, and a few scattered 
outposts in Kentucky, was part and parcel of the roaring 



THE THKATFAi OF WAR. Sf) 

faivt' whicdi Halleck wtis conduetiiio; under tlu' loud-tsouiul- 
ing title of the ■ • the Siege of Corinth; " not that Corintli was 
l)esieged, or even half-invested, but in six weeks the great 
strategist moved his army fifteen miles, almost without 
oppositicm; captured a deserted city; allowed his enemy to 
Hscape unhurt, and then — marched back again! 

In the meantime, Greneral Ormsby M. Mitchell, a soldier 
of the (Iraut type, who believed in doing something besides 
getting ready, being left at Murfreesborough, with only 
three brigades, had overrun Middle Tennessee, captured 
J)ecatur. Huntsville, and Stevenson, in Alabama, and held 
the line of the Tennessee River to Bridgeport, only twenty- 
two miles from ( Uiattanooga. This " Gibraltar of the Con- 
federacy "' was at that time practically undefended. The 
highest estimate of the Confederate forces thei'e was ' -about 
ten thousand men. "' As a fact, its garrison was less than half 
that numVter. Kast Tennessee was bare of Confederate 
soldiers, and the people were clamorous, as they had l)een 
from the first, for Federal forces to come and occupy this 
all-important position, whereby the rear of the Confederate 
army in Virginia might be threatened and their most 
important line of coramunicatioa between their eastern 
and western armies wholly destroyed. Negley, with one 
brigade, was actually in front of Chattanooga; only the 
Tennessee River lay between his lines and the most import- 
ant position the Confederates held west of Richmond, 
(xeueral George AV. Morgan, with twelve thousand men. was 
on his way to East Tennessee, via the Cumberland Gap. 
Mitchell was l)egging for reinforcements in order that he 
might invest Chattanooga before it could be relieved. If 
the "Siege of Corinth" had continued a little longer, or 
Mitchell h;id })een reinforced by even a single brigade, he 
would, in all probability have captured Chattanooga. General 
Morgan asked that Negley might continue to demonstrate in 
its front, to prevent the enemy from throwing a force into 
Kast Tennessee. ButGeneral Buell's orders on leaving Corinth 
on the sixth of June, were to march via Decatur and Hunts- 



5(5 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

ville, to take Cliuttauooga and occupy East Tennessee. Un- 
fortunately, he was also ordered to repair the railroads leading^ 
thither. To this last work he addressed himself with ardor: 
the more important task he seems almost to have forgotten. 
Negley was at once ordered back to Mc.Minnville; Mitchell 
was directed to repair the (Miattanooga and Nashville Kail- 
road, and the whole army was scattered in small detach- 
ments along the lines of railway converging on Nashville. 
For two months Euell crept on toward his objective, build- 
ing railroads, distriljuting bridge-guards, erecting stockades, 
returning fugitive slaves, and giving daily advice upon the 
conduct of the war. He was an officer of incouceivalile 
industry in a literary wa}', and most unfortunately for his 
fame, his dispatches have ])een preserved with unusual com- 
pleteness. 

On the first day of August. Mreneral McCook was only 
six miles nearer Chattanooga than Mitchell had been in 
June. Both were cautiously feeling their way toward that 
cit}'. (leneral (i. W. Morgan was entrenched at Cum- 
berland Gap. Bragg had collected an army of fifty thou- 
sand men at Chattanooga. Kirljy Smith held East Tennes- 
see with thirty thousand. Buell had an invincible l)elief 
that Bragg's purpose was to advance upon Nashville, and 
first made his arrangements to meet and engage him at 
Altamont, on the summit of the Cuml)erland plateau, where 
there was neither forage nor water, and which was all but 
inaccessible to an army, even with no enemy to overcome. 
Then he decided to retire his army on Nashville, still con- 
fident that his opponent could have no other objective. On 
the day after the Thousand was mustered in, August 
twenty-second, Kirby Smith, having turned the Federal 
position at Cumberland (iap, arrived, with fifteen thousand 
men, at Barboursville, Kentucky. Buell thought it a feint 
to divert attention from Bragg's advance upon Nashville, 
and hastened his preparations for retreat. Five days later. 
Bragg l>egan his march, unopposed, fron) the head of 
Sequatchie valley. l)y Spart:i. to Carthage and (Tainslio 



THE TIIKA TKR OF WAIL 57 

rough, oil the Ciimbeilaud Kiver, which he crossed, unop- 
posed, on his wiiy to Kentucky. 

Two days after Bragg had started on liis march. Buell 
telegraphed to the commanding (officer at .^Iurt'reesborough: 
" Couki a good battlefiehl be chosen about Murfrees- 
borough. affording position for the flanks and rear of a hirge 
army. Report in as much detail as possible in cipher." 

Having thus advertised for a battlefield, he gave the 
order to concentrate on Nashville, leaving Bragg to pass 
undisturbed through a difficult region scarce a score of 
miles from the left of his army, and cross the Cumberland 
at his leisure. In this retreat, General Buell displayed his 
best qualities as a commander. His arrangements were, 
perhaps, the most perfect ever made for such a movement. 
As if on review, his army moved in the exact order pre- 
scribed for the various divisions and detachments. From 
Huntsville, Decatur, Bridgeport, Stevenson, Battle Creek, 
McMinnville, Decherd, and all the scattered intervening 
posts, the retreat began on schedule time, and was con- 
ducted with admirable precision. It was one of the most 
masterly retreats ever planned, as why should it not be, 
since there was none to oppose or obstruct, to hasten or 
hinder? In order to secure its complete success, General 
Buell asked, with urgent importunit}', that Grant would 
send, with all possible haste, two divisions to swell his 
army, already greater than that of the enemy from whom 
he fled, while that enemy romped leisurely down the west- 
ern slope of the Cumberland mountains into the fertile 
plains of Kentucky. This was done, and the movement 
was completed without the least variation from schedule 
time. Not a man or a wagon was lost, as, indeed, none 
could well be, unless they strayed from the line of march, 
since there was no enemy in front or rear for half a hun- 
dred miles, save one who was marching away from Nash- 
ville as eagerly as Buell was pressing toward it. 

Wiien his army was finally encamped upon the banks 
of the Cumberland, Bragg had already crossed that river, 



58 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

and was preparing to fall upon Munfordvillf. Wla-ther the 
commander of the Army of the Ohio stopped in his march 
to the rear to inspect the battlefield for which he had adver- 
tised, near Murfreesborough. or not. is not now ascertain- 
able; })ut that he still believed that Bragg was merely 
maturing some fell plan to compass his destruction, there 
is abundant evidence, as also that it re((uired the whole 
force of the national administration to start him from Nash- 
ville on that leisurely march he finally made so close upon 
the rear of Bragg's army, that the dust of tlieir passage 
was hardly settled when his advance guard arrived. Only 
the most consummate skill could have avoided a collision 
with the army in his front, and inferior to him in numbers. 
or delayed his march long enough to permit the junction of 
the Confederate commander and his lieutenant in the heart 
of Kentucky. 

It was at this juncture of national affairs that the 
'J'housand, the da}- after they were mustered in. reported to 
Major-General Horatio G. "Wright, commanding the Depart- 
ment of Ohio, at Cincinnati, and were ordered to cross t!ie 
river at Covington and wait for arms and equipments. 



VI i. 




ON SOUTHERN SOIL. 

LIGHT, wavering miat bung over 
tlie Obio river, sbrunk almost to 
its lowest sttige, wben, in tbe 
early dawn of its second day of 
service, the Thousand crossed 
the Fifth-street ferry and clam- 
bered up the ungraded hills 
to the pleasant streets of Cov- 
ington, Kentucky. It hardly 
needed the sight of blue uniforms, swords, and muskets, 
in the streets and at the ferries, to tell us that ,we had 
leached the theater of war. Two or three turtle- 
backed gunboats, lying at anchor in midstream, loom- 
ed out of the fog, their ports open, the smoke lazily 
lifting from their funnels, an armed watch showing 
on their decks. They seemed like giim black dogs, 
ready to leap on their prey, and our hearts exul- 
ted at the thought that tbe skill and ingenuity whidi 
freedom fosters had provided the cause of liberty with 
such formidable weapons. Shivery furnished abundant 
supplies for tbe armies that fought for its perpetuity; 
but its existence had starved and crippled that meclianical 
skill and inventive genius, on the development of which 
depends the power to construct the delicate and ponderou.s 
instrumentalities of modern warfare. Had tbe Confederacy 
possessed tbe constructive capacity and mechanical skill of 
tbe North, with its advantages of position, the war for tbe 

59 



60 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



restoration of the Union would, in all probability, have 
been a hopeless failure. But the hand which holds the 
lash is rarely skillful with the chisel or the lathe, and the 
wrong done to the slave brought its own fruitage of weak- 
ness to the master. 

We landed on the Kentucky shore near where the 
water-works now are, and climbed the hillside without 
forming ranks. Company G was the first to set foot in 
Dixie, and as we passed one of the cottages, which clung 
to the sharp slope, an aged woman, standing in the door. 

saluted us with a wave 
of the hand, and said : 

' ' God bless you. 
boys, and bring you all 
safe home again ! " 

Many uncovered at 
this first greeting on 
southern soil, and Ser- 
geant Warner, whose 
heart was ever quick to 
acknowledge kindness, 
answered for all : 

" Thank you, moth- 
er, and may you be here 
to see us when we come!' 
The line was formed 
on Greenup street. 
Serot. Joseph K. VVarneu, Co. G. y^r^w^ ^e rested on the 

curb, the red sunlight began to show through the 
silvery haze, telling of drought and heat. An elderly 
gentleman came along carrying a market-basket. He 




Joseph Ritner Warner was born in Erie County, Pa., in 1836: 
attended KingsviUe, O. Academy, and was .studying law in Ashtabula, O., when 
he enlisted in Company G. He managed to stagger through the " Hell 
March," but was never well afterwards. He was urged to accept a dis- 
charge, but instead asked that he be reduced to the ranks and detailed as 
a clerk. He served in that capacity during the whole war to the surprise of 
every one who knew his physical condition. For many years he has been 
one of the most efficient clerks in the Pension Bureau, at Washington. D. C. 



ON SOUTHERN SOIL. (>l 

paused to inquire where we were from and to learn the 
names of our field officers. As he passed on some one told 
us that it was "Mr. Grant, the father of the fighting 
general.' One of the "boys," — a specimen of that sort 
of boys who never grow to be men, except upon the field 
of battle — made as if to filch an ear of corn from his 
store. Just then the fire-bells began to ring. "Wait 
awhile,' said the old man, good-naturedly, " and you will 
get a much better breakfast. Covington gives her defend- 
ers one good meal as a send-off, and those bells are ringing 
to let her people know that another regiment has arrived." 

The city made good its pledge of hospitality ; the 
tables in the market-house may not ha\e groaned with the 
viands spread out upon them, but some of the Thousand 
did before they were cleared off. It was a long time before 
they were to have such lavish hospitality forced upon them 
again. 

During the day Mr. G-rant came again. He chatted 
with the men as freely as with the officers. Wh}- should 
he not ? He was part and parcel of the life from which 
they came. He was very proud of his already famous sou, 
but not offensively so. It was not long before he learned 
that the young Major's "Grandmother Tod, " was the wife 
of Ohio's first chief justice, who was his own early bene- 
factor, whose kindness his great son was •unostentatiously 
to link with his own fame by frank acknowledgment in the 
book that resulted from that last heroic conflict with 
adverse fate, which was finished on Mount McGregor. 
But the father did not wait for the son's acknowledg- 
ment. He had the Colonel and the Major to dine with 
him, and the Thousand thought all the more of their 
major because his grandmother had befriended the father 
of General Grant, and had him ' ' apprenticed to the tan- 
ner's trade." So far does reflected glory shine ! 

When we had finished our repast, we turned our atten- 
tion to securing and distributing our arms and equipments. 
By some curious inconsistency, Commissary Sergeant Gibson 



THE STdUY <iF 



TJKirSAXD. 



had been left in CiuL-iuuati. almost witbuut assistance, to 
attend to tlie ti-ansportatiou of the arms, and camp and 
garrison equipage of the regiment. In nothing tloes the 
inexperience of the volunteer show itself so frequently as 
in inability to properly utilize the oftieers of a command. 
Here was a regiment having a full quota of otlicers. yet the 
important work of transferring these essential stores was 
left to a sergeant of tlie non-commissioned staff. A year 
later, so serious and arduous a duty would only have been 

entrusted to an ortleer of 
I high rank, with an ade- 

quate force at his dis- 
posal. Almost any other 
man in Sergeant G-ibson's 
place would have de- 
murred at the magni- 
tude (if the task im- 
posed; liut his idea of 
a soldiers duty was --not 
to reason why:" and if 
he had been ordered 
to bail out the Ohic» 
river with a pint citp. 
he would have gone 
at it with a quiet per- 
sistency, which, if it 
William J. Gibson. Com. Sergt. did not achieve success, 
would certainly have deserved it. Poor fellow, as he lugged 
and tugged at his Sisyphean task for the next three 
days, sleeping at night on the piles of stuff he moved hy 



1 

:3i 




'^^ 




wfek. 


i 


-—^^ *^ ' 



William Jay Gibson was born near New Castle. Pa.. Jnne 18. 183». ana 
spent his boyhood on a farm. His father being accidentally drowned a ud his 
mother dying soon afterwards, the lad was thrown upon his own resources a: 
an early age. When scarcely fifteen, with most of his worldly effects on 
his back, and ?10 in his pocket, he set out on foot for the academy at Kings- 
ville. Ashtabula County.O., ninety miles distant, where he was first pupil and 
afterwards a teacher. He volunteered under the first call for 75.000 men. but 
the company with many others, was not accepted. He resigned his iwsition 
of assistant principal of Kingsville Academy and enlisted as a private ia 



ox SOUTUERX SOIL. 6:j 

flay. for. though he had some volunteer helpers, no guard 
was provided, he little thought that the people of the 
city, where he toiled an obscure private soldier, would for 
many years welcome with delight his daily work in the 
editorial columns of one of her great journals. 

The enlisted man in our volunteer army may not have 
carried his c«:tmmission in his knapsack; he may have even 
failed of all recognition, or been treated like a dog and a 
scullif>n by thr>se who were his inferiors in all but rank. l>ut 
he carried under his hat. sometimes, the capacity" to set 
things even afterwards. Many a colonel has been out- 
ranked by scores of the privates of his regiment sinc-e their 
muster-out. and Gibson's i>en has given the c-ommissary 
sergeant of the Thousand a fame which no sword in the 
regiment won for its wearer. 

The equipment c»f the Thousand occupied three days. 
Who that has ever witnessed the result does not recall it 
with a smile? If anything has l>een omitted from the 
soldier's outfit that could rattle, flop. pull, di-ag. torture. 
and distort the wearer, it would be difficult to guess what 
it might l>e. When he has donned his cartiidge-lox. 
heavy with forty ix>unds; adjuste^l. as well as may be. his 
waist and shoulder belts: has hung his harersack. proti. 
l>erant with three days" rations, on one side, and his can- 
teen upon the other: has slung his knapsack upon his 
shoulders, the straps sawing away at his pectorals, as if 
Itound to amputate his arms: or has rolled his blanket and 



Company G. August 7. iSffi. He was promoted to comiius<arT ^erg-eant ai 
its org-anization and mustered out with the regiment June 3. lS6Jv Contrarr 
to the usual custom of regimental commissaries who tarried in the rear with 
the supply trains. Sergeant Gibson u>iially marched and camped with the 
regiment, and during the Atlanta campaign he took his chances with the 
rest in the trenches. Though often under fire he was never wovmded. and had 
the rare good foitune never to be sick or off duty for a single day during the 
three years' service. 

At the close of the war, he spent several months in the oil regions o: 
Pennsylvania, then removed to Ann Arbor, where he graduated in the liter- 
ary department of the University of Michigan, in 1S69. For several years 
thereafter he was a reporter and editorial writer on the Detroit Po»t and 
Detroit Trih-iTie. In January. 1886. he became associate editor of the Cincin- 
nati Timf-f-^tar. a position he still (18K' holds. 



64 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

liuug it across one shoulder, with, perhaps, his teut-cloth 
and poncho strung the other way. to maintain the harmony 
of the ensemble, his picturesque hideousness is not en- 
tirel}' complete until he reaches out his hand, grasps his 
rifle, and, with that poised upon his shoulder, realizes, 
both in his own feeling and the eye of the beholder, the 
immense distance between the citizen and the soldier. We 
very justly boast of the inventiveness of our people, but 
no appreciable amount of ingenuity has ever been wasted 
on the equipment of our soldiers. The pack-horse has a 
saddle to keep his load in place, but the soldier has to 
carry his pack without any such muscle-saving and spirit- 
saving device. Perhaps, if wars do not cease too soon, the 
government may some time grow paternal enough to con- 
sider the soldier's health and comfort, as well as the 
cheapness of his equipment. 

With military togs came militar}' terms. Titles toc>k 
the place of names. Shoulder-straps and chevrons began 
to assert themselves. Men came to be known by companies 
rather than as individuals. All the '• Misters "' disappeared 
with our first parade under arms. Drilling was incessant, 
despite the bustle attendant upon arming and equipment, 
the making out of the duplicate and triplicate vouchers for 
everything required by army regulations. 

The streets were filled, early and late, with awkward 
squads; each one's awkwardness proving an encouragement 
to the other. It may not be true that misery loves com- 
pany, but ignorance does; and nothing encourages a raw 
recruit so much as the sight of a still rawer one. There 
were not many drill-masters, for the best part of the officers 
were as untrained as the men; but each one taught his fel- 
low what he knew. When the squads were dismissed drill 
went on in the quarters. What one failed to catch, his 
comrade showed him how to do. It is amazing how much 
was accomplished in this way, especially in the manual 
of arms, in the three davs in which we lav at Covington. 



YITi. 

THE " IIELL-MARCEl." 

It was ti time of intense excitement, 
— the conscious hush before a storm of 
threefold fury. The Federal army was 
in widely separated localities; with Pope 
in Virginia; where the disastrous cam- 
paign of the peninsula had just ended; 
with Grant in Mississippi, and with 
Jiuell in Middle Tennessee; while eight 
thousand men under General George 
\V. Morgan occupied an impregnable 
position in Cumberland Gap. All at 
once, the country awoke to the fact that 
this force was in danger; the Con- 
federate general, E. Kirby Smith, had 
collected an army in East Tennessee. 
Wliat was he going to do with it? The 
"On the March." military experts generally agreed that 
his purpose was to besiege General Morgan in the gap, 
try to cut off his supplies, and starve him into sur- 
render. General Buell thought the movement against Gen- 
eral Morgan was merely a feint, and that the force collected 
at Knoxville was Intended to co-operate with Bragg on an 
advance into middle Tennessee. Both were half right. It 
was Bragg's first intention to drive back Buell's left, cut his 
line of communication, the Louisville and Nashville railroad, 
and compel him either to fight at a disadvantage or retreat 
across the Tennessee. In the meantime, "N'an Dorn was to 

65 




(50 THE STORY OF A TIJOUSANB 

allack (iriint, Kiiby Smith to invest Cumberland Gap, and, 
after its redu'jtion, invade Kentucky, in order t(^ prevent 
troops being sent to the support of Buell. 

On the 9th of August, however, General Kirby Smith 
had suggested to Bragg a change of plan, by which, instead 
of trying to reduce the work at Cumberland Gap, he should 
only invest it on the south w^th a sufficient force to prevent 
the enemy s advance, while, with his main army, he should 
march through Big Creek and Roger's Gaps, concentrating 
at Barboursville, Kentucky, and advance immediately on 
Lexington. He also suggested that General Bragg, instead 
of operating directly against General Buell, should content 
himself with cutting that General's line of supply, and then 
turned northward, advancing by forced marches so us to 
unite their armies at some point in Kentucky, and move on 
Cincinnati or Louisville before any sufficient force could be 
provided for their defense. 

This magnificent plan of campaign excelled, both in bold- 
ness of design and evident and unquestionable feasibility, 
all other aggressive campaigns of the war. Tt proposed to 
throw an invading army upon the wholly undefended center 
of a long line, both of the wings of which were fully en- 
gaged, and, at the same time, demonstrate upon the flank 
of the enemy's chief armies in such a manner as either to 
compel a battle on the most disadvantageous terms, or, the 
abandonment of all the territory that lay between the Ten- 
nessee and Ohio rivers. Whoever might have been at the 
head of the Array of the Ohio, the success of this plan, if 
properly supported and vigorously carried out, would have 
been extremely probable; with Buell in command, it was 
morally certain. Had it succeeded, the result would have 
been to transfer the line of active operations from the banks 
of the Tennessee to the Ohio; it would have added the State 
of Kentucky to the territory of the Confederacy, and 
might, very reasonably, have turned the scale of final victory 
in its favor. Had it been properly supported and conducted 
with the same boldness and enthusiasm with which it was 



TlIK IIELL-MARCH. «)7 

conceived and initiated, its author would have l)ecome to tlie 
Confederate cause what Grant was to the war for the Union, 
tlie one great captain wliose achievements (iwarfed all others 
and bore down criticism with the unanswerable argument of 
results accomplished. 

The i)lan had two defects: (1) its author was mferior 
in rank to the general with whom he was to be associated, 
and to whom he was to be sul)ordinate in its ultimate exe- 
cution ; (2) the force under the command of the officer hav- 
ing the initiative and most active, if not most important 
part to play, was entirely disproportionate to the magnitude 
of the work entrusted to him. Had Kirby Smith been given 
ten thousand more men, or even one more division and 
Morgan's cavalry, and had General Bragg moved a week 
earlier, as he promised General Smith he would; had he, 
even, starting when he did, contented himself with destroy- 
ing Buell's communications, masked Muufordville instead 
of waiting to reduce it, and pushed on to a rendezvous at 
Louisville, on a certain day, there is no reason to doubt 
that he would have found that city in the hands of his co- 
adjutor on his arrival. 

The Federal military authorities were at first inclined 
to adopt the views of General Buell as to the strength and 
object of the arm}' under Kirby Smith, concentrating at 
Knoxville, in East Tennessee. After a time, the impres- 
sion gained ground that it was intended to operate against 
General Morgan at Cuinl)erland Gap, l)y cutting off his sup- 
plies. Then the popular sentiment was aroused to appre- 
hension of an actual invasion of Kentuck}', with a possible 
movement against Cincinnati and Louisville, both of which 
important points were almost wholly defenseless. General 
Buell was ordered to take measures for the relief of the 
force at Cumberland Gap. He replied, as usual, with an 
argument against the step required. Nevertheless, he sent 
General Nelson, with three brigadiers of his division, to do 
whatever might need to be done. 

With the knowledge that Smith had actually marched, 
apprehension gave waj* to an excitement closely verging ou 



G8 



77/ A' STOIiV OF A THOUSAND. 



panic. On the 16th of August, the Secretary of War tele- 
graphed the governors of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Mich- 
igan, begging them to send troops at once to Cincinnati and 
Louisville; on the next day. Governor Tod promised four 
regiments in five days. The Thousand was the first instal- 
ment on this pledge. On the nineteenth, the Department 
of Ohio was formed, and General Horatio G. Wright as- 
signed to command, with orders, first, to relieve General 

Morgan, and then to 
see that General Buell's 
communications were 
made secure. 

The discharge of 
this duty implied, first 
of all, the creation of 
an army of sufficient 
strength to resist what- 
ever force Kirby Smith 
might have, and, 
secondly, its disposition 
in such manner as to 
baffle any movement he 
might make. Of such 
an army, the' govern- 
ors of the States named, 
furnished, with marvel- 
ous readiness, the raw materials. 

But it is not an easy thing to create an army even with 
an abundance of the best material. It requires something 
more than men and arm^; it needs a leader and an esprit 




COHP. KoiiT. A. RoWI.KK. Co, (' 



Robert Allison Rowlee was born in Wethersfleld, Trumbull County, 
Ohio, November 15, 1841. Enlisted as private in Company C; was promoted 
to corporal, December 18, 1862, and served as such to the close of the war. 
He was in every march, battle and skirmish in which the regiment was 
engaged but received no wound. Since the war, he has resided in Lorain, O., 
where he has been prominent in municipal politics, church work and charit- 
able organizations, in many of which he has held high rank. He is of such 
youthful appearance that he has to carry his discharge in his pocket to make 
strangers believe that he really " fit through the war." 



THE IIELL-MARGH. 69 

which shall pervade its every particle. There are two 
methods by which, given men and arms, an army may be 
created: one is by the tedious process of daily drill, con- 
tinued until the soldier becomes a machine and obedience a 
habit; the other is by the leadership of one in whom every 
soldier has an unfaltering confidence. The one requires time 
— the other, a man. Napoleon made his raw levies veterans 
in a day. One who has best described his method, repre- 
sents an old soldier as saying to a newly-arrived conscript: 

' ' What is it to be a soldier? To march, to load, to 
aim, to fire! To die, if need be, without a word. One 
learns it in a day. The Petit Corporal does the rest!" This 
is the secret: courage, a little skill, a world of faith. 

The ability to transform a mob of brave men into an 
army which can win victories is the rarest of all qualities, 
and especially rare in professional soldiers. The study of 
military science seems to blunt the power on which, above 
all other qualities, success depends. Grant had it, Viecause 
he assumed that his men were as willing to do their duty as 
he was himself. "Stonewall" Jackson had it, because his 
men saw in him an invincible determination aud a confidence 
in himself, which no failure could daunt and no obstacle 
])affle. He achieved apparent impossibilities because he 
lacked the power to doubt. Others developed it in greater 
or less degree as the war went on. General Wright was not 
of this type. As a cool, level-headed, faithful organizer.^ 
a man who kept all the threads of a great work, suddenly 
thrust upon him, steadily in hand, never once losing sight 
of any part by absorption in any other part, his administra- 
tion of the short-lived Department of the Ohio will always 
remain a testimony of the highest soldierly steadfastness 
and remarkaV)le executive ability. 

Few men have ever done so mucU under such hopeless 
conditions as he accomplished in his first month in this com- 
mand. He had not, however, the power to inspire men to 
supreme exertion; or, if he had, did not feel at liberty to 
take his hand off the throttle of the great engine under his 



70 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

control long enough to lead an army against the enemy 
which threatened the line committed to his care. To his 
credit be it said, however, he knew the man who could do 
this very thing, and begged, again and again, that Sheridan 
might be sent to command the army opposite Cincinnati. 
"Sheridan," he wrote to Halleck, '-would be worth his 
weight in gold." Given Sheridan to command the raw 
levies. General Wright promised that he would speedily 
drive Kirby Smith out of Kentucky. Had his prayer been 
granted, how different would have been the history of the 
next two months ! 

Instead of Sheridan, General Wright had as commander 
of his Army of Kentucky, Gen. William Nelson, a man, in 
spite of many excellencies, peculiarly unfitted for the task 
assigned him. Impetuous and daring to a fault, he lacked 
the power of conciliating and inspiring others. Long service 
in the navy had poorly prepared him for the command of 
volunteer troops, unless, by experience, they had come to 
appreciate his good qualities and overlook his harshness and 
severity. He lacked breadth and scope, and was without 
that subtlet}' which previses an enemy's purpose, or the self- 
control which foils an opponent by skilful disposition when- 
ever doubt exists with regard to his strength or purpose. 
He treated his superiors with arrogance and his inferiors 
with brutality. If invective could have destroyed, he would 
have annihilated both his enemies and his friends. Such a 
man, no matter what his military capacity, was certainly 
not likely to succeed in the command of raw troops, whose 
intelligence he insulted with profane diatribes, whose ardor 
he cooled by harsh rebuke, and whose effectiveness he well- 
nigh destroyed )ty lack of confidence. 

Besides this, he was an especial favorite with, and 
admirer of, General Buell, by whom he had been relieved 
from the command of his division, then lying at McMinn- 
ville, Tennessee, early in August, when the rumor of an 
invasion of Kentucky first arose, and with three of his bri- 
gade commanders, Generals Manson, Cruft, and James S. 



V 



THE JIELL -MARCH. 



71 



Jackson, assigned to command the forces in Ibis State. 
before be arrived, bowever, tbe Department of tbe Obio bad 
been created and General Wrigbt assigned to it. Tliis 
department emViraced Kentncky, Obio, Indiana, Illinois, and 
Micbigan, and put General Nelson and bis forces under Gen- 
eral Wrigbt's command. Wbetber Nelson regarded tbis as 
an affront to bimself or to General Buell, it is certain tbat 

be did not act in barmony 
witb bis new superior, 
bis conduct and language 
sometimes verging upon 
nisubordination. Tbor- 
ougbly imbued with the 
views and policy of bis 
old commander, he 
seemed unable to rid 
bimself of tbe idea tbat 
General Buell was still 
in control of bis move- 
ments. It was no doubt 
largely due to tbis un- 
fortunate bias in favor 
of bis commander, tbat 
General Nelson's dis- 
position of tbe forces 
in bis new command was, apparently, in direct viola- 
lion of tbe orders of bis department commander, and 
resulted in useless and inexcusable disaster. 

Hardly was the last belt-plate issued and tbe voucher 
for it signed, when tbe Thousand were ordered to tbe front. 

It was a hot, dusty ride to Lexington, eighty miles to 
the southward; but they were eager eyes which scanned 




SEiuiT. John F. Humiston, Co. E. 



John F. Humiston was born in Charleston, Portage County. Ohio, in 
1839. His parents moved to Chester, Geauga County, where he lived until 
the breaking out of the war. He enlisted in the 7th Ohio regimental band in 
July, 1861, and was discharged in June, 1862. Re-enlisting in the lOnih he. 
became a sergeant of Company E, and was mustered out with the regiment. 
He went to Minnesota in 1872. and is now engaged in the hardware trade at 
Huron Lake. Jackson County, of that State. 



72 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

from the roofs and doors of crowded freight-cars the unac- 
customed scene. What was the ineradicable stamp which 
slavery left upon the land and people which it touched? 
Hardly a score of the Thousand had ever been on slave ter- 
ritory before, and each felt at once its strange unaceus- 
tomedness. The houses, the fields, the people gathered at 
the stations, all bore the impress of another life. It was a 
surprise, almost, to hear the same language spoken; and 
one noted, instinctively, that the master had bound the 
slaves limbs, the slave had put his seal upon the master's 
tongue. It was '-Dixieland;" we felt its charm, though 
we did not define the cause. The grass was parched and 
sere upon the softly rounded hills; the pools were dry; the 
low branching oaks showed brown and dusty under the sum- 
mer sunshine; the wild wormwood grew rank and green 
above the stubble; the shorthorns I'oamed restlessly about, 
vexed with thirst and stung with flies. It was rich and 
beautiful, the famous Blue Grass region that unfolded itself 
before our appreciative gaze — but the Blue Grass region 
lying parched and glistening in the heat and dust of an 
almost unprecedented drouth. 

Yet even then, when at night we made our first bivouac 
on a sloping hillside, with a fringe of noble trees upon the 
crest, a tiny stream trickling from a placid pool that lay 
below a great spring-house, through the mossy stones of 
which its waters fell; a spacious mansion in a stateh' grove 
upon the opposite hill, with its white '-slave quarters" 
glistening in the moonlight, there was not one among them 
who did not feel, not only that he was in a foreign land, but 
that he had never looked upon a fairer scene. 

From the mansion there was no greeting. An overseer, 
with a. chronic snarl upon his face, came to inquire and object 
to our intrusion. A colored woman sold milk and butter 
at the spring-house until there was no more to sell. After 
the guards were set, black figures stole softly' down from 
the -'quarters," crept up to the sentinels, who, scrupulous 
in the discharge of their duties, kept the sergeant of the 



THE HELL -MARCH. 73 

guard busy bringing them to the oHicer on duty. They 
came into his presence with soft, apologetic steps, making 
excuse as the instinctive knowledge of character which 
slavery gave, taught them to do, asked a few questions; 
answered cautiously such questions as were asked, showing 
clearly that prescience of a result, which the wisest and 
most hopeful dared hardly anticipate, which marked the 
slave's view of the situation everywhere. After a little, 
they slipped away, one by one, the officer making no 
attempt to detain them. 

The har v'cst-moon shone brightly on the rows of sleep, 
ing men, each one of whom had his new rifle close beside 
him. Were they not on the very theater of action? 

This was the military situation when, on the 25tli of 
August, Adjutant Bobbins reported the Thousand to Gen- 
eral Nelson, in command of the District of Kentucky, at his 
headquarters in Lexington, eighty miles due south of Cin- 
cinnati, on the road to Cumberland Gap. Fifteen miles be- 
yond runs the Kentucky river; ten miles farther on is the 
town of Richmond, just beyond which were camped two 
brigades under General Manson, numbering about seven 
thousand men. There were troops at Lancaster; a brigade 
at Nicholasville; some regiments at Versailles; a camp at 
Frankfort, and two brigades at Lexington. These, with 
Dumont's division at Lebanon and other points on the 
Louisville and Nashville railroad, constituted the Army of 
Kentucky under General Nelson's command. General 
Boyle, at Louisville, and the garrisons of Bowling Green 
and Munfordville received orders directly from General 
Wright, the department commander. The troops in and 
about Lexington, General Nelson estimated a few days later, 
at sixteen thousand men. Seventy miles beyond Richmond, 
at Barboursville, lay the Confederate general, Kirby Smith, 
with the force he brought through Roger's and Big Creek 
Gaps. He was twenty-five miles to the rear of Cumberland 
Gap, where the Federal general, George W. Morgan, was 
shut up with seven thousand men. 



74 TIIK STORY OF A J HO US AX f). 

TlR-re were two unknown (juantitie.s in this situation: 
first, how many troops luid tiie Confederate general? 
second, what did he intend to do with tiiem? As to the 
first, General Smith's force had been reported all the way 
from fifteen hundred to thirty thousand men. They were 
veterans; the Federal forces about Lexington were all raw 
levies. General Wright seems to have thought Cincinnati was 
the Confederate objective. General Buell thought Smith in- 
tended to march westward, cut the railroad, and join Bragg 
in his expected movement on Nashville. General Nelson 
agreed, as usual, with General Buell. Indeed, his 
despatches read like an echo of his old commanders 
thought. 

The da}' before, August 'lAi\\. (ieneral Wright gave 
(jeneral Nelson this order: 

'•If the enemy is in force, get your troops togetlier 
and do not risk a general battle at Richmond, unless you 
are sure of success. Better fall Ixick to a more defensible 
position, say the Kentucky river, than risk much." 

To this General Nelson had replied, from ]..exington, 
on the same day. 

••The enemy variously estimated from tifteeii hundred 
to eight thousand at or near Richmond. I fear it is Kirby 
Smith that has come up. I will go to Richmond myself 
tonight. ' 

Clinging fast to the hypothesis, that General Smith's 
objective was the Louisville and Nashville railroad, which 
he wished to cut, en route to join Bragg in his expected 
move upon Nashville, General Nelson seems to have con- 
cluded that he would march west from Rogersville and 
London, rather than advance on Lexington, through Rich- 
mond. To meet this purely hypothetical and wholly ab- 
surd movement, instead of obeying the explicit order of his 
department commander, he directed Dumont to march U) 
l)an\ille, and sent Jackson with his brigade to Nicholas- 
vdle, intending to concentrate at Lancaster to intercept the 
eneniv. Had his views of the Confederate general's 



TIIK IIKLL-MAUVH. 1^ 

strengtU tiud purpose been correct, the combiuatiou he 
planned might liave been well enough; as against a superior 
force of veteran troops, under an enterprising leader, it 
was a movement which should never have been attempted. 

The simple fact is that General Nelson believed Gen- 
eral Smiths strength did not exceed eight thousand men, 
that.being the number of the two divisions which had made the 
wonderful march through Roger's Gap under his immediate 
command, entirely omitting from his estimate Heth's divi- 
sion of seven thousand, who came through Big Creek Gap, 
the brigade of cavalry which preceded them, and the five 
thousand from Stevenson's command, with which General 
Smith had been reinforced. Because he chose not to be- 
lieve these reports, he felt at liberty to disobey the com- 
mand of his superior. 

While the Thousand slept in their first bivouac, Gen- 
eral Bragg's order for his army to move out of the Sequat- 
chie valley by way of Sparta, en route to Glasgow, Ken- 
tucky, was being carried to his corps commanders. On 
that night, BuelFs adjutant-general. Colonel Fry, telegraphed 
from the headquarters of his chief, who was waiting to be 
attacked at Decherd, Tennessee, to General Rousseau, at 
Huntsville, Alabama: "No fight; Bragg is very slow; if he 
wants one, he can have it. We are all ready."' 

Bragg was indeed "slow," — a whole week behind the 
date he had fixed to begin his march to meet Smith in Cen- 
tral Kentucky; but it would be still another week, when he 
had crossed the Cumberland river without opposition, be- 
fore the credulous and self-conscious Buell would believe 
that he was going to Kentucky instead of coming to fight 
him upon a battlefield near Murfreesborough, for which he 
made special inquiry four days later, as we have seen. 

There were four days of quiet camp-life — the very 
poetry of war. The tents were pitched in a magnificent 
grove: a hundred acres of brown pasture, baked with drouth 
until it echoed like a tiled floor beneath the tread, served a^s 
our drill-ground. We mocked at rumors of impending 



70 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

peril, because we heard that our commaiider did so and read 
the veracious reports which appeared in the journals of the 
North. War news was manufactured far more readily then, 
and in more slipshod fashion than would be tolerated now. 
Anything to fill a column, the more startling and improb- 
able it was the better, seemed to be the rule. In that way, 
the men who fought the battles became terribly tangled in 
regard to what really happened and what was reported to 
have happened. Not seldom the latter has gone upon the 
record as veritable history, and the former been forgotten 
or regai'ded as merely fanciful. 

The days were full of duty; study and drill for otHcers 
and men alike. Squad and company movements, the man- 
ual of arms, and the simplest of battalion maneuvers were 
practised with the utmost assiduity. No such luxury as 
target-shooting was indulged, nor was volley-firing permit-, 
ted, except to the guard, who were allowed to fire their 
guns when relieved from duty. Because of this privilege, 
detail for guard duty was then as eagerly sought for as it 
came afterwards to be avoided. Fortunately, most of the 
regiment had been used to firearms from boyhood. Tlif 
routine of loading was somewhat diilerent, but the general 
handling of the piece was the same. Our arms were the 
Springfield muzzle-loaders, an excellent weapon of its kind. 
But one cannot help wondering now, why was it not until 
June, 18G3, that the magazine rifle was first used in action 
by our soldiers? It was not because they were not procur- 
able, for a half-dozen firms were pressing their adoption on 
the government. There were two reasons given: one that 
there was a job behind the delay on which the fortunes of 
some of our statesmen depended; another, that the officers 
of the regular army thought it an unjustifiable extravagance 
to put rapid-firing guns into the hands of vi^lunteers. They 
insisted that only long training could prepare the soldier 
to use the muzzle-loader efl'ectually, and, of course, a much 
longer period would be necessary to teach them to load and 
fire a breech-loader. The reasoniuii was not entirelv without 



THE HELL-MARCH. 77 

fault, but it is characteristic of the class to which it wa? 
attributed, that one is inclined to believe both stories, and 
conclude that our army was deprived of more efficient weap- 
ons for two years, by the combined forces of prejudice and 
profit. Possibly, neither is the true reason; perhaps it was 
genuine fear that the more intricate mechanism of the mag- 
azine breech-loader unfitted it for army use. At any rate, 
the fact remains, and the Thousand learned its manual with 
the cheerful ring of the iron ramrods in the empty barrels, 
to aid the officer in timing his commands in firing-drill. 

On the 30th of August, the ninth day after muster-in, 
the regiment was engaged, between drills, in drawing the 
last of our equipments, blankets, overcoats and shoes. 
Hitherto, we had had only a half a blanket apiece, and even 
this supply was somewhat short; but in the dog-days a 
little cover suffices. Most of the men had supplied them- 
selves with rubber ponchos. The heavy double blankets 
which the placid quartermaster and his hustling sergeant 
deposited in every company street looked terribly burden- 
some to the perspiring soldiers, Avhose knapsacks were 
already full to bursting with the clothing which a generous 
government had heaped upon them with a too lavish hand. 
They had no more need of overcoats and double blankets in 
August, in the very stress of a Kentucky drouth, than they 
had for foot-stoves or warming-pans; but they had not yet 
learned to limit their demands to their necessities, and hav- 
ing a chance to draw supplies, supposed the correct thing 
was to take all that was going. Whoever ordered requisi- 
tions for winter clothing at that time, earned some deserved 
curses during the six eventful days that followed, and many 
more, afterwards, when the men came to realize how this 
extra clothing had eaten into their pay accounts. 

The issue was but half-completed when the long-roll 
sounded for the first time in earnest. How the palpitating 
drums throbbed and echoed! How the quickening pulses 
answered! In all the world there is nothing like this instant, 
imperative call to arms. In a moment all els" is forgotten. 



78 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

'•Fall iu!" echoes from end to end of the camp. The men 
lounging in their shirt-sleeves run for their clothes and 
equipments. Officers rush to their quarters and don their 
side-arms. All over the camp is the buzz of wondering 
inquiry, the snapping of belt-plates, and the hum of hurried 
preparation. Orderlies align their companies and begin 
their roll-calls. The adjutant passes down the line giving 
a hurried verbal order to each company commander: 

"The regiment will move in an hour in light marching 
order, with two days' rations, and forty rounds of ammuni- 
tion! " 

The rations were unobtainable, but the ammunition 
was distributed, and the quartermaster ordered to follow 
Avith the rations. There were rumors of a fight in progress. 
The rumble of artillery had come to us on the sultr\' air 
just as the afternoon drill began; some said it was artil- 
lery, while others thought it thunder. There had been four 
heavy detonations in rapid succession, and then silence. 

Just as the sun went down the Thousand marched out 
of its first camp, on its way towards a field of battle where 
the fight had already been lost. It was our first march. 
The road was the rough stone pike so common in Kentucky 
and Tennessee. It was past midnight when we halted, a 
dozen miles from Lexington, and throwing out pickets in 
front and on the flanks, lay down in a cornfield in line of 
battle and slept until dawn. Then we moved forward 
nearly to the Kentucky line, where we halted to allow the 
shattered fragments of a defeated army to pass us to 
the rear. 

This time it was not the unexpected that happened: 
what had been clearly and unmistakably indicated, had 
occurred. Kirby Smith had marched from Barboursville 
on the morning of the twenty-seventh. On the twenty- 
ninth his cavalry had driven in General Hanson's pickets. 
That officer had formed his brigade and marched forward 
two or three miles, driving back the Confederate advance- 
guard in a sharp skirmish. He did not send any order to 



TlIK UKLL MARCH. 79 

General Cruft, oomuiiiudiug the other brigade, two miles in 
his rear. It is evident that he shared the general belief, 
that instead of an invading force, the troops in front were 
a mere raiding party, which he coveted the glory of dis- 
persing without assistance. So, instead of retreating, as 
the department commander had ordered, behind the Ken- 
tucky river, he advanced with only half his force and gave 
battle. Elated by apparent success, he fancied that he 
had driven back the whole force of the enemy, and sent a 
message to the commander of his other brigade, that he 
could maintain his position and needed no assistance. So, 
a little army of less than eight thousand raw levies lay all 
night in front of double their number of veterans, gather- 
ing through the jiight to overwhelm them. As if this were 
not odds enough, the Union general had divided his little 
force into two parts, with an interval of five miles between 
them. Before the fight began he had reported to General 
Nelson, at Lexington, that the enemy had appeared in his 
front and he '-anticipated an engagement." Nelson imme- 
diately sent orders to him not to fight, but to retreat on the 
Lancaster road. With his usual impetuosity, which coun- 
ted an order made as already executed. Nelson, racked 
with gout, procured a buggy and started for Lancaster, 
lavishing curses upon all whom he conceived in :iny way 
responsible for the discomfort he suffered. 

He expected, very unreasonably, to find Mansou at 
Lancaster, where he arrived at half-past nine on tlie morn- 
ing of the thirtieth. Instead, he heard the boommg of 
cannon in the direction of Richmond. Procuring fresh 
horses, he set out in the direction of the firing, and stealing 
along unfrequented byways, at half -past two in the after- 
noon he came upon the field already lost beyond the hope 
of recovery. He rode among the fleeing fugitives frenzied 
with rage, raining curses and blows upon them, commanding 
them to stand and fight. A few obeyed ; a wavering line 
was foi'ined. The enemy advanced with their accustomed 
yell; there were a few hasty volleys; then the line gave way 



80 THE SrORY OF A THOUSAND. 

aud the tide of fugitives surged to t)ie rear, only to be 
liemmed in by the enemy's cavalry, which swarmed ahead 
of the wings and enveloped the doomed multitude as in a 
net. Wounded in the foot, raging with pain and chagrin. 
Nelson somehow escaped and reached Lexington during the 
night of the thirtieth. Graft's brigade had been brought 
forward before Nelson's arrival on the field, and was in- 
volved in the general rout. The loss was 210 killed, 844 
wounded, and 4800 captured. One-third of the Army of 
Kentucky had been practically annihilated. The blame, as 
usual, was laid upon the troops, who were said to have been 
•struck with a panic," and " being raw troops, broke and 
ran after a few volleys," instead of upon the rash and in- 
capable general to whose blindness and flagrant disobedi- 
ence of orders this great disaster was clearly due. 

With this tide of defeat, the Thousand returned to 
Lexington, where they arrived at nine o'clock at night in 
the midst of a drenching shower, only to meet an order to 
go on picket. They had marched with hardly half a day's 
rations instead of the amount ordered, that being all the 
(quartermaster could supply, and few had eaten since morn- 
ing. These facts being reported, the order to go on picket 
was revoked, and they were directed to bivouac in the 
market-house, where coffee and an abundant supply of 
bread and meat were served to them. It was midnight 
when we sank to rest after our first march — a march of 
twenty-eight miles in less than thirty' hours — on the rough 
pavement of the market-place, a foot. so re and weary mul. 
titude. 

On the morrow, the evacuation of Lexington began. 
At eight o'clock we were ordered out on the Nicholasville 
pike. All day long the work of destroying government 
stores which had accumulated at this point went on. The 
smoke of their burning hung over the city, while clouds of 
dust rose from the roads to the westward leading to Ver- 
sailles and Frankfort, on which our wagon-trains were 
already in motion. To the south and southeastward were 



THE UELL -MARCH. 81 

other dust-clouds, showing the course of the main body of 
the enemy, who, having crossed the Kentucky river, were 
advancing on Lexington, and of Heth's division, which 
reached Winchester that afternoon. The day was setting 
when the Thousand marched through the streets of Lexing- 
ton — the last regiment of the Army of Kentucky on its re. 
treat to Louisville, ninety-five miles away, as the crow flies, 
a hundred and more by the roads we were to take. A small 
battalion of cavalry waited at the outskirts of the town for 
us to pass. They were to constitute the mounted rear- 
guard. Some time in the night they missed the way and 
followed the first division of the wagon-train, which had 
taken another road, leaving us on the eleventh da}' of our 
service in the most trying of all military positions, that of 
rear-guard of an army fleeing from a victorious foe. So far 
as the enemy's infantry were concerned, we had one full 
day's start of them. Their cavalry might, indeed, overtake 
us, but if we succeeded in crossing the Kentucky river be- 
fore they did so, we would be secure from attack thereafter. 
This river flows through a deep and precipitous gorge, mak- 
ing it practically impassable, save by bridge or ferry, below 
a point nearly due south from Lexington. If the enem}' 
had crossed his main force to the right bank of the river, as 
seemed probable, we had only to cross to the left bank, at 
Clifton and Frankfort and destroy three or four bridges 
to be safe from his pursuit for several days. If he divided 
his forces and left part upon the left bank, he would 
have this impassable barrier between them. This it 
was not at all likely he would do. When, therefore, we 
passed through Lexington and took the road to Versailles, 
we supposed the plan of retreat was to cross that river, de- 
stroy the bridges and ferries, and make it, at least, a tem- 
porary line of defense. The knowledge that before another 
nightfall we might be safe beyond this great defensive bar- 
rier buoyed us up with that strange confidence a soldier 
feels when he believes that his commander has outwitted 
bis antagonist. 



83 77/ A' srORY OF A rilOU8AND. 

The day before, General Nelson, suffering from the 
pain of his wound and the chagrin of his defeat at Rich- 
mond, had relinquished the command of the Army of Ken- 
tucky. This devolved the command of the forces about 
Lexington either upon General James S. Jackson, com- 
manding the cavalry brigade, or General Charles Cruft, the 
junior brigadier in the disastrous fight at Richmond. 
Neither of these officers being professional soldiers, desired 
to assume a merely temporary command at so critical a junc- 
ture. General Horatio G. Wright, commanding the de 
partment, therefore assumed the responsibility of usurping 
the constitutional powers of the President, and appomted 
Capt. C. C. Gilbert, of the First regular infantry, a major- 
general, and assigned him to the command of the Army of 
Kentucky during General Nelson's disability. At the same 
time, and in the same curious manner, Capt, William R. 
Terrill, of the Fifth regular artillery, was made a brigadier- 
general. 

It was under the command of General Gilbert, with 
Generals Jackson, Cruft, and Terrill as subordinates, that 
the retreat to Louisville was made. No report of this 
movement is to be found in the Official Record of the War 
of Rebellion, either by the officer in command or any of his 
subordinates. This is especially singular when we reflect 
that General Gilbert was a great stickler for regularity, and 
his command must have consisted of at least eight thousand 
infantry, witli two regiments of cavalry and three batteries 
of artillery. What accessions it received at Versailles and 
Frankfort is unknown. Surely, so important a movement 
of so considerable an army at so critical a time, was not of 
so little importance as to be unworthy of a report. The 
artillery was under the command of General Terrill. The 
cavalry rear-guard was commanded by Captain Gay, who 
was soon after made chief of cavalry of the Army of Ken- 
tucky, and then assigned to the same position in the Army 
of Ohio. He was another instance of a regular army cap- 
tain assigned to high command without regard to the rank of 
his volunteer subordinates. 



THE UK L J. -MARC II. 83 

It had not rained for many weeks save the shower of 
the night before, which had hardly reached a mile west of 
Lexington. The dust lay ankle deep upon the hard, hot, 
limestone pike. The forces that preceded us with their 
numerous wagons, had raised a cloud which hung over the 
road, shutting out even the walls and fences on either side. 
The setting sun shone red and dim through the yellow mass. 
Each man was weighed down with knapsack and accoutre- 
ments. We knew nothing of our destination, or the length 
of the march before us. Had the knapsacks been burned 
at' the outset, many more would have reached the goal. 
Men were invisible a few steps away; near at hand, they 
could only be distinguished by their voices. There were 
frequent halts, but no rest. When the column ahead got 
jammed up on itself, we waited until it straightened out. 
Sometimes it was a minute, sometimes ten or twenty min- 
utes. The yellow, acrid dust settled on beard and hair, 
got into the eyes and mouth, and burned the parched 
throat; while the perspiration made muddy channels down 
every face. 

The night fell hot and murky. The dust-cloud shut 
out the stars. By and by the moon rose; the night grew 
chill, but still the dust rose in choking clouds. The orders 
forbade details to leave the road in search of water. Men 
were sent on in advance, in hope that thay might fill the 
canteens before the wells were drained. Long before mid- 
night net a drop remained. In spite of orders, a few men 
were sent out to search for water. It was a strange country. 
The pools and streams were dr}'. The wells had been 
exhausted by those in front. Many of the people were 
compelled to haul water from a distance for domestic use. 
These details returned empty-handed as the others had 
done. About this time colored men came, one by one, and 
offered to bring water, to carry guns or knapsacks, — any- 
thing, if they could only follow us. They were loaded 
down with canteens and accompanied by a few men started 
for water. An hour after they returned, staggering under 



84 THE HTORY OF A TlfOUSANJ). 

their loads of drippiug canteens. Was ever water half so 
sweet! Yet we had scarcely begun to know what 
thirst is. 

The march would have been a severe one to seasoned, 
unencumbered veterans; to these men. yet foot-sore, galled. 
and weary from their first long marcli, and weighted down 
with knapsacks, overcoats, and bhmkets, in addition to 
ammunition and accoutrements, it was terrible. After a 
time, the men ceased to scatter to the roadside when there 
came a halt. They had no strength to spare, and the road- 
side was almost as dusty as the pike. So they merely knelt 
down in their places, bowed themselves forward to relieve 
the strain on the straps that galled and cut int(j the shoul- 
der, and slept. In the moonlight they looked like heaps 
(jf dust, or pilgrims fallen asleep at prayer. At the word, 
they stumbled to their feet, sometimes awake, sometimes 
asleep, and staggered on. The ambulances were soon full. 
It was said, there were wagons somewhere in front in which 
those who were unable to go further might l)e transported. 
But when a man can go no farther, such provision is of 
little good. "We were the rear of the column; back of us 
was only our own rear-guard and the enemy. 

There were several alarms during the night; firing off 
at the left, then at the right, then in our rear. It was 
probably marauding bands of guerrillas, who set upon our 
men in search of water. Once we were stampeded. There 
iiad been a longer halt than usual. The dusty fugitives 
knelt in the road, or were stretched out beside it. There 
was an uproar at the rear; the sound of galloping hoofs 
upon the pike. There was a cry of "Rebs!"' "Cavalr}-! "' 
Every sleeping figure sprang suddenly to life. Men ran 
over each other, stumbled, sprawled headlong, then rose 
and fled over the wall into an adjoining field; across that 
to a bit of wood. When the pike was clear, a big, gray 
mule came charging down it, frisking his tail, and making 
night hideous with his discordant bray. One lieutenant, 
who found himself, on waking, pinioned between two rocks, 



THE JlELL-yfARCH. Sr, 

had no sooner extricated himself than, impressed with the 
ludicrousness of the situation, he posted himself in the 
middle of the pike, and between roars of laughter began to 
shout: "'Fall in, One Hundred and Fifth Ohio!" He was 
cursed with a gift of mimicry, and it may be that half- 
unconsciously he imitated the tones of his superiors; l)ut 
he had no purpose to give offense, nor any idea that his 
levity would disturb any one's self-complacency, until a 
man who was tugging at a bridle-rein remarked that he did 
not "see anything to make such a damned clamor over,' 
adding, "You seem to think it funny, but we shall never 
hear the last of that darned mule! " 

Sure enough, we never have. At each reunion that 
beast is trotted out, and now everybody laughs at our 
" mule stampede." The lieutenant had to pay a sore price 
for his untimely jest, but in that case, as in many another, 
" he laughs best who laughs last." 

The morning was already hot and lurid as the dusty 
column crept through Versailles, and after an hour's halt 
for breakfast, pressed on toward Frankfort. The enemy 
had followed the cavalry by way of Big Spring, so that our 
rear was undisturbed until we were in sight of Frankfort. 
The sun was going down when we reached the capital of 
Kentucky. It is but twenty-nine miles from Lexington by 
the most direct route. The one by which we had come was 
half a dozen more. It could hardly be termed a mai'ch; it 
was a flight. 

For the first time the Thousand saw at Frankfort, the 
semblance of an army. The streets were full of trains. 
Lines of blue-couted, dusty men found their way between 
them or lay stretched upon the sidewalks. The cavalry 
came scurrying in upon their jaded horses, reporting the 
enemy in force only a little way out. Columns were march- 
ing heavil}- this way and that, taking positions covering 
the roads from the eastward. Guns were posted on com- 
manding eminences. Despite the seeming confusion, there 
were not lacking evidences of order. For a half. hour we 



8(3 



TJIK STORY OF A TllOUHAND. 



lay upon a gentle slope which overlooked the valley, and 
watched the dispositions made for defense. We could see 
the long line of wagons moving toward the bridge, and 
stretching from the bridge away westward. It was evident 
that there was to be no long delay at this point, and equally 
evident that it was to be held until the trains had crossed 
the river. 

Thus far, we had known almost nothing of our com- 
manding officers. "We understood that we were in Colonel 

Anderson's brigade, 
and Gen. James S. 
Jackson's division; but 
as to what composed 
either the brigade or 
the division, we were 
w it ho u t knowledge. 
Even now it is almost 
impossible to ascertain 
the facts. "We knew 
that General Jackson 
was a Kentuckian, who 
had been in command 
of the cavalry of the 
Army of Kentucky be- 
fore the fight at Rich- 
mond. Strangely 
CoKP. Bliss Morse, Co. D. enough, these two facts 

did much to inspire confidence in him. The raw recruit has 
always a most exaggerated idea of the efficiency of cavalry, 
and the Confederate general, John H. Morgan, had already 
made famous the Kentucky cavalry. Then, too, there was a 
))ewildering intricacv in southern roads to those accustomed 




Bliss Morse was born November 11, 1837, in LeRoy, Lake County, Ohio, 
lived on his fathei's farm until he enlisted in Company D, of which he was 
made corporal, and mustered out with the regiment in that capacity He was 
in nearly all the operations of the regiment; was among those captured with 
the forage train on January 21, 1863. in front of Murfreesborough. The writer 
is indebted to him for the account given of the treatment accorded the 
enlisted men on that occasion. His home is now at Breckinridge. Mo. 



TUK HRLL-MAR<ni. 87 

only to the ])ariillol rtjtuls iind cross-roads of the sections 
!ind townships of the northwest. Going over the hills or 
.'iround them, with no apparent regard to direction; crossed 
here and there by more or less used country roads ; inter- 
sected everywhere with bridle-paths and private ways, the 
northern soldier, until he became accustomed to it, was 
sure to get lost whenever he tried to find his way anywhere 
except upon the main roads that led from one important 
l)oint to another. We assumed that, being a Kentuckian. 
General Jackson was able to meet the Confederate cavalry 
on even terms. We were to make his acquaintance that 
night, not altogether pleasantly. 

As we entered the city, we found a company of fifty 
or more special constables ranged on each side the street, 
and having in custody a number of colored men who had 
i)een taken, not without remonstrance, from among the 
ranks of the regiments which preceded us. These men 
were slaves who had taken this method to escape from 
Itondage. They represented to their masters, and to every 
inhabitant of a slaveholding community, simply so much 
money. The taking them from their masters, or aiding 
them to escape, was, in the estimation of people accustomed 
to the legal estate of slavery, the most infamous of crimes 
— a crime so despicable, indeed, as to debase the white man 
who was guilty of it, to the lowest possible level of popular 
contempt. Of this fact, the men who composed the Thou- 
sand were only dimly conscious. They knew, of course, 
that it was a technical violation of law to aid a slave's es- 
cape; but so absolutely antipodal was the state of society 
from which they came, that it was there looked upon as one 
of the least blameworthy of crimes, while to willingly aid 
in returning a fugitive to slavery would have exposed one to 
almost universal contumely. 

The policy of the government in the early days of the 
war had been to return all fugitives who came into our 
lines; afterwards, the return of fugitives to disloyal owners 
in states in rebellion was prohibited, while in other states 



88 THK STOUT OF A THOUSAND. 

the uimy was forbidden to interfere with the operation of 
the state laws; that is, the Federal troops were to stand 
neutral, neither taking the slave from his master nor com- 
pelling him to I'eturn. This policy developed a curious 
conflict of authority. Of course, a commanding officer 
could not be re(][uh-ed to admit every one within his lines who 
claimed to be in search of a fugitive, nor was he required to 
presume that every colored man was a slave. Some officers 
naturally construed the general orders upon the subject 
freely in favor of the master, and allowed any one who 
claimed to be in search of a runaway free access to their 
camps. Others construed them strictly in favor of the slave, 
and demanded not only the identification and location of 
the slave within their lines, but also proof of ownership, 
before they would allow the master to take him, except with 
his own consent. In like manner, (jrders intended to pre- 
vent fugitives from seeking shelter in the camps, were con- 
strued to prevent the master from entering. 

In every Southern State the apprehension and return 
of runaway slaves to their masters was a profitable Ijusiness. 
Any one was authorized to arrest a colored num. traveling 
without a written pass or duly authorized free papers, and 
lodge him in jail. A description of him was then pub- 
lished, and the owner had to pay a certain sum for his ap- 
prehension, the sheriff's fee for advertising, board, and 
other legal charges. Knowing that many slaves would seek 
to escape with the retreating army, a large force of deputies 
was set to watch the columns as the army passed through 
Frankfort, and arrest every colored man on the chance 
of his being a runaway. Not only was this proceed- 
ing abhorrent to the sentiment of the northern soldiers, but 
they felt especially grateful toward those who had brought 
water and borne their burden during the terrible march of 
the preceding night. No doubt the colonel shared this feel- 
ing. At any rate, the command was halted, bayonets 
fixed, and with closed ranks and shouldered arms we entered 
the city. A few colored men, still loaded with burdens, 



THE llKLL-MAltVU. 89 

walked between the files. Tlie coustultle.s made :i rush 
here and there. The lowered guns obstructed them. 
There were threats and blows; several of the men were 
struck; there was a rumor that one or two of the constables 
were hurt. We marched on, some of the constables fol- 
lowing, and were halted on the pavement in front of the 
State-house. It was growing dark. Fires were lighted in 
the streets, and water heated to make coffee when the ra- 
tions should be procured. A. guard was set outside the line 
of gun-stacks. One or two frightened negroes were hidden 
under heaps of knapsacks and blankets, next the wall. Tliv 
constables watched across the way. There was a clatter of 
hoofs, and General Jackson with some of his staff and a 
few of his body-guard, halted opposite the center. 

"Who commands this regiment? "" 

In the temporary absence of his superiors, the major 
stepped forward and saluted. 

'• What regiment is it? " 

"The One Hundred and Fifth Ohio." 

"I am told your men resisted the officers, wiio sought 
to arrest a lot of runaway niggers. ' 

" A lot of men with clul)s and pistols caused consider- 
able confusion by trying to ])reak through our ranks," saul 
the major. 

"They were officers, sir, "" answered the General. 
" Several of them were injured." His tones were loud an<l 
angry. The men crowded up to the guard-line to hear. 
The firelight shone on the guns and the bright trappings of 
the general's suite. 

"I understand some of the men were hurt, also," 
responded the major. 

" Served them right; they should not have resisted the 
officers of the law." 

"The officers ought not to have oltstructed our march," 
was the quiet reply. 

"Did they have any warrants? " piped a voice from 
the sidewalk. A law student in the ranks was airing his 
acquirements. 



90 THE STORY OF A THOUSANB. 

"It is not necessary — any man has a riglit to arrest a 
runaway negro in Kentucky,"' replied one of the staff. 

"You will put the men who assaulted the otticers 
under arrest," the general commanded. 

The major bowed. 

One of the constables stepped forward and spoke to 
the general. 

"Could you identif}' him? " he asked. -'A slight man, 
with a mustache, you say? Really, there seem to be several 
such here — looks as if they were mostly all boys," he added, 
with a smile, as he glanced up and down the firelit lines of 
dusty faces. This remark was greeted by a laugh. 

"What has become of the niggers — the runaways? " 
inquired the general. 

The major shook his head. 

" How do you tell a runaway nigger from any other? " 
asked one in the crowd. 

" There is one of them now, ' interrupted one of the 
general's attendants, pointing to the right of the regiment, 
where Captain Edwards' servant, Ned, was preparing sup- 
per for the officers of Company A. The general spurred 
his horse toward the man. A dozen voices shouted to Ned, 
who turned to run. 

"Stop, you black rascal!" shouted the general. "Who 
do you belong to? " he continued, as he reined up beside 
the trembling man, who stood, coffee-pot in hand, looking 
up at his questioner. 

" He is my servant, sir," said Captain Edwards, rising 
from the curbstone and saluting. Edwards was the nattiest 
officer in the regiment, and despite the hard march we had 
been through, was as trim a soldier as one need ever hope 
to see. 

" Your servant? AVhere did you get him? I know the 
nigger— have seen him in Lexington. Who do you belong 
to? " he repeated, addressing Ned. 

The captain answered for him. "I brougiit him from 
home; he is on the rolls as my servant." 



TIJK JJK LI. -MARCH. 91 

" Be jabers,"' said one of Company A, eoolly, " thin 
he belongs to Uncle Sam, the same as the rist av us! " 

•' Major," said Ibe general to that officer, who bad fol- 
lowed bini down the line, "do you know that nigger? " 

"I have understood that be is Captain Edwards' 
servant. "' 

' Did he bring him from Ohio?" 

'' 1 don't know. " 

''Is be a free man? ' 

'* I know nothing about it." 

•• You are all At)olition nigger-stealers, " said the gen- 
eral, botly. '' I know the man: you can take him.'" 

The constable advanced toward Ned. 

'' I don't see,"' said one of the onlookers, " that it is 
very much worse to steal a slave than to steal a free man, 
and not half as likely to be profitable. ' 

'* I wonder what old Abe would say to that sort of 
'contraband' business," said another; in the darkness it 
was impossible to defcignate individuals. 

These suggestions seemed to be not without weight to 
the general, whose new hon<ns could only ripen into veri- 
table rank liy presidential approval. 

''Nevermind," he said to the constable; " I may be 
mistaken. Major, you will see that the man is forthcoming 
when he is wanted. We cant stop to hunt up evervl)ody's 
runawtiy niggers, now." 

He turned and galloped down the street, while Ned 
proceeded with his duties. There was no braver or more 
loyal soldier than Gen. James S. Jackson. He had served 
his country in the war with Mexico; was a member of the 
Thirty- first Congress, and was one of the first of the Union 
men of the South to spring to arms. This incident serves, 
feebly enough, to show the strength of sentiment which 
such men had to combat in the performance of duty. The 
country for which they gave so much, has been strangely 
unappreciative of a class who sacrificed more than any other 
for their devotion to it. 



92 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

The incident shows how far apart in moral sentiment 
were the gal hint general and the troops he led — the one 
lighting for the Union to save slavery, the other inspired 
by hope for its destruction. It was a strange fate which 
decreed that the last sight that met his eyes should be the 
very " nigger-stealers " whom he contemned, rushing for- 
ward into the jaws of death to execute the last order that 
fell from his lips. 

It was ten o'clock when the weary detail brought with 
dragging feet the rations they had been hours in seeking. 
Coffee was quickly made; a half-cooked meal was eaten, 
and we sank again to slumber. At two o'clock we were 
roused by whispered orders. The city was quiet save for 
the careful tread of moving columns and the steady rumble 
of wagons crossing the bridge on the pike beyond. Our 
destination was now clear. Frankfort, lying on both sides 
of the Kentucky river, offered a fairly good defensive posi- 
tion against the progress of an enemy upon the right bank 
of the river, to which the Confederates had evidently 
crossed. A very small force, by destroying the bridges, 
could here delay a pursuing army for several days. If the 
retreat was necessary, as it no doubt was, to leave the 
bridges standing after we crossed, would be the gravest 
of military crimes. But the authorities of Kentucky pro- 
tested against the bridges being burned. So they were left 
standing until the enemy, in turn, found it necessary to 
retreat. Then they were burned. 

The foot-sore and exhausted soldiers were with ditti- 
culty roused fj-om sleep. It is little wonder. Within four 
days they had marched seventy miles; laid in line of battle 
one night and marched all of another. P^very foot was 
blistered; every muscle was sore. Heavy with sleep they 
staggered to their places in the line, the stronger aiding the 
weaker ones. There were moans and curses. Some of the 
stoutest of yesterday were now the laintest. Slowly we 
dragged our way to our position in the retreating column 
and stumbled painfully along in the darkness. With the 



THE HELL-MARCn. !)'i 

(lawn cume the sound of tiring i:i our rear. Tlie enemy's 
cavalry had crossed the bridge we kindly left standing for 
their accommodation. A line of ])attle was formed upon a 
range of hills that lay across the pike. The men cheeied 
as they filed out of the cloud of dust, at the prospect of 
being allowed to fight. As we flung ourselves upon the 
ground in the line of battle, it was with the feeling that we 
would rather die than retreat farther. But the enemy did 
not attack. As a matter of fact, his force was insignifi- 
cant; but, having once underestimated his strength, our 
officers had now gone to the other extreme and greatly 
overrated it. 

Several times during the day, this maneuver was re- 
peated. The march grew more and more difficult with each 
hot and dusty mile. Men dropped unconscious from heat 
and thirst. Water was still scarce. Every well and spring 
was drained. Men crowded about them, pushing, scramb- 
ling, often fighting for a few muddy drops. Tormented by 
heat and thirst, and almost smothered by dust, we dragged 
through the long hours of that day, bivouacking at night 
by the roadside, with no water save what was found after a 
long search in some stagnant pools two miles away. 

At one o'clock came the order to move, and we again 
plodded on, halting every few minutes, the men dropping 
on their faces in the dust, would be asleep almost before 
the command was given. When the word came to march, 
many of them would rise and stagger on, still asleep. 
That day we marched until eight o'clock at night, and then 
bivouacked, for the first time since leaving Lexington, in a 
green field with plenty of good water. The next day, Sep- 
tember 5th, a little after noon, we reached the suburbs of 
Louisville, where we were to remain in camp for a month. 

The Thousand had been under arms continuously, on 
the march, on picket or in line of battle, ever since the sun- 
set of August 30th, six days, less three hours. In that 
tim6, they had marched about one hundred and forty miles, 
an average of twenty-three miles for each twenty-four 



94 TJIK STORT OF A THOUSAND. 

hours. During this time, they had slept in line of battle 
on the night of the thirtieth, three hours; five hours in Lex- 
ington, the night of the thirty-first; inarched all the night 
of September first; halted six hours in Frankfort, the night 
of the second; halted five hours the night of the third; slept 
eight hours the night of the fourth; making in the whole 
six days, only twenty-seven hours of sleep. The heat was 
overwhelming; the dust suffocating; the hot lime-stone pikes 
scorched the blistered feet. Water was vefy scarce and of 
the poorest quality. Such a march would have been a 
trying and terrible ordeal for the toughest veterans. 

After three years of service, more than two hundred of 
the survivors have testified that it was the severest work re- 
quired of them. At its close, hardly one-third of the reg- 
iment was fit for duty. Scores were permanently disabled. 
The ultimate loss was greater than that sustained in any ac- 
tion in which the regiment afterwards participated. It is 
fitly designated the "Hell-March." It was a terrible ex- 
perience for men who had hardly marched a mile before, 
and whose service only numbered fifteen days when it was 
ended. 

General Nelson, in the meantime, had arrived at Louis- 
ville, and soon after resumed command. With his custom- 
ary impatience, he made a great clamor over the fact that 
a considerable number of men had straggled from the col- 
umn on this march, and been captui'ed and paroled by the 
enemy. These he denounced as cowards and malingerers, 
as if their fault had been wilful, and not the natural result 
of exhausted nature. That a column of eight thousand in- 
fantry, all of them troops of less than a month's service, 
should make such a march with a loss of less than five hun- 
dred men, is to the credit, rather than the discredit, of the 
regiments of which it was composed. The irate general, 
however, demanded that the severest punishments be im- 
posed upon all such. Moved by this action of his superior, 
no doubt. Colonel Hall, forgetful of the strain his men hail 
been called upon to bear, ordered that the entry, "strag- 



lUM UKLI.-MARVII. 95 

ofled on tlie retreat from Lexington," should l)e placed on 
the muster-rolls against the names of all who fell out, and 
that they also be deprived of six months' pay. The order 
itself was a military offense hardly less grave than that 
charged against its victims. Leaving out of consideration 
the fact that the colonel had no power to make an order de- 
priving an enlisted man of pay at his own discretion, it 
should be remembered that these men were condemned, 
without trial, for an offense of which most of them were 
not guilty. By far the greater number were undoubtedly 
permitted to leave the ranks to go in search of water, bv the 
otticers in command of the companies. Wandering about in 
a strange region, faint with prolonged exertion and loss of 
sleep, they sat down to rest, expecting soon to proceed upon 
their quest or renew the task of overtaking the regiment. 
Exhausted nature would have its way, and they did not 
waken until summoned to surrender by our pursuers. In a 
case which came under the writer's own notice, a man from 
whose shoes blood had oozed at every step for miles, was told 
by his captain that if he left his place he would lose his po- 
sition as a sergeant. When he could endure no longer, he 
fell out, exclaiming: "I cannot take another step!" The 
rear-guard missed him in the darkness, and he was cap- 
lured. Probably only a small proportion of those who fell 
under this sweeping and unlawful condemnation, were phy- 
sically able to complete this terribly exhausting march. 
The order was afterward revoked through the intervention 
of Governor Tod, who saw both its injustice and illegality. 
Military law is of necessity, arbitrary in character, but only 
the rankest despotism punishes without a hearing. 



TX. 



THE SCHOOL (IK 



DOUBLE DUTY. 



MONTH had I'lapsetl since the hmg- 

roll first sounded in the cump of 

the Thousand — twenty-six days 

^ after the " hell -march " ended, 

m§ and forty-one days after they 

were mustered into service — 

when the order came for them 

to march again, this time iu the golden 

Octol)er weather, on that campaign which 

resulted in the wasted bloodshed of the short, 

sharp, and shameful battle of PerrA'ville. 

The interval had been one of absorl>- 
ing interest, especially to the little army 
of untrained citizen-soldiers which constituted 
the garrison of Louisville. The retreat from 
Lexington had l)eeu contemporaneous with the defeat of 
I'ope in Virginia, followed swiftly by the first invasion of 
Maryland, culminating in the battle of Antietam and the sur- 
render of Harpers Ferry. At the time. Van Dorn moved on 
the rear of Grant's position iu Mississippi, united his army 
with that of Price, and the battles of luka and Corinth quickh* 
followed. These movements made it impossible to withdraw 
any considerable force from the Federal armies, either in 
the east or the west, to strengthen the center, with its two 
imperiled bases, Cincinnati and Louisville. 

Had Kirby Smith advanced at once on Covington, there 
was nothing to prevent his making a lodgment on the south 
bank of tlie Oliio, opposite Cincinnati, by tlie time the 

90 




THE saUOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. !)? 

Thousand readied Louisville. Tiie distance was about the 
same as Gilberts column marched, and there was no force 
which need have dela^'ed him an hour ; but he waited to 
decide what he would do, to hear from Bragg, and to gather 
recruits for his army in Kentucky. So the golden moment 
passed. What miglit have been accomplished almost witii- 
out the loss of a man, a week later became impossible. 

On the day the Thousand reached Louisville, Bragg 
was crossing the Cumberland river with an army of forty- 
tive thousand men at Gainesborough, Tennessee; Buell, 
with fifty-five thousand, was at Murfreesborough, Tennes- 
see; Nelson, at Louisville, had seventeen thousand men of 
all arms; Smith, at Lexington, had about twenty-five thou- 
sand, with forty pieces of artillery. In front of Covington 
there were hardly five thousand men, and these seem to 
have been under no responsible head, merely separate com- 
mands reporting to department headquarters. But weeks 
were cycles then. The next day, one whose literarj^ fame 
has almost overshadowed his military renown, Gen. Lew 
Wallace, was assigned to the command of the forces oppo- 
site Cincinnati; and on the next, General Simpson, with an 
army of laborers, was ordered to complete the system of 
fortifications on the neck of ground south of Covington, de- 
vised and begun by Gen. Ormsby M. Mitchel, nearly a yea.\' 
before. Within a week the spades and rifles of the tens of 
thousands of " Minute Men,'' who poured in from Ohio and 
Indiana, had made Covington impregnable to any force the 
Confederates could send against it. 

Louisville was still in peril. Had Bragg advanced by 
forced marches, ordering Smith, with whom he was in easy 
communication, to concentrate before this city leaving 
Heth to demonstrate toward Cincinnati, instead of delaying 
his advance sis or seven days in order to capture Munfords- 
ville, he might have been in front of Louisville on the eight- 
eenth, at least six days ahead of Buell. The Federal forces 
in that city, less than thirty thousand raw troops, could not 
have held it against the assault of nearly twice their num- 
ber of veterans for an hour. 



98 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

This is what might have been; what the country saw 
was possible, and what we, who were camped about the 
city, expected would occur. What really happened was 
that this host of men — who hardly knew "Right-face" 
from "Shoulder arms," whose feet were blistered, bodies 
worn, and spirits shattered by a retreat of incredible 
celerity and hardship — were hustled into brigades and di- 
visions, and made veterans in the harsh but effective school 
of double-duty. Into the trenches at three o'clock ; stand- 
ing to our arms until day was well advanced; at work on 
fortifications one day; on outpost duty the next ; worried 
by incessant alarms ; drilling every moment, when not 
otherwise employed ; practically besieged, though only 
confronted by a few bodies of cavalry and a light battery 
or two of the enemy! Here we learned not only the duties 
of the soldier, but also the equally important economics of 
army life — how to cook ; how to tent ; how to sleep in the 
midst of alarms ; how to stand guard ; how to serve on 
picket ; how to live, in short, for to-day's duties, indiffer- 
ent to what the morrow might bring. "VVe had already 
formed the acquaintance of the ubiquitous and indestructi- 
ble " hard-tack," our first issue of which, made on the day 
after our arrival at Lexington, was declared by one of the 
Thousand to be "the very last of a lot left over from the 
war of 1812." The fact that one of them, mailed to his 
friends at home by a member of the Thousand on that day, 
is still in a good state of preservation, and is the recipient 
of three hearty groans when exhibited at each reunion of 
the survivors, would seem, at least, to give color to his 
conclusion. 

It is hoped that before another great war shall come, 
there will be instituted a system of scientific inspection of 
food supplies for the army as rigid, at least, as that applied 
to the steel-plates of our navy, since the knowledge of fraud 
in their preparation has become public. The purchase of 
food after a mere cursory inspection by an unskilled officer, 
who judges only by appearance, is one of the evils of which 



THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. m 

the American soldier may justly complain. A qualitative 
analysis of one issue of hard-tack, made by one of the larg- 
est firms with which our government dealt at that time, 
showed such quantities of pipe-clay or ground white soap- 
stone, as to lead a physician, who saw the results, to de- 
clare that thirty days of such food was enough to endanger 
the life of the strongest man. This adulteration was un- 
questionably one of the causes of disease of the alimentary 
system in the Northei'u army; and it is quite possible that 
this diet of alum and pipe-clay is, to a large degree, re- 
sponsible for the strong showing of intestinal disease 
among the survivors. There is a poetic justice in the idea 
of a nation being taxed for pensions to soldiers whom it 
allowed to be poisoned while fighting in its defense. 

However good the soldiers' rations may be, the change 
from home-cooking to army-cooking, done by an open fire, 
with only sheet-iron kettles and frying-pans for kitchen 
outfit — with hard bread and salt pork as the chief staples 
— is a serious one, involving almost as great a risk as bat- 
tle itself. Take, for instance, our commissary, who was 
not only a scholar, but also a vegetarian, who had not 
tasted animal food since his boyhood, and never thought he 
would again. Necessity has small regard for theory, how- 
ever, and a raging appetite compelled him to eat the ra- 
tions he served to others. One day a friend found him 
busily engaged in stowing away two pieces ^)f hard bread 
with a savory bit of pork between. 

•'Hello, sergeant," he exclaimed, "T thought you 
were a vegetarian? " 

"So I am," was the reply between bites. "Are we 
not assured on the best authority that 'All flesh is grass '?" 

It was the good fortune of the Thousand to learn 
adaptedness to the new conditions during that month of 
pleasant weather — the lull between the first great march 
and the beginning of its first campaign. 

8ome events occurred during this interval of peculiar 
interest to the Thousand. Tt became part of a brigade 



100 THK STonV OF A TJJOUSANl). 

which was assigned to the command of Captain William K. 
Terrill, of the Fifth regular artillery, then recently ap- 
pointed a brigadier-general of volunteers. He was a 
Virginian by birth, and had at least one brother in the 
Confederate service. He had been a classmate of Sheri- 
dan's at West Point, and is said to have been one with 
whom that pugnacious cadet had a personal difficult}' for 
which he was soundly disciplined. Everybody seemed to 
wonder at Terrill's being in the Federal army. A story in 
explanation was afloat at that time. His father was said 
to have been a zealous divine of the Old Dominion, who. 
when his son left home for West Point, presented him 
with a Bible and made him promise to read it every day 
and never fail in his duty to the Stars and Stripes. When' 
Virginia seceded the good parson would have had his son 
consecrate his sword to the cause of disunion; but the 
young officer answered him that he could not break the 
oath he had sworn at his father's request on the BiV>le he 
had given him. 

It is a pretty story, and might well be true. There 
must have l)een something very attractive about him to 
account for the warm friendship between him and Lieuten- 
ant C. C. Parsons, for whom he secured an assignment to 
command the magnificent battery of seven twelve-pound 
brass Napoleons, which he organized for service with his 
brigade, the men and officers being volunteers from the 
various regiments of the brigade, a lai'ge number, includ- 
ing Lieutenants Cumings and Osborne, from the Thousand. 
Parsons was a cluvaJier snns jx'nr tt saus reproche. His 
(juickness of perception and fertility of resource were 
destined to play a rare part at the critical moment in two 
great battles; but promotion did not, in his case, keep step 
with merit. After the war closed, covered with honors 
and l)revets, he was for some years adjutant of West 
Point, After that he became a minister of the Protestant 
Episcopal Church, and as rector of the church of Memphis. 
Tennessee, fell a victim to the yellow fever when that 



THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 101 

dread scourge smote the city. Between him and Terrill 
there was a most tender friendship, and lie, as well as all 
others who were familiar with him. had the highest antici- 
pations of the military career that awaited the loyal young 
Virginian. It may be doubted if their hopes would 
have been fulfilled even had he not met his untimely 
fate. He did not understand how to endear himself to the 
volunteer — especially, perhaps one might say, the Northern 
volunteer. His idea of command was somewhat too highly 
colored with compulsion to at once call forth the best efforts 
of an undisciplined soldiery, and he had little of that dash 
which made Sheridan instantly and always a leader of men. 
He commanded respect by scrupulous attention to duty, 
but awakened no enthusiasm in those under his command. 

Our compagnons en hrigailc were the One Hundred and 
Twenty-third and Eightieth Illinois, and the One Hundred 
;md First Indiana, two of which regiments were to remain 
with us to the end, while the other, the Eightieth Illinois, 
was detached after six months, and was afterward widely 
separated from us. With these was temporarily placed a 
detachment from various Kentucky regiments under Colonel 
Garrard, known as " Garrard's Detachment. "" 

Hardly was the brigade formed and assigned to the 
division of Brigadier-General James S. Jackson, than a 
grand review was ordered. Why anyone should wish to 
review troops who had never had a dozen days of drill, 
passes reasonable comprehension, especially in heavy 
marching order. This review was a peculiarly unfortu- 
nate one, being anticipated with execrations and remem- 
bered with anathemas. The day was the hottest 16th of 
September ever known even in the sultry humidity of the 
Ohio valley. Tne thermometer was said to have reached 
100° in the shade, but the Thousand had no thermometer 
and saw no shade that day. The line of march was long; 
the paved streets were glistering hot beneath the feet yet 
unhealed after the "hell-march" ; the unpaved ones ankle- 
deep with dust. As usual, there were numerous delays, 



102 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

and then a killing pace to make up for them. Everybody 
was ill-tempered; the officers because it is impossible that 
men should march well and wheel with precision without 
training; the men because the officers were nervous and 
irritable ; all because the weather was hot, the service 
onerous, and the reviewing officer — exacting, to say the 
least. The net result in the division was a dozen or two 
of sunstrokes and a score or two of breakdowns. The 
ambulances were full before the reviewing - stand was 
reached and the march back to camp one of the sorriest 
sights an 'unsympathetic populace ever beheld. 

Some curious incidents occurred in spite of these con- 
ditions. The colonel of the Thousand got a wigging from 
the reviewing officer because the colors of his regiment 
were not displa3'ed, and when he replied that we had never 
received anything of that sort, was reprimanded for not 
having secured so essential an implement of war— a failure 
for which he was just about as responsible as the shortest 
private in the rear rank. The admonition led, however, to 
a queer consequence. On the march back to camp the 
bearer of the State flag of one of the regiments in advance 
of us was found upon the roadside overcome with 
heat, the banner trailed in the dust yet tightlj' held in his 
unconscious grasp. The impetuous young Brigadier leaped 
from his horse, seized the flag, and when the head of our 
column arrived handed it to the colonel, with the remark: 

"Here is a stand of colors for you; see if your regi- 
ment can keep them off the ground! " 

The colonel called up a sergeant and gave him the 
flag; as he did so, his eye fell upon the coat of arms on the 
reverse. 

"But this is a State flag, general," he said, hesitat- 
ingly. "We are Ohio troops, not Indianians. " 

" No matter; keep the flag until I order it returned." 

The order never came. Some months after the colonel 
returned it to those to whom it belonged. It was rarelv if 



THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY. 103 

f ver unrolled while in the possession of the Thousand. A 
few weeks afterward we carried it into battle, furled upon 
its staff and covered with a black case, only its gay tassels 
showing the colors inside. When we sent it back, it had 
some honorable scars, received in a conflict where the regi- 
ment to which it belonged was not engaged. It is perhaps 
the only instance that occurred during the war, of a regi- 
ment being in active service for six months, losing mean- 
while one-third its numbers, before it was given a stand of 
colors, or of a regiment from one state being required to 
fight under the flag of another state. 

Our quartermaster, a grave man of middle age, splen- 
did presence, and imperturbable gravity, was ordered out 
of the line to report to the reviewing officer, who asked, 
with a profusion of ornamental emphasis, 
1 why his mules had not been "roached." 
Now, the quartermaster was a man of 
consequence at home, had been sherifT 
of his county, and was not yet accustomed 
to being hauled up quite so smartly. He 
knew a good deal about many things, but 
little enough about mules. If he had 
been sworn, he could not have told what 
"roaching" meant. It was evidently 

„ something that needed to be done to the 

The 
QuARTEKMASTEK. "^"'^' whether cutting off his ears or 
trimming his tail, he did not know. 
So he answered, suavely and at a venture, that there 
had been a good man}' things to look after, and he 
thought he would leave that "until the boys had got 
through swapping." As there had been a good deal 
of '• swapping," and the teamsters of the Thousand had evi- 
dently not come off second best in their honest exchanges 
with the keepers of Uncle Sam's corrals, this naive confes- 
sion proved the soft answer which not only turned away 
wrath but brought a hearty burst of laughter. The 
quartermaster was courteously dismissed and rode away 




104 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND 

with a light heart, the only thing that troubled him being 
that he did not yet know the meaning of the verb "roach. " 
This he determined to find out. Calling his wagon master 
to his side, he asked, in his own inimitably mild wa}-: 

•'Why didn't you have the mules reached before we 
came out? " 

"I did my best, captain, ' was the apologetic answer 
of the chagrined mule-whacker, " but there is only one pair 
of sheepshears in the division, and I couldn't get hold of 
that." 

•'Just so," said the quartermaster, with a chuckle. He 
had learned that roaching is done with sheep-shears and not 
given himself away. 

During this time one of the most deplorable tragedies 
of the war was enacted in the city. Brigadier-General Jef- 
ferson C. Davis shot and killed his superior, the com- 
manding officer of the Army of Kentucky, Major-General 
William Nelson. Nothing perhaps shows the law-abiding 
character of the people from whom these great armies were 
drawn so well as the fact that during a war of such length 
so few personal altercations occurred between their officers. 
In this case, the insult was, no doubt, a grievous one. Just 
what it was it seems difficult to ascertain. Though the 
matter was the subject of investigation by both civil and 
military authority, no reliable account of what happened 
between Gen. Nelson and his assistant is at this time 
available. Knowing the vehemence of Nelsons character, 
it is easy to believe that his language was not measured 
l)y the strict rules of courtesy, and he is said to 
have accompanied his words with a blow. At any rate, the 
homicide which followed did not interfere with the sul)- 
sequent career of his slayer. 

How did this tragedy affect the Thousand? The death 
of their late commander was announced in general orders. 
They had already read it in the newspapers. They stood 
decorously at parade-rest while the adjutant read the wordy 



THE SCHOOL (tF DOUliLhJ DUTY lor, 

recital of the dead mans honors and achievements. Then 
the parade was dismissed. The officers sauntex'ed to their 
quarters. They were talking of the dead commander as 
they laid aside their arms. Presently the sound of shout- 
ing was heard. The officers looked out of their tents. 
The men were cheering and tossing up their caps in the 
company streets. On the right and left, in the camps of 
other regiments, the same thing was being done. 

"Orderly! " cried the colonel, "What is all this noise 
about? " 

"The men are cheering General Jett". ('. J)avis. sir, ' 
replied the soldier, with a salute. 

"Cheering Jeflf. C. Davis! Call the Officer of the 
Day!" 

There was no need. Long before that functionary 
appeared to receive instructions the clamor was over and 
the men were quiet in their tents. The men of the Army 
of Kentucky had expressed their opinion of its late com- 
mander. It did not accord with that given in general 
orders ; yet, perhaps, both were true, in part. The one was 
a judgment on his patriotism, which none could doubt; the 
other on his conduct to those subject to his power, which 
may have been too severe. It should not be forgotten, 
however, that those who had l)een longer under his com- 
mand loved the stern old fighter despite his harshness. 
At that very moment, one of his old regiments was under 
close guard across the river, lest they shoul'd break out and 
kill the man who slew him. They remembered the tender 
words he had spoken as they filed past him to engage in 
their first battle on the bloody field of Shiloh. These others 
remembered only the story of his wild, unreasoning rage 
as he rode among the shattered remnants of the force over- 
whelmed at Richmond through his own stubborn disobedi- 
ence, and the terrors of the "hell-march," for which he 
was but half responsible. It was a brutal thing, this 
exultation in the death of a brave man, besides being a 
glaring military oflfense. There was talk of punishing the 



lOG THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

regiments which took part in it. But it is difficult to 
punish an army, especially one that is doing double duty 
in presence of the enem}'. 

The Negro question came up again, also. In a few 
da3's it was to be put at rest forever by that proclamation 
of President Lincoln, which was the beginning of the end. 
a proclamation so far-reaching and tremendous in its im- 
port that it stilled almost wholly, for a time at least, the 
bickering which had filled every Federal camp on Southern 
soil. The colonel was a soldier, full of soldierly ambi- 
tions, but he was to the core in favor of liberty. He 
would not disobey orders or transgress the law; neither 
would he take a step beyond them to promote the master's 
interest. One claimed a colored man who had taken refuge 
in the camp of the Thousand as his slave; the colonel 
demanded proof of title, proof in writing, since, as a slave 
could only be sold by deed, title could only be shown by 
deed. The claimant, instead of complying, brought an 
order from the commanding general that the Negro should 
be delivered up. The colonel had, in the meantime, 
learned that the colored man was really free, but, having 
lost his free-papers, or had them taken from him, had been 
seized and sold for being at large without them or a pass 
from some white man, and declined to obej' the order. 
The general threatened arrest for disobedience; the colonel 
threatened to report the general to the President for con- 
spiring to kidnap a free man. It was a bad dilemma in 
which to place one whose promotion yet lacked that most 
essential ingredient — the President's nomination. So the 
order of arrest never came. 

There was another case; 

' ' Your old master has not long to live, and it seems as 
if he could not be satisfied unless he has you with him," said 
a gentleman to a young colored man he had traced to our 
camp. ' ' I think you will be free when the war is over, if not 
before; but if j'ou will come back now and take care of him, 
I promise you your freedom at the eiid of a year, anyhow. "" 



THE SCHOOL OF DOUBLE DUTY 107 

There was a strong resemblance between the two which 
suggested a nearer relation than master and slave. The 
gentleman was evidently sincere, however; but as a con- 
tract with a slave would not be binding, he offered to give 
his written pledge to the officer, whose servant the other 
claimed to be, that he would do as he promised. 
The officer advised the colored man to accept; the 
two left the camp together, and both did as the}' 
agreed. A similar case occurred afterward in which 
the quartermaster, who was one, in those days, whom all 
men trusted at sight and were never deceived, con- 
ducted the negotiations between a loyal master and a 
slave who had sworn that he would never return to bondage 
alive. There were queer experiences in an "abolition regi- 
ment " in a loyal slave state. No doubt, in some cases, the 
letter of the law was violated in aiding slaves to escape 
even from loyal owners; but in no case, within the writer's 
knowledge, was any colored man incited to attempt escape 
by any member of the Thousand. 



X. 



THE KAPTISM OV FIRE. 




A D Bnigg jirranged for the 
greater part of Smith's army 
to be in position before Louis- 
ville on his arrival, that city 
might even yet have been car- 
ried by assault before Buells army could 
intervene for its relief. In this way, and 
in this way only, could the loss of six 
days at Munfordville have been atoned. 
But Bragg, having reached Bardstown, 
forty miles from Louisville, on the 22d 
of September, four days before the ar- 
rival of BuelTs advance-guard, was at- 
tacked with the same atrophy of purpose 
which had paralyzed the energy of Smith 
on his arrival at Lexington. Both were frightened at the 
success of their own brilliant strategy, and both were de- 
ceived with the hope of mustering thousands of recruits 
from the people of Kentuck}', to whom they addressed 
at once appeals, which, read in the light of the 
present, seem ludicrous enough. They assumed that 
the people of Kentucky were ground to earth beneath 
the heel of a cruel and barbarous invader, and onl}' waited 
an opportunity to rise en vutsse and fall upon their oppres- 
sors. As a matter of fact, while divided in sentiment, the 
people of Kentucky, instead of suffering hardship, had been 
enjoying a period of unprecedented prosperity. Never had 

108 




TlIK BAPTISM OF FIHK. \m 

horses, cattle, mules, wheut. and coin brought such good 
prices or found so quick and sure a market as during the 
year and a half of Federal occupancy of the State. 

Even the Confederate sj'mpathizers did not appreciate 
the strategy of Smith and Bragg at its full value; and the 
recent Confederate victories in the east had not had time 
to have their full effect on the general sentiment in Ken- 
tucky. They needed assurance that the armies which had 
appeared so suddenly at their doors would not presently 
melt away as quickly as they had come. Victory alone 
could have brought any considerable number of recruits to 
the Confederate arms. General Bragg halted to reconuoi- 
ter; to determine what the array in his rear would do; to 
verify Kirby Smiths report of the state of affairs in Ken- 
tucky; to note the effect of the proclamation he scat- 
tered, even to the intrenchments about the city. Two days 
later, the head of Buell's army was at the mouth of Salt 
river; two days more and his dusty veterans were marching 
through the streets of Louisville. The old Army of the 
Ohio was united with the new Army of Kentucky with tri- 
umphant shouts which told to the thin line of Confederate 
cavalry on their front that all reasonable hope of conquer- 
ing the city was at an end. From that time the question 
was not what the Confederates might achieve in Kentucky, 
but with how little loss they might get out of it. No doubt, 
if r. general like Grant or Sheridan had been in control of 
the Federal forces, Bragg would have at once realized this 
fact and begun his retreat along the line he afterwards pur- 
sued. But he knew the mental infirmity of his opponent, 
and counted on it to afford him abundant time to retrace 
his steps or, perhaps, opportunity to win a decisive battle. 

With this view, he began leisurely arrangements to 
compel his opponent to meet him on a field of his own 
selection. With his right resting at Salvisa, his left at 
Danville, and his center at Harrodsburg, he occupied a 
position hardly twenty miles in length, one flank resting on 
an impassable river and the other reaching to the rough 



110 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

couutry known as Muldraugh's hill, a region utterly unfitted 
for military operations on a large scale, covering thereby 
all the roads leading into Middle and Eastern Kentucky, 
along which his retreat, in case of discomfiture, must lie. 
To attack this position, General Buell would have to ad- 
vance his left and fight at or near Salvisa, or divide his 
urmy and expose his own communications by advancing his 
right through the rough country on the Confederate left. 
Knowmg the peculiar caution of General Buell, Bragg con- 
fidently expected that he would advance his left toward 
Frankfort and swing his right round toward Harrodsburg. 
He did not anticipate, however, that this movement would 
begm before the 10th of October. He, therefore, ordered 
Smith to join him about that time at Lawrenceburg or Sal- 
visa with all his force, except Heth's division, which was 
to be left to unite with Humphrey Marshall and continue 
the demonstration against Cincinnati. This, with Steven- 
sons division, which was coming from Cumberland Gap, 
via Danville, would give him an army of about fifty thou- 
sand men, all veterans, to oppose Buell's somewhat larger 
army, one-third of which were new troops. Under these 
circumstances, he felt so confident of at least holding his 
position and, perhaps, crippling his adversary, that he did 
not hesitate to predict that " the great battle of the west " 
would be fought at or near Salvisa. 

General Bragg's forecast of his opponent's moves was 
curiously at fault. Instead of hesitancy and delay, General 
Buell manifested an almost unexampled vigor, and, instead 
of caution, his plan of campaign was characterized by the 
utmost boldness. It was based, however, on an utter mis- 
conception of his adversary's purpose. Arriving in Louis- 
ville, General Buell had found the whole country aflame 
with anger at his failure to meet and drive back the army 
of General Bragg. With a larger force under his command, 
moving on interior lines, it was the universal belief that he 
ought, not to have permitted Bragg to cross the Cumberland 
river into Kentucky; that he ought to have succored Mun- 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. Ill 

fordville, and that he ought to have engaged the arm^- of 
Bragg before he had opportunity to unite with Kirby Smith, 
In all this the public censure was entirely just. 

An intelligent people are good strategists, and maps 
are terrible enemies of military fame. Greneral Buell found 
in Louisville not only an enraged people, but also a govern- 
ment finally worn out with his excuses, evasions, and leth- 
argy. The order for his removal only waited the arrival of 
General Thomas to be delivered. The prospect of being 
superseded by his own subordinate seems to have inspired 
him to an activity altogether unprecedented in his military 
career. In four days he had reorganized his army, or rather 
combined it with the Army of Kentucky, and planned a 
campaign, which he avowed himself ready to embark upon 
without delay, so that when General Thomas arrived, that 
supersensitive soldier was able to allege this fact as a reason 
for declining the proffered command. 

The plan of organization was defective in that it practi- 
cally removed Thomas from responsible command, making 
him a mere figurehead, having the title of ' 'second in com- 
mand, " but without authority or discretion. In Thomas' 
place and in command of the strongest and most important 
corps of his army, he put C. C. Gilbert, whose rank was a 
matter at least of doubt. Under him were the most dis- 
tinguished and experienced division commanders of that 
army, Sheridan, Schoepf and R. B. Mitchell — men who 
would naturally resent being placed under a man whose 
title to such rank was at best questionable and who had 
done nothing whatever to entitle him to such preferment. 
The army was composed of three corps: the First, or left, 
under Maj.-Gen. A. McD. McCook ; the Second, or right, 
under Maj.-Gen. Thomas L. Crittenden; and the Third, or 
center, under Gen. C. C. Gilbert. Each corps was composed 
of three divisions and most of the divisions of three brigades- 
Three divisions were unattached to any corps. There were 
three brigades of cavalry, while the artillery comprised about 
two hundred guns. The whole composed an army of fifty- 
eight thousand men. 



112 IHE ,STOBT OF A THOUSAND. 

Buells purpose seems to have been to drive Bragg out 
of Kentucky along the route by which he had entered, rather 
than to force him to give battle or attempt his annihilation. 
To effect this, he sent Dumont with fifteen thousand men and 
Sill's division of McCook's corps, numbering eleven thousand 
men, by the Shelby ville pike to demonstrate against Frank- 
fort. The Second corps under Crittenden, with whom went 
Thomas, "the second in command," as a sort of supernu- 
merary adviser, marched straight ou Bardstowu, which was 
supposed to be the center of the enemy's position. McCook. 
with the other two divisions of the First corps, marched as 
if in support of Sill and Dumont, to Fisherville turned 
there southeastward and advanced to Taylorsville, Bloom - 
field and Mackville. Masked by these two columns, Buell, 
with the Third corps under Gilbert, marched to Shepherds- 
ville, thence diverging to the eastward, joined Crittenden at 
Bardstown. The apparent purpose of this was to comiiel 
Bragg to withdraw by Lelianon or Hodgensville. In the 
latter event, Gilbert would march directly to Elizabethtowu 
instead of diverging toward Bardstown. 

Bragg, possessed ])y his own pre-notions, and attribu- 
ting to his opponent as full knowledge of his own position 
as he himself had, was entirely misled l)y these dispositions. 
Fully informed as to the movements of the First and Second 
corps, and the advance of Sill and Dumont toward Frank- 
fort, he concluded that the movement of Crittenden and a 
part of McCook's corps on Bardstown, was a feint intended 
to occupy his attention while Buell, with the Third corps, in 
connection with Sill and Dumont, advanced upon his right. 
This being in accord with what he deemed the best sti'ategv, 
he determined to circumvent it by overwhelming Thomas 
before he could be reinforced, and then, by a {[uick march 
to his right, to form a junction at Sal visa with three 
divisions of Kirby Smith and give battle to Buell. Had he 
known of the march of the Third corps via Shepherdsville. 
refused his left and fallen with his right on the flank of Sill 
and Dumont, bringing the two divisions of Smith which 



TUE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 11 :i 

were at Frankfort across the Kentucky river to engage them 
in front, he would have effectually foiled Buell's design and 
compelled him to retreat to Louisville or fight under great 
disadvantages. If, then, Buell had marched north by ITar- 
rodsburg, Bragg would still have had a secure line of re- 
treat open to him north of the Kentucky river. Tiiis mis- 
conception of Buell's movement led Bragg to mass his left 
wing and one division of his right at Perryville under Gen- 
eral Polk, with orders to attack at daylight on the Sth of 
October. 

General Polk, better informed as to the enemy's move- 
ments, urged the concentration of the whole army at Har- 
rodsburg before making an attack, or at least that the whole 
Army of Mississippi should be united for that purpose. 
Bragg decided, however, to retain Wither's division to act 
in connection with Kirby Smith's army under his own com- 
mand, against Buell's right, which he still conceived the 
more important line of the Federal advance. The result 
was the bloody but useless and indecisive battle of Perry- 
ville. 

The advance began at daylight on Wednesday, the first 
day of October. Everything was propitious, save a scarci- 
ty of water in a part of the region through which the march 
was made. The roads were dry and hard ; the weather was 
delightful; the men in the best of spirits. The gums and 
maples were aflame upon the hillsides. The brown oak- 
groves were gashed here and there with golden hickories. 
The dogwoods showed like gleams of yellow fire under the 
darker leafage. The corn was shocked or stood ripe in the 
fields. Stacks of hay and oats dqtted the landscape. Herds 
of cattle browsed upon the stubble-lands, on which the rag- 
weed grew rank and brown, protecting the herbage under- 
neath. The oaks that lined the pikes had dropped their 
polished acorns in shining circles on the hard macadam, 
while the walnuts along the countiy roadways had covered 
the little-used tracks with yellowish-green globes, which, 
crushed beneath the feet of thousands, gave forth a pun- 



114 TJIK .STORY OV A rilOUSANl). 

geiiL odor. The woodbine and the sumue flaunled gaudy 
banners in the hedgerows. Here and there, tol)acco was 
ripening on the hills or hung in barns from which the winds 
l)i'ought the spicy fragrance of the aromatic leaf. The 
liemp lay in long rows al)out the shallow ponds where it had 
l)een spread to dry. Fairer skies or more delightful sur- 
roundings army never had upon a march. 

In such a region an army of sixty thousand men shows 
like an innumerable multitude. On every road, winding 
through the brown fields and among the rounded hills, 
were long lines of blue. The flash of i)olished steel caught 
the eye in every direction. Long trains of white-topped 
wagons shone through clouds of dust upon the pikes. The 
troops marched, sometimes in column along the roads, 
sometimes in line through the fields. Flags waved in the 
mellow sunlight. Generals with their body-guards, richly 
(light, rode here and there. Horsemen abounded, aides and 
orderlies, and messengers ; cavalry in squads and squadrons, 
going everywhere without apparent purpose. What life 
their i)resence gave to the scene ! That they were the eyes 
and ears of the army none could doubt, though they are 
sometimes myopic eyes and queerly j)laced ears. The in- 
fantry, with that spirit of banter that always prevails be- 
tween the different arms, insisted that the restless riders 
were quick to hear what happened at the front and anxious 
to see what was going on in the rear. The artillery trundled 
steadily along the roads. The sound of drum, and fife, and 
bugle mingled with the rumble of wheels and the l)raying of 
mules. Now and then, the roar of a cannon or a ripple of 
musketry served to remind us that the light troops of the 
enemy were keeping touch of our front and watching care- 
fully our advance. 

The Thousand was part of the Tenth tlivision of the 
First corps, consisting of two small brigades, the Thirty- 
third and the Thirty-fourth, the former commanded by Brig.- 
Gen. William E. Terrill; the latter by Col. George Webster. 
With the former was Parsons' battery ; with the latter the 



THK BAPTISM OF FIRK lir, 

Nineteenth Indiana Battery. We maicbecl east to Fisliei- 
ville, and thence to Taylorsville, which we reached upon 
the afternoon of the fourth. On the fifth, which was Sun- 
day, we lay in camp, and on Monday marched to Bloom- 
field, going on to Mackville on Tuesday through a very 
rough country. Our five days' rations were exhausted ou 
Sunday. On Monday and Tuesday we subsisted on parched 
corn, with a small supply of bacon seized by the quarter- 
master at a plantation which we passed. Water was very 
scarce and very bad. There was some heavy firing to our 
right toward evening, and we were ordered to prepare for 
l)attle on the morrow. Only a few of the canteens were 
filled that night. 

General Buell, failing to encounter tiie enemy at Bards- 
town, as he had expected, had abandoned his previous hy- 
pothesis of Bragg's movements, and concluded that he 
would offer battle at Danville. He accordingly pushed 
Thomas, with Crittenden, toward Lebanon and advanced 
Gilbert to Springfield and McCook to Mackville. On the 
seventh he advanced Gilbert on theSpringfield pike to with- 
in three miles of Perry vi lie, meeting sharp resistance, 
which led him to believe the enemy would offer battle at 
that place. Ordering the right and left to close on the cen- 
ter, he prepared to attack the next morning. 

This order was received by General McDowell at half 
past two on the morning of October 8th. It directed him 
to march at three o'clock. This was manifestly impossil)le, 
but his corps was under arms at daylight, and ul)Out six 
o'clock the Tenth division moved along the old .Mackville 
pike toward Perryville, nine miles distant, marching slowly 
and with frequent halts, over a difficult road. The day was 
very warm. About eleven o'clock we halted in column by 
division on the right of the i)ike, a half mile in the rear of 
the Russell House, on the battle-field of Perryville. Two 
brigades of Rousseau's division of the First corps were in 
the lead that day, the Tenth division having cut off the other 
— Starkweather's — it was in the rear. Our battery came up 



IK) THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

and halted near us on the left of tiie pike. Rousseau's ad- 
vance brigades were posted ni line of battle to the left of 
the Mackville i)ike, where it crossed Doctor's Fork, a tribu- 
tary of Chaplin river. This point is a mile and a half west 
of Perryville, and the line of battle extended due north 
along a wooded slope which fell away to the eastward. To 
the left of this line, some four hundred 3'ards, McCook or- 
dered a battery to be placed on a knoll in an open field, 
fronting northward. This was the position our batter}- was 
destined to occupy. Before it was ordered forward there 
was some firing on our right front. 

At length the order came for the battery to go to 
the front. How we envied the eager comrades as the\- 
swung themselves into their saddles and dashed forward 
at a sharp trot ! The sun was hot and the horses' flanks 
were covered with sweat from the day's march, but they 
were in fine fettle, and one did not wonder at the flush 
of pride on the gallant Parsons' face as the guns filed 
past him and took their way along a narrow country' road 
toward the left front. The fire of battle was in his e^-e and 
one guessed that the trot the bugle sounded was less because 
of any emergency in the order he had received than of his 
own impatience for the fray. It was then about one o'clock 
and there was in the air that curious feeling which assures 
even the dullest mind that a conflict is surely impending. 
Probably there were but two men in the whole army who 
dou])ted that an engagement would occur within the hour: 
General Buell, who irritated by the fact that the first corps 
had not arrived at the time he had named, had declared it to 
be too late to fight a battle that day, and retired to his 
quarters two miles in the rear, and the commander of the 
Third corps, who was already striving to prevent his di- 
vision commanders from engaging the enemy. Upon the 
extreme right, Crittenden was ordered to advance very cau- 
tiously and put himself in touch with Grilberts right, ready 
to attack the next day. 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRK. 117 

It takes two to arrange a battle, as well as to make a 
bargain, however, and Bragg, who had arrived upon the 
field about the same time with McCook, had given his voice 
for a fight that day. The enemy's dispositions had already 
been made for an attack upon Gilbert's left flank, about 
where the Mackville pike crosses Doctor's Fork. The post- 
ing of Rousseau's two brigades to the north of the point 
selected for the main attack, created an impression that 
McCook was endeavoring to turn their flank, and Maney 
was hurried to the extreme right. Donelson was ordered to 
move in that direction as he advanced, unmasking Stewart; 
while Wharton's cavalry was pushed across Chaplin river to 
demonstrate on the rear of the Federal army. It was the 
appearance of this cavalry which induced McCook to refuse 
his left, and order Parsons to a position commanding their 
movements. He anticipated an attack upon his train, which 
was yet strung out on the Mackville pike at the mercy of 
any force which should pass our left. 

These counter movements had been going on ever 
since the head of McCook's column arrived upon the field. 
Almost at the same moment when Parsons' battery reached 
its position and opened on the Confederate cavalry on the 
north, Maney's brigade, one of the most noted in the Con- 
federate service, having surmounted the almost percipitous 
l)auks of Doctors fork, appeared in line of battle on the 
crest of a wooded ridge, hardly two hundred yards from 
the left of the battery. Advancing to the edge of the 
wood, they opened a deadly fire. Previous to this, the One 
Hundred and Twenty-third and Eightieth Illinois, with Gar- 
rard's detachment, had been ordered forward and came into 
position on the left of Rousseau's line, angling back in rear 
of the battery. The guns were quickly shifted to bear upon 
the enemy thus unexpectedly appearing within easy rifle 
range ; the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois was 
ordered to charge, and the fight was on, hot and furious. 

The other regiments of the brigade had already disap- 
peared from view when the order came for the Thousand to 



118 THE STORY OF A TBOUSANl). 

move forward. AVjout the same time, the other brigade of 
our division, with Harris' battery, the Nineteenth Indiana, 
were ordered to the right front of the corps. So the line of 
l)attle of the First corps consisted of one brigade of tlie 
Tenth division on the right, then two brigades of the Third 
division, tiien, the other brigade of the Tenth division, ex- 
cept the Thousand not y»it in line, refused so as to front 
northeast; and then, with a wide interval, the other brigade 
of the Third division, in our left rear, on eminences on 
either side of Wilsons Creek, the bed of which was then 
only a mass of dusty shale. The formation has been praised 
as a wise one, especially that of Starkweather's brigade. 
This was selected by Starkweather himself without knowl- 
edge of the country in his front. Had he posted his men 
along the country road which ran nearly east and west a 
(quarter of a mile in his front, his left resting on the Perry-. 
ville road, its thick stone walls would have constituted an 
impregnable rampart from which he could not have been 
dislodged. This road ran hardly two hundred yards west 
of Parsons' position and was the natural cover for the bat- 
tery's support. How it managed to escape McCooks and 
Jackson's notice it is impossible to conceive, except upon 
the hypothesis that they were expecting an attack from the 
north and not from the east. 

We followed along the same country road by which the 
right of our brigade had advanced, marching with a quick 
step. Thirst and fatigue were forgotten. The Thousand 
had on its report that morning six hundred and forty-five 
names. The detachment of one hundred skirmishers and 
three men from each company sent out in search of water, 
together with the ordinary details, left its actual number 
scarcely five hundred. 

On we went, down a slight declivit}', up over a crest 
into the w(X)ds beyond. The firing grew heavier; the rattle 
<jf musketry mingling with the roar of cannon. We stocnl 
at rest a few moments, listening to the unaccustomed din. 
Tiie woods hid everything except the j)utfs of smoke on a 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 119 

crest away to our left where a battery of the enemy was 
posted. Occasionally we saw a shell burst in the air. 

We crossed a field, following the ruts the battery hud 
left; entered a lane; went up a slope on the other side of 
which was a scattering wood. An aide met us, shouting a 
frenzied demand for haste. 

"Double-quick!" 

We dashed along the crest, down the other side, past a 
corn-field on our left, along a narrow lane, and through a 
gate into an open-wooded glade. We had come near half a 
mile on the double-quick. The men were panting. 

"Halt!" 

On a little knoll to our right front, the battery was 
firing with frenzied rapidity. The shells from the enemy s 
battery flew over our heads and cut the limbs of the trees 
by which we stood, sending down a shower of acorns. Bul- 
lets pattered about us. We could see the artillerymen dash- 
ing back and forth as the smoke lifted from the guns. Men 
were coming back from the hell which the crest hid from 
our view, some wounded, some stragglers. Somebody' sug- 
gested that the guns were empty, and the order to load was 
given in some of the companies. Our division and brigade 
generals were standing, unmounted, just in the rear of the 
battery. Both had accompanied it to the position assigned 
and remained to watch its action; General Terrill leaving 
the duty of posting his brigade to his staff officers. He was 
by training, almost by instinct, an artilleryman, and his 
battery's action eclipsed in interest the maneuvering of his 
brigade. When Maney's brigade appeared in line of battle 
in the woods upon its right, as it stood facing northward, 
advancing with a steady fire until they reached the fence a 
hundred yards away, its peril absorbed his whole atten- 
tion. Ordering Colonel Monroe of the One Hundred and 
Twenty - third Illinois, to charge the enemy's line, he 
remained beside the battery, directing and encouraging the 
men in its operation. 



120 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

When the Thousand came up, the right of the brigade 
had fallen V)ack, and the enemy, checked by the hot fire 
which greeted them, had halted in the edge of the wood 
along the fence below. .The battery stood alone upon the 
crest of the bill, half its guns silenced, its men and horses 
being cut down by the fire of the enem}'. It was said the 
order to withdraw the battery had been given. Even then it 
was too late. A mounted aide pointed out our position and 
rode beside our adjutant at the head of the column as we ad- 
vanced. A caisson, the horses of which had become un- 
manageable, dashed through our line to the rear. 

"Forward!"' The colonels voice rang like a clarion 
above the din of conflict. He sat upon his horse as we filed 
past and uttered a word of cheer to each company. His hat 
was pushed back from his forehead and showed the scar re- 
ceived at Shiloh glowing red upon his smooth, white fore- 
head. Few who saw him then will ever forget his calm and 
masterful presence. 

The head of the column passed through a gap in the 
fence that ran along the edge of the wood, filed to the left, 
and passing twenty yards in rear of the battery, marched 
on until the right companies were beyond the shelter of 
the little knoll on which it stood. Our path was strewn 
with dead and dying men and horses. 
'Front!" 

The command brought us facing to the rear while the 
bullets were whistling by us like hail, and men were falling 
in the ranks of the three right companies. The others were 
a little sheltered by the crest of the hill on which the bat- 
tery stood. 

"About face — forward — guide center!" 

In the center were the colors of the One Hundred and 
First Indiana, closewrapped in their black case, but as 
stoutly advanced as if they had been our own. The regi- 
ment to which they belonged was not in the fight, having 
been sent as guard with the division train to obtain supplies. 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 121 

We faced by the rear rank; advanced in line to the crest of 
tlie liill in the teeth of the leadea storm that swept it. There 
we first saw the enemy, two lines of gray in the edge of the 
brown woods scarce ninety yards away. Puffs of smoke and 
jets of flame shot out from the undergrowth and along the 
fence. 

"Halt! Commence firing!" 

Our left companies, the right of our line as we stood 
faced to the rear, overlapped the battery. General Jackson 
fell just as we advanced. Some of our men fell to the rear to 
pass the group that knelt about him. 
The left was refused, because of the 
overlapping of the enemys line and 
the conformation of the ground. 
Those whose guns were loaded fired ; 
the others made haste to load. Men 
fell, sometimes with a groan, some- 
times without a sound. It was slow 
work loading and firing with the old 
muzzle-loaders. The air seemed full 
of flashing ramrods. One and an- 
LiEUT. H. H. Cu.MiNGs, other staggered wounded to the rear. 
(18U3.) rpjj^, line-oflflcers went back and forth 

encouraging, directing. We stood alone, a thin line of blue, 
in the open field. The enemy were mostly under cover. On 
our right the nearest force was along the wooded ridge to which 
the rest of our brigade had retired. To the rear, near half 
a mile, was Starkweather with his veterans. Then we first 
heard the rebel yell we were to hear so often afterwards. 
The gray line burst from the wood and rushed up the slope. 
"Forward!" cried Terrill. "Do not let them get 
the guns!" 

His face was flushed with agony at the thought of 
losing the battery of which he was so proud. 




122 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 




THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 12:J 

••Charge!" commanded the major, whose horse havuig 
been shot, was on foot with the left companies. Tliere was 
a ching of bayonets. The left companies surged forward to 
the front of the battery. Cumings, of ours, fired the two 
right guns, double-shotted with canister, full in the faces of 
the enemy, then almost at the muzzles of the pieces, and 
with his few remaining men dashed through our ranks to 
the rear under cover of the smoke. We would have cheered 
them but were too busy with our own work to give more than 
a flash of the eye to their gallantry. When it lifted, the 
enemy had faltered, half-way down the slope. Our fire was 
too hot for them to stand. They fell slowly back and began 
firing again. 

Seeing the uselessness of the unequal conflict, Terrill 
gave the order to retire to a fence which ran along the edge 
of a wood in our rear. It was done with reasonable steadi- 
ness, considering the fact that we left one-fourth of our 
number dead to mark the line we had held. We rallied at 
the fence, and when the enemy showed above the crest of 
the hill, renewed the fight. Just here our adjutant, who 
rode a chunky, serviceable but not showy stallion, having 
tarried to see that all the men got the order to retire, found 
himself face to face with the Confederate line. Turn- 
ing, he charged down the little slope to the fence, 
not stopping to hunt any of the numerous gaps. Indeed 
his head was down and the bullets buzzing like bees about 
his ears, so that he had eyes or ears for nothing else. The 
stallion charged manfully to the fence, but had been too 
well taught to break bounds. The adjutant himself, was 
no fence-jumping cavalier, but one glance behind showed 
him that something must be done. With a lift on the reins 
he plunged the spurs into the sides of the old bay, who 
rose to the occasion and would have bolted to the rear, if 
one of the men had not hooked on to his rein. Thereupon, 
the adjutant dismounted, being then the only mounted officer 
left with us the brigadier being on foot and his statf 
either dismounted or on duty elsewhere. Putting up a 



124 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

wounded man in his place, with another clinging to the 
stirrup, the adjutant sent his fiery steed to the rear and 
took orders indifferently thereafter, from Gen. Terrill and 
Col. Hall, both likewise dismounted. 

The three right companies, not hearmg the order to 
retire, were cut off, but under command of the gallant 
Edwards, the senior captain, now thrice wounded, fell back 
farther to the left, and rallied behind the stone fence that 
marked the roadway. The left and center, now mere shat- 
tered fragments, retired under the command of General 
Terrill, by whose side marched our colonel. After the belt 
of woods was passed, we entered a corn-field; the enemy 
followed sharply and their bullets cut stalk and leaf and 
rattled the kernels from the drooping ears beside us, every 
now and then claiming a victim. Here Terrill ordered a 
march by the flank to unmask Starkweather's regiments 
which lay upon the crest of the hill above us. Some did 
not hear the order and were still facing the enemy when a 
magilificent volley-fire by companies, rang out in our rear, 
while Stone's and Bush's batteries opened on the pursuing 
enemy. As we flung ourselves upon our faces and crept 
around the flank out of this maelstrom of fire, we could but 
exult in the skill of our comrades whose level volleys cut 
the serried stalks in their front like a sickle of flame. 

Two hundred 3'ards back of Starkweather's right, we 
formed a new line under the personal direction of General 
Terrill. Here we began to compare notes and try to 
determine the fate of our comrades. The three right com- 
panies were almost wholly missing. Where were they? 
After a time they found their way to us, having been cut 
off in falling back. Where was the rest of the brigade? 
General Terrill thought it had been wholly dissipated. His 
attention had been so taken up by the batteiy, that he 
had quite lost track of the regiments which had swung 
back before the Thousand- came upon the field and he had 
been so absorbed in the working of the guns that he had 
little idea of the severity of the attack. He did not 



2UIE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 



125 



realize we had held our position until every tliird 
man had been killed or wounded. He was very much 
depressed, thinking not of what his men had done, but 




Adjt. a. M. RoBBrNS. 



Ambrose Mason Robbins was born iu Niles, Ohio, June 27, 1837, gradu- 
ated at Allegany College, Meadville, Pa., June 28, 1858; enlisted as private in 
Company B 19th Ohio Volunteers, April, 1861. After the expiration of the 
three months' service was admitted to the bar of Ohio, at Warren, Trumbull 
County, in July, 1861; appointed 1st lieutenant and adjutant 105th O. V. I., 
August 1, 1862; served, with regiment until March 28, 1863, when he resigned 
on account of disability; was appointed Chief Clerk and Deputy Marshal 
19th Congressional District of Ohio, on the adoption of the Conscription Act. 
in the fall of 1863, and served as such until November, 1865. He was in the 
dry goods business from 1866 until 1873, and since that time has been in the 
iron business. Since 1885, he has resided in Cleveland, Ohio. He is a member 
of the Loyal Legion. Ohio Commandery. 



liti THE >STOEr OF A THOUSAND. 

of what he had failed to accomplish and of the stain he 
feared would fall upon his honor as a soldier. 

At our right, the magnificent diapason of battle rose 
and fell. The bullets flew over us, and now and then a 
shell went shrieking by. In our front the enemy was 
repulsed again and again. Many of our men crept for- 
ward, and taking their places in the line on the crest above, 
joined in the fire upon the enemy. Some of the line-offi- 
cers borrowing the rifles and cartridges of their dead com- 
rades, did likewise. Our numl)er grew constantly as those 
who had been scattered found their way to our new posi- 
tion. As the day drew to its close, the young brigadier 
began to hope that his command had not ])een so completely 
shattered as he had feared. One and another reported having 
seen large numbers of the other regiments fighting with 
Rousseau in the woods at our right. Then we heard that 
our lieutenant colonel, Tolles, had come up with his skirm- 
ishers and joined the Eightieth Illinois, in po&ition some- 
where toward the right. With reviving spirits Gen. Terrill's 
interest in the conflict which raged about him again awoke. 
Brawn as it seemed by an irresistible magnetism, he walked 
toward the battery now hotly engaged upon the opposite hill 
three hundred yards away. As he climbed the slope toward 
it. he was struck by a shell, and died almost before a friend 
could reach his side. 

The battle was over for the Thousand. Its division 
and brigade commanders had been stricken almost in its 
ranks. Its colonel now commanded the brigade; to-morrow 
he would command the division, being the senior officer left 
alive in it. Yet it was but forty-eight days since he was 
mustered as colonel. As the sun went down, we watched the 
flashes in the wood where Sheridan was driving back the 
victorious enemy, and witnessed the last terrible onset when 
the enemy's line, pushing Rousseau's exhausted regiments 
back, fell on the fresh line of Gooding again and again, but 
failed to drive him from the position he held. When Stark- 
weather retired we formed with his troops on the new line. It 



TH^ BAPTISM OF FIRE. Vi: 

was a mile back of the line we held when the battle began. 
The whole left wing had been driven in, so that our front was 
now near the point where we had halted in column on our 
arrival on the field. More than eight thousand men, friends 
and foes, lay dead and wounded on the ground which had been 
so stubbornly contested. The Thousand little knew how hot 
a conflict they had shared, or how honorable a part they had 
borne in it. General Bragg, with the echoes of Shiloh fresh 
in his memory, said : "For the time engaged, it was the 
severest and most desperately contested engagement within 
my knowledge." And General McCook declared it to be 
'•the bloodiest battle of modern times for the numbers en- 
gaged on our side." Of less than 13,000 troops of the First 
corps engaged, 3,299 — more than one-fourth — were killed, 
wounded, or missing. Of the whole army less than half 
had been engaged. The moon rose and lighted up a veil of 
silvery mist that hung over the field of strife. Out of it 
came the moans of the wounded. Campfires shone through 
it, here and there, and watchful pickets sent a challenging 
shot into it now and then. Through it came the steady rum- 
ble of wheels and hoarse tones of command. We 
thought the enemy were preparing to renew the at- 
tack instead of fleeing to avoid ours. All night anxious 
groups went up and down our lines seeking their 
own commands or inquiring for friends who would never 
again report for duty. Long past midnight the detail sent 
out for water returned with full canteens. It was the first 
water we had tasted since the fight began. 

Would we fight upon the morrow or not? We waited 
anxiously for the day to break, for the sun to rise. The 
enemy did not attack. We received no orders. Then by 
twos and threes our men began to sally forth ia search of 
lost comrades. The enemy had departed. On the stony 
pikes three miles awa}'^ could be heard the steady roar of 
their swiftly-driven trains. Three days afterwards, we 
started in slow and cautious pursuit. In three days more, 
we had found their rear guard. They were safe across Dick 



128 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



river, whose precipitous banks forbade pursuit. Such was 
General Buell's view. Bragg and Smith retreated unhind- 
ered through Cumberland Gap; their army was shipped by 
rail to Murfreesborough, and before Buell had recalled his 
scattered forces Bragg was threatening Nashville. He had 
driven the Federals out of Middle Tennessee, captured 25, 000 
prisoners, 81 cannon, 27,000 small ai-ms, 1,200 wagons ; 
killed and wounded 7,000 Federals, and gotten off scot-free 

with a larger army, 
better provisioned 
and equipped than 
when he marched 
out of Sequatchie 
valley on the 29th 
of August. He had 
done this in the 
face of a superior 
force of the enemy 
and with every ad- 
vantage of position 
in their favor. To 
compensate for its 
lost opportunities, 
the Army of Ohio 
had a new name 
and a new com- 
mander. 

The battle is 
one thing: its history another. History says truly that 
the battle of Perrj'ville was a Confederate victory. 
An army of twenty-five thousand fell upon one of 




Capt. L. Dwight Kee. 



L. Dwight Kke was a teacher of wide repute in the southern part of 
Ashtabula County where the 105th Ohio was mustered into service, and he 
was commissioned captain of Company I. He was a man of distinguished 
presence, high character and quickly mastered his duties. He was shot 
through the head at the battle of Perryville. Ky., forty-eight days after the 
regiment enlisted. He was greatly beloved by his men and universally 
respected by the officers of the regiment. It is a matter of regret that no 
fuller details of his life have been furnished for these pages. 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 12!> 

fifty thousiiucl; drove in every part of the line it iittiicked ; 
killed und wounded more than four thousand men; captured 
eleven guns and live hunch'ed prisoners, and so paralyzed its 
enemy that when it fell back he dare not pursue until three 
davs had intervened and there was no longer any danger of 
renewal of the conflict. To the Federals, it was not a very 
important engagement: they merel}' lost four thousand men 
and gained nothing. To the Confederates it was one of the 
most brilliant victories their arms achieved; the men they 
lost were simply the price paid to dislodge the enemy from 
the line of the Tennessee. It was not only a decisive victory 
i)nt an exceeding small price to pay for the advantage 
gained. How did it happen to l)e so cheaply won? 

There are two answers: the one that which history gives; 
the other that of common sense. History says it was a Con- 
federate victory l)ecause "the raw troops upon the left broke 
and fled in confusion at the first fire." More than a score 
of reputal)]e historians who have treated this campaign make 
substantially this statement. In this case history is not only 
false, but most absurdly and ridiculously false. There were 
only two brigades of raw troops in the left wing of the army 
at Perry ville. These composed the Tenth division. Their 
whole number was 5,557. The one was on the extreme right 
of McCooks line, the other on its extreme left. 

It is simply impossible that the failure on the part of 
two small, isolated brigtides to hold their respective 
positions should have enal)led twenty-five thousand Con- 
federates to overpower fifty thousand Federals, or have 
prevented thirty thousand fresh troops from pursuing and 
destroying an army which twenty thousand had repulsed 
with great loss, after a fight of unusual severity. 

How did such a mistake occur? General Buell's re- 
port* of the battle declared that "the suddenness and 
strength of the attack and the loss of two of their gallant 
leaders, Jackson and Terrill, caused some of the new troops 
of the Tenth division to fall into disorder, and threw the 
weight of the battle on the Third division. "' 



130 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

It is probable that this statement was largely based 
<jii the language of the young start' officer who reported the 
part taken by the Thirty-third brigade in that day's fight. 
Of course, General Buell did not speak of his own knowl- 
edge, for he knew nothing of the fight until it was nearly 
over, and then did not deem it necessary to come upon the 
field. Speaking of the Thousand in its first position this 
staff' officer says:* " In spite of the efforts of the officers, 
most of the men broke and fell back in great confusion." 
Speaking of the same regiment and some of the One Hun- 
dred and Twenty-third Illinois, in our second position, he 
says: "Here the conduct of some of the officers was dis- 
graceful." Lest there should be any mistake in regard to 
what regiments he includes in his condemnation, he adds 
immediately: • 'The Eightieth Illinois and Garrard's deta h- 
ment behaved well." These serious imputations Avhich 
have thus crystallized into history, compel a plain state- 
ment of the conditions affecting the conduct of these bri- 
gades, and especially of the two regiments thus officially 
denounced. 

These brigades — the Thirtj'-third and Thirty-fourth — 
were posted on the extreme left and right of the First 
■corps, about a mile apart. Gen. James S. Jackson, the 
division commander, remained with the Thirty-third bri- 
gade. They were all new troops, but that does not excuse 
them from any obligation to be good troops and brave men. 
If they were not such they deserve condemnation; if they 
were, those who set this ball of oblo(iuy in motion deserve 
to bear the shame of traducing brave men under cover of 
fortuitous rank. 

The fact that one of these brigades lost nineteen per 
cent, and the other twenty-two per cent, of their entire 
strength that da}' establishes, at least, a strong presumption 
that General Buell was in error in ascribing to them the 
misfortunes of his army, more than half of which was 
not used at all. The fact that every brigade along the 
front of the First corps wns forced from its position and 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 131 

driven buck nearly a mile, makes the selection of 
these new brigades for invidious rebuke, at least ungen- 
erous. Of course, not as much is to be expected of 
troops that have been in service less than three months as 
of veterans, and if they did anything like as good service 
in so hot a fight, they were entitled to praise rather than 
censure. Now, the plain truth is that these two brigades 
lost more men than the whole Third corps, and each of them 
more than the entire divisions of Sheridan and Mitchel, 
respectively, which have always been deservedly applauded 
for their magnificent conduct on this field. 

Let us go a step farther. In the nine brigades which 
were actively engaged that day, there were forty-three regi- 
ments. Of these, at least thirty were veteran organizations. 
All alike were driven from their positions, except those of 
the Third corps, who came in after the First corps had been 
repulsed. Of these fortv-three regiments, there were five 
which lost more than two hundred men each: the Tenth 
Ohio, 229; the Ninety-eighth Ohio, 229; the Seventy-fifth 
Illinois, 225; the Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, 216; the 
First Wisconsin, 204; the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, 
203. The four regiments whose losses were next highest 
were the Twenty-first Wisconsin, 197; the Fifteenth Ken- 
tucky, 196; the Third Ohio, 190; the One Hundred and 
Twenty-third Illinois, 189. Three of these regiments — the 
Ninety-eighth Ohio, the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio, and 
the One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois — belonged to the 
contemned " new troops of the Tenth division." It is not 
possible that troops who had been in service less than 
sixty days deserved to be singled out for opprobrium after 
such losses. 

The staflf oflficer referred to above, the acting adjutant 
general of the Thirty-third brigade, especially stigmatizes the 
One Hundred and Twenty-third Illinois and the One Hun- 
dred and Fifth Ohio, and particularly commends the two 
other organizations in the Twenty-third brigade. The 
simple truth is that these two regiments, constituting but 



132 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

sixty per cent, of the strength of the brigade, sustained 
seventy-eight per cent, of its entire loss in killed and eight}' 
per cent, of its loss in wounded. The One Hundred and 
Twenty-third Illinois lost almost twenty-six per cent, of its 
reported strength, and the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio 
thirty-two per cent, of its reported strength, or thirty-eight 
per cent, of the number actually engaged. The Eightieth 
Illinois lost only eleven per cent, of its strength; Garrard's 
detachment lost none killed, and but six wounded. This 
is uot said to contravene the statement that these latter or- 
ganizations •■l)ehaved well." but only to show that the stress 
of battle fell less heavily upon them, making good behavior 
a much easier matter. 

The brigade has been blamed for permitting its battery 
to be captured. It is said, that the men of the battery 
deserted Lieutenant Parsons while he was trying to bring 
one of the guns to bear on the enemy. It ma}' be true; but 
it must be remembered that those men had only had their 
liOi'ses two weeks and their guns only ten days. They had 
never tiled a shotted gun, and hardly a hundred blank car- 
tridges until that day. So fierce was the attack that there 
was only time to change direction of part of the guns, the 
others remaining as at first posted, trained to the northward. 
Yet they stood by their guns until they lost almost forty per 
cent. of the whole number engaged. It will not do to asperse 
the manhood of such men. The simple truth is that the 
loss of the battery and whatever confusion occurred in the 
regiments blamed for such loss, were the plain and evident 
results of unaccountable negligence in assigning it an unten- 
able position and of grave mismanagement of the infantry 
which this initial error occasioned. 

The battery was posted on the extreme left of a line 
facing eastward, with its guns pointing to the north. The 
enemy had already attacked the front of the line near where 
the right of our corps rested on Doctors Fork. This fact 
should have putdenerals Jackson and Terrill on the alert in 
expectation of an attack from that <lirection. Ninety 



THE BAPTISM OF FfRE. 13:! 

yards east of tbe battery s position l)egau a heavy wocxleil 
slope. No skirmishers were thrown forward, nor was any 
examination made of this wood. Just beyond the crest, 
at that very moment, lay one of the most noted brigades of 
the Confederate army. Tliey had only to climb the 
slope on the other side; deploy into line under cover of 
the wood and advance to the edge of the wood, 
along which ran a high rail-fence, to make the bat- 
tery's position wholly untenable. No sooner did they 
open fire and the peril of the battery become apparent 
to General Terrill, than he ordered the One Hundred 
and Twenty-third Illinois, which had just l)een rushed 
into position at the double, rear rank in front, to charge 
the enemy's line. Such an order was iustifinl)le only tf) 
gain time to withdraw the batter^' or for tiie arrival of 
expected succor. As an attempt to carry the enemy's posi- 
tion, or repel their attack, it was simple madness. 
The front already developed by their fire was more 
than double that of the assailing force. They were 
under cover in a thick wood with a high rail- fence 
along its edge. The perfectness of their cover may 
be judged from the fact that one of the Thousand said 
to the writer: '•! can see nothing to shoot at but the smoke 
of their guns. Shall I aim at that?" Against such a posi- 
tion, held by more than double their number, the One 
Hundred and Twenty-third was thrown across an open field. 
That they should be repulsed was inevitable; that there 
should be confusion was natural. No troops ever fell back 
after such repulse, under a withering fire, leaving one-fourth 
their number behind, without confusion. Instead of sneers 
and blame, they had bravely earned encomium. 

On the repulse of the One Hundred and Twenty-third 
Illinois, the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio was rushed in like 
manner, rear rank in front, to the extreme left of the new 
line, advanced into the open field, and assigned the hopeless 
task of repelling a greatly superior force posted under cover. 
It is more than proliable, considering what was actually ac- 



134 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

complished by the Thirty-third brigade that day, that, if 
they had been posted under cover along the fence at the 
edge of the wood thirty or forty yards in the rear of the 
battery and there allowed to await the enemy's attack, in- 
stead of being pushed into the open in detail, rear rank in 
front, the enemy would have been unable to dislodge them. 
As new troops, unaccustomed to tactical maneuvers, com- 
mon sense demanded that they should be so handled as to 
avoi<l confusion therefrom as much as possible. 

The fear of losing his battery evidently blinded Gener- 
al Terrill to all other considerations. Instead of posting the 
infantry of his brigade in such position as to prevent the 
enemy from securing the fruits of their surprise, he thought 
only of regaining the guns already lost by neglect of ordi- 
nary care in posting them. Skilled soldier as he was, he 
did not show on the one field of battle where he held high 
command, that power of instant adaptation which is 
essential to success. 

This is not said in blame. Truer or braver men than 
General Jackson and General Terrill never lived; and they 
had no more sincere mourners than the officers and men of 
the Thousand. They were the victims of a strange over- 
sight, whether their own or another's cannot now be deter- 
mined. General Jackson fell before there was time to do 
anything towards remedying this mistake. The peril was 
instant and overwhelming. He met it like a man and gave 
his life to redeem the error. The same is true of General 
Terrill. No man in his command could have any desire to 
cast blame upon him; all most willingly shared his misfort- 
unes. All that is desired is to call attention to the fact 
that "the new troops of the Tenth division" should not be 
blamed for the mishaps made inevitable t»y the failure to 
recounoiter the position of the guns. 

But there is another witness who ought in justice to be 
called to testify of the conduct of the Thirty-third brigade 
that day — the enemy. 

Maney s brigade, of Cheatham's division of the Con- 
federate army of Mississippi,! which was in our front was 



THE BAPTISM OF FIRE. 135 

composed of the Forty-first Georgia, the First, Sixtli, Niuth, 
and Twenty-seventh Tennessee. It liad no need for a 
scapegoat, and no prejudice against new troops. It wa?^ 
already famous as a fighting brigade and maintained that 
reputation to the end of the war. Its loss that day was 
one-third greater than any other brigade on the Confeder- 
ate side. Until they passed the strip of woods in rear of 
the knoll on which Parsons' battery stood, not a single 
shot was fired at them except from the guns of that battery 
and the rifles of the Thirty-third brigade. The commander 
of every regiment in that brigade made a full report of its 
part in the fight. What is their testimony ? Major John 
D. Knight, of the Forty-first Georgia, speaks of our fire as 
••most terrific and deadly. Just at this place, " he says, 
speaking of their position in our front, -'our regiment sus- 
tained half, if not two-thirds, their entire loss during the 
battle." That loss was one hundred and fifty-one, in- 
cluding six color-heari'rs. The first Tennessee was "in the 
rear of the left of the brigade,"' and so lost "only three or 
four at this point. " Colonel Porter, commanding the Sixth 
Tennessee, reports: " It was here, at the fence and be- 
tween it and the point where the battery was in position. 
that this regiment sustained its greatest loss. Here toax 
the liotfest part of the engagement." This regiments loss 
was one hundred and seventy-nine, including tvio captainx 
and three color-hearers., killed before they reached the crest 
of the knoll. Major George W. Kelsoe, of the Ninth Ten- 
nessee, speaks of our fire as "a most galling" one. and 
mentions that the commander of his regiment, Lieutenant- 
Colonel Buford, was wounded and /»v> company commanders 
and the color-hearer killed in their final charge upon the 
battery. The loss of this regiment was one hundred and 
fifty-four. Lieutenant-Colonel W. Frierson, of the Twenty- 
ninth Tennessee, speaks of our fire as "such a storm of 
shell, grape and Minie balls as no troops scarcely ever before 
encountered," which, if hardly correct, is certainly em- 
phatic. This regiment had two color-hearers killed and a 



im THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

third iiinrtally ivmiiu/ed. Tlieir loss was one lumdred and 
eiglit out of two lumdred and ten engaged. 

Thus the dead and the living of our victorious enemy 
testify that if tiie men of the thirty-third brigade were new 
soldiers, they were stout fighters. As for them, we can 
truly say that it was an honor which even the memor}' of 
defeat cannot dull, to have been christened veterans by the 
onset of such valorous foes as Maney's Confederate 
brierade. 



* The report of General Buell upon the battle of Perryville, dated a 
monlh after his removal from command Is found in Part I, volume XVI, 
.Series I of the 'Orticial Records" of the " Union and Confederate Armies," 
pages 102:M036. 

The report of General A. McD. IVIcCool<, who commanded the 1st Army 
Corps, dated October 18th, is to be foimd on pages 1038-10-14 of the same 
volume. 

The report of Brigadier-General Rousseau, commanding the Third Divi- 
son. is found on page 1044, and the part especially stigmatizing the troops of 
the Tenth Division on page 1046. 

The report of Captain Percival P. Oldershaw, General Tenth Division is 
to be found in the same volume, pages 1059-1062. 

The report of Captain William P. Anderson, A. A. G. 2.3d Brigade is to be 
found on page 1062 of the same volume. 

The report of Colonel Albert S. Hall, commanding 105th O. V. I. is to be 
found on page 1064, and also again in the appendi.x of this volume. 

The reports of the officers commanding the regiment constituting Maney's 
Brigade, Cheatham's Division of the Confederate Army of the Mississippi, 
may be found in the same volume, beginning on page 1113 continuing to page 
1119. General Braxton Bragg's report of this battle may be found on page 
1088. volume XVI. P.irt I. Series I of the "Official Records." 



+ It may be interesting to know that General Hardee, commanding the left 
wing of the Confederate Army, claims the capture of this battery. The 
repulse of the Tenth Division for the right Brigade of his command, in his 
report on page 1121 of volume 16, part 1 of the official records will be found 
this statement: "This combined attack was irrcsisiiljle, and drove the 
enemy in wild disorder from the position nearly a mile in the rear. Cheat- 
ham and Wood captured the enemy's battery in front of Wood, and among 
the pieces, and amid the dead and dying was found the body of General 
James S. Jackson, who commanded a division of the enemy at that point." 
Evidently General Hardee was determined to claim all that was in sight. 
Cheatham's division were the only troops engaged in the attack upon the 
troops of the Tenth Division, in this part of the field, though it is possible 
that in the advance afterwards made by Wood upon the left of Cheatham, he 
may have passed over the same ground 




XT. 

BlJTWEEN THE ACTS. 

^gg^^ HE loss of Parsons' Biitteiy was 

^^ -^ a serious blow, not merely to tlie 

^^ ^ self-esteem of the l)rigade, but es- 

pecially to the regiments, whose 
oflieers and men had volunteered 
to form this organization. The 
following account of Captain Cum- 
ings, now Commander-in-chief of 
the Grand Army of the Rei)ub- 
A r /^ i/\ f^t0 lie, Department of Pennsylvania, 

of the organization of the battery, 
its service and the life and death 
of its accomplished Commander will be of interest to the 
reader: 

Par.sons" Battery. 
Parsons' Battery was organized from details of men 
and officers taken from the 105th O. V. I., 80th Ills., 128d 
Ills, and 101st Tnd. while in camp in Louisville, Ky., early 
in Sept. 1802. Col. A. S, Hall asked for volunteers from 
our regiment to join the l)attery. Among the officers who 
volunteered wi-re 2nd Lieut. W. H. Osborn of Co. I and 
myself. The battery was commanded by Lieut. Charles C. 
Parsons of the 4th U. S. Regular Artiller}'. It had five 
Napoleons or light 12 pounder brass guns, one tlii'ee inch 
rifled l^arrott and two 12 pounder howitzers. The organi- 
zation of this battery was the idea of Brig. (len. W. R. Ter- 
rill \vh(j commanded our brigade. He had recently V>eeu 

137 



138 



THE ^rORY OF A THOUSAND. 



promoted from cuptain of battery M oth U. S. Artillery mid 
was ail enthusiastic artillerist. He had achieved much dis- 
tinction with his battery at Shiloh and won his promotion 
thereby. Lieut. Parsons was a man of singular purity and 




C.\PT.\rx H. H. CcMiNGS. 



Henry H.\krison Cr.Mr.x ;■; was born in Monmouth, 111., December 1, 
IH-IO; was son of Charles antl iOmily (Amsden) Cuminvrs; was fjreat <,'rand- 
son of Benjamin Cumings. who was private in the HoUis, X. H. Company o^ 
Colonel Prescotfs regiment, at the battle of [Junker Hill, and afterward.s 
lieutenant in a New Hampshire regiment, with Washington at JSrooklyn and 
about New York, and at Princeton. He is also, on the maternal side a great 
(grandson of Lieutenant Abram Amsden, of the Vermont troops in the Revolu- 
tionary war. He removed with his father to Madison, Ohio, in 1852; worked 
on his father's farm summers and attended school winters, lirst at tlie dis- 
trict school, then at Madison, Ohio, .Seminary, then at the Grand River 
Institute at Austinburfrh, Ohio. He entered Oberlin College in the freshniau 



JJHTWKEN TIIK ACTS. VM 

sincerity, an able and uccuiuplislied officer, ii graduate of 
AV'est Point Military Academy and in every respect a man 
of most admirable qualities and character. Gen. Terrill 
spent much time with the battery and paid great attention 
to its equipment and the drill of its officers and men, and 
we were rapidly getting into shape to do effective service. 
At Perryville the battery in going into action immediately 
preceded our regiment and unlimbered on the ridge where 
our regiment fought. 

We were overwhelmed by the enemy in a very short 
time, before it was possible to get all the guns into position. 
I commanded one section composed of two 12 pounders 
and that day my section had the right of the battery 
and went into position on the right of the line just at the 
right of the position that the 105th Ohio soon took. Being 
on the right we were able to stay by our guns longer than 
the other detachments of the battery. The last gun fired 
from the battery was my right gun, which I fired with my 
own hands. Gen. Terrill was with us, directing the work- 
ing of the guns during most of the short engagement. Gen. 
Jackson passed me and spoke to me but a moment before 
he fell. The enemy took all our guns except one howitzer, 
which being in the rear did not have time to get into action. 



class in 1859, taught school winters and studied the rest of the time at Ober- 
lin. until the last of June, 186:2, when he left college to enter the 105th. but 
was graduated with his class (that of 1862). 

After the war he came to the oil country of Pennsylvania, and in June, 
1866, settled at Tidioute, Pa., where he has since resided. He has been 
engaged in retining oil. in pipe line transportation and in various operations, 
chiefly western laud speculations, banking, and in recent years lumbering in 
southeast Missouri, in connection with the Missouri Lumber and Mining 
Company, of which he is president, at Grandin, Mo. He has never held 
olttce except the non-salaried local oftices of his town, many of which he has 
tilled, among which he has served as president of the Tidioute School Board 
for some ten years, a position which he still holds (1895), and is proud of. As 
a citizen he has always felt much interest in the success of the Republican 
party, and has served as a member of the State Central Committee, and as 
delegate to many political conventions, among them the Republican National 
Convention at Chicago, in 1888. He is a member of Colonel George A. Cob- 
ham Post G. A. R., and of the Loyal Legion Coramandery of Pennsylvania. 
At the encampment of the Grand Army Department of Pennsylvania for 
1895, he was unanimously chosen Department Commander, which position he 
now holds. 



140 THE STORY OF A TJIOi'SANJf. 

In trying to linilx'i' up one of our guns, when the infantry 
fell buck, the driver and every horse attached to the limber 
were shot dead and fell into a heap. I saw them the next 
day, lying on the field as they fell. The enemy pulled our 
guns off the field but were unable to take them away and 
they were the next day recovered l)y our troops. 

After the Ijattle the battery was dislianded, the officers 
and men returned to their regiments. Lieut. Parsons 
served with distinction in command of batteries H and INI 
4th U. 8. Artillery at the battle of Stone River and on 
detached service elsewheres, was on duty at U. S. Military 
Academy, West Point, for some years after the war, 
resigned and entered the Episcopal ministry and died of 
yellow fever at Memphis, Tenn., in 1S78. His death fit- 
tingly closed his worthy life and illustrated the nol)le char- 
acter of the man. I add the tril)ute paid to his memory at 
the time of his death by the Memphia Acd/mir/n. 

{From the Mcmpluf^ Acalnnclu., Sept. l,'^'7<S.j 

A MARTYR OF '7S. 

Death aimed high when his fateful dart struck down 
Charles C. Parsons, late colonel of the United States army 
and rector of Grace Episcopal church. Yet the mark was 
fair and near and bared for the blow. 

Into the room of disease the Christian soldier marched. 
The hand which had applied the match to cannon on the 
l)attlefleld lifted the dying head, cheered with prayer the 
departing soul day and night. To his own fated exposure, 
this man invaded the strongholds of the plague, carrj'ing 
help to the body and the soul of many stricken men. Death 
struck hard and true. The chivalrous soldier; the honored 
shepherd of a flock; the courteous, polished West Pointer, 
the favorite friend particularly of the young of Memphis, 
was borne to his last resting place. Over his grave, in 
marble, let this ])e cut: 

'• .\ MAUTVR OF '7S. 
He died for the people against whom he had fought." 



JiETWKKX TlIK ACTS. 141 

Capt. Curaings is pmhulily mistakou in rt'gai.i to the 
recovery of the guns. Jjieuteiiant Win. B. Turner that (hiy 
in command of Smiths Mississippi Confederate Battery, 
which operated upon our extreme k-ft, says in his report of 
this battle: '-I immediately opened an enfilading fire on 
them, at the distance of 2'ti) or 800 ^-ards, witii canister, 
and continued it with shell and spherical case as the enemy 
retired. This continued until our forces had so far advancecl 
as to be between our battery and the enemy's infantry, 
when we commenced replying to a battery of the 
enemy, which had annoyed us considerably, opening 
upon us with guns of heavier caliber than ours as soon as we 
commenced our firing. I continued tliis until I received 
orders from (jeneral Cheatham to cease firing, and our 
infantry advanced and took the battery opposing us. (This 
no doubt refers to one of the batteries on Starkweathers 
line, though he is in error in regard to the capture. — -W) 
I then advanced the battery to a position farther to the 
front, to open on a battery which was firing on Captain 
Carnes' battery, when I received orders from General Clieat- 
ham to withdraw my ])attery to the rear. 

"After night 1 received orders from Capt. M. Smitii to 
send my horses and liml)ers to the front, and withdraw 
some of the enemys guns which had been captured, the 
enemy having taken off most of their limbers with their 
horses. I brought off all I could find (excepting two cais- 
sons which were disaltled) amounting to five 12-pounder Na- 
poleon guns (brass), one 12 -pounder howitzer gun (brass), 
and one G-pounder Parrott gun (steel) with two liinl)ers and 
two caissons without limbers, filled with ammunition for the 
Napoleon guns. During the night, I exchanged my two (!- 
pounder guns for two of the Napoleon guns together witli 
the ammunition, and the next morning, on our leaving for 
Harrodsburg, ray men, by order of Capt. M. Smitii, dis- 
mantled the guns which we were unable to take with us." 

These were, evidently, the guns of our battery. The 
entire numV)er of guns captured that day, according to Gen. 



142 THE STORY OF A T HO US AND. 

Bragg's report, was twelve. There is an error of one in 
this, as ours was counted as an eight-gun battery, though 
l)ut seven were captured. Of these two of the Napoleons 
were taken by the battery serving with Maneys Brigade. 

In part 2, volume XVI, Series I of the official records, 
will be found the following, showing the farther disposition 
made by the confederates of the two guns captured from 
our battery and given to Maneys battery: 

Headquarters Army of Tennessee. 

TuLLAiioMA, April 8. 1863. 
Brig. Gen. Geo. Maxey, SIi<lliyi-ill>\ Tenn. 

General: 1 am instructed by the commanding general 
to advise you he wishes your battery composed of guns 
taken from the enem}'. You will, therefore, turn over one 
of your guns turned over to you from Captain Semple"s 
battery to the reserve. He also directs that the names of 
four of the bravest Tennessee men who were killed on the 
field be inscribed upon guns. The man to engrave them 
will be in a few days at your camp, to whom you will give 
the names of men to be engraved, and report the same to 
the general commanding. 

^'ery respectfully, your obedient servant. 

H. Oladowski, 
Lieutenant-Colonel, Ordnance Duty. 

Headquarters Maney s Brig., Cheatham's Div. , Polk's Corps. 
Camp near Shelbyville, April 10, 1863. 

lilKUTENANT CoL. H. OlADONVSKI, 

Ch'ivf of Onhmnce^ Army of Tennessee: 

Colonel: Your note, conveying directions of the com- 
manding general in reference to my battery, was received 
this morning. The gun from Captain Semples battery will 
be turned over to the reserve whenever commanded. 

The instructions of the commanding general as to the 
inscription of names on the pieces is highly gratifying to 
me, and will be appreciated by my entire command. Your 
note expresses that 



BETWEEX THE ACTS. 143 

Tlie names of the four hrorrst Tcniussrr nun tc/io were 
killed be Inscribed upon guns. 

I feel it proper to mention in this connection that while 
my command at Perryville contained four Tennessee regi- 
ments, each one of which can afford many names eminently 
<leserving the appropriate honor designated, the Forty. first 
Georgia was also part of my brigade at the time, and par- 
ticipated with the Tennessee regiments, and with like valor 
and devotion, in the severe conflict, resulting in the capture 
of a quantity of the enemy's artillery; further, it may be 
noted, this was the only regiment, not of Tennessee in the 
entire division engaged on our extreme right, and I must 
add. as my conviction, the Southern Army lost neither a 
truer soldier or more amiable and admirable gentleman on 
that field than Col. Charles A. McDaniel, the commander of 
that regiment. 

If it be the desire of the commanding general to bestow 
a compliment encouraging and appropriate to the Tennessee 
troops through my brigade as a medium, the inscription 
should properly be limited to the names of Tennesseeans ; 
but if the purpose be to honor the fallen braves of this par- 
ticular brigade, then justice, far more than any generosity, 
will strongly direct attention to the name of Col. McDaniel 
for an inscription. 

I respectfull}' and earnesth' suggest, that, as the bat- 
tery complete will contain just one gun for a suitable name 
from each of my four Tennessee regiments, it would be a pro- 
found gratification to me to be allowed the privilege of in- 
scribing the name of Col. McDaniel on one of the guns cap- 
tured by my brigade at the battle of Murfreesborough, the 
gun to be presented to some Georgia battery, as a token of 
respectful memory on the part of my command for a gallant 
soldier of a diflTerent State from themselves, who gave up his 
life fighting side by side with them, for the results, what- 
ever they be, of usefulness to the country or honor to them- 
.selves, achieved on the field of Perryville. 
Very respectfully, etc., 

Geo. Manev. Brig. -Gen'l Commandinij. 



144 



THE STORY OF A TIIOUSAXI). 



The author has made some effort to trace these oiui-; 
farther but lias Ijeeu unable to do so. 

Some of the experiences of members of the Thousand 
connected with this battle are worthy of record. 

Corporal Norris L. Gage of Company G., a handsome 
young fellow, slow of speech but of a specially courteous 
manner, being twice wounded in the heat of the fight, 
turned to the lieutenant in rear of his position, using his 

rifle as a stafl', and ask- 
ed with the habitual 
salute: -'Lieutenant, 
can you tell me where 
I can find a hospital?"" 
The officer could only 
point to the rear and 
ask •• Are you badly 
hurt?"' "Twice" was 
the reply, and he added, 
regretfully, '-I'm 
afraid my fighting days 
are over. ' So t ii e y 
were; disabled by his 
wound, the Thousand 
saw him no more. 




<'0HP. X. T>. Gage. 

Captain Byron W. 

Canfield of Company E.. was one of the brightest and 

pleasantest officers of the regiment, fond of a jest 

and always making light when others were inclined to 

inuimui'. While we were at the lane in rear of our 

first position a bullet struck him just at the angle of 

the forehead, plowing a furrow along the paiting of his 



NoKHis L. Gage was born in Sheffield, Ohio. At the time of his enlist- 
ment he was attending Kingsville Academy, preparinf; for college. He was 
twice wounded, almost at the same instant, at Perryville. October 8. 186i 
After his recovery, he was engas-'ed in various clerical pursuits for some 
years. He afterwards entered the service of the Santa Fe Railway: then 
engaged in mining in California, and for several years past, has been in- 
terested in various railway enterprises 



BETWEEN THE ACT,S. 145 

hair. Picking up his hat which tlie bullet had kuocked <jtf' 
he turned to his first sergeant who stood beside him and 
pointing to the wound, asked with a grin, — 

"Moffatt, do you see any brains?" "Lord, no, 'replied 
Moffatt, who was as much of a wag as his captain. "Did 
you think I'd got a microscope? " 

Comrade Charles Radcliffe relates that while the fire was 
hottest the men in the front rank of Company F, to shield 
themselves a little behind the crest of the knoll, knelt down 
or rather crouched down to load. While in this position the 
man upon his left was struck and tank down in a heap. 
Leaning over him to inquire how l)adly he was hurt, a bullet 
cut his right sleeve and made a flesh wound in his arm. If 
he had not leaned over to aid his friend, it would have struck 
him full in the breast. 



The Majors horse was wounded and became unmanage- 
able. Though he had two other horses shot under him dur- 
ing his service, he always refers to this one, with special 
regret because of "a bottle of excellent whiskey which was 
in one of the holsters." Telling his loss to Hartzell, the wag 
of the line, that worthy screwed up his face in the peculiar 
way that always preceded a jeu d'esprit, and replied: 

" You see Major, the disadvantage of being too temper- 
ate. I might have lost the l)ottte, but the whiskey — never!" 

"Sachie, ' a young soldier of Company G, whose name 
as enrolled on the roster, was Eaton, though no one ever 
gave him that appellation, was the life of his company and, 
indeed, of the whole left wing, through his irresistible ten- 
dency for "turning to mirth all thing.s of earth." Just be- 
fore we came into action that day, while the Thousand was 
halted under the oaks through the branches of which the 
enemy's shells were flying now and then, Sachie turned to 
the officer near him with a countenance of ludicrous concern 
and said, in a hesitating manner and with his inimitable Jisp: 

"Lieutenant, if you think it would be all the same to 
Uncle Sam, I'd like to knock oflf about half a day!" 



k 



146 TUB STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

A lieutenant who got separated from his command just 
as it entered the corn-field after passing the woods in rear 
•of the batter}-, having been stunned by the explosion of u 
shell which buried itself in the ground near him, found the 
•enemy in uncomfortable proximity when he became conscious 
again, and made a dash into the corn-field. The fire was 
very hot and he was in instant expectation of being struck as 
he pushed on, dodging from row to row, with the idea of con- 
fusing the aim of those who were firing at him; for of 
course, he thought the whole Confederate army had their eyes 
on him. Presently a sharp stinging sensation on his right 
side told him that he had been hit. He wondered that he did 
not faint or feel any serious inconvenience. As he neared the 
crest of the hill, however, he felt the warm blood trickling 
down his side and concluded that he had been seriously hurt. 
In a little while he passed round the left of Starkweathers 
right regiment then hotly engaged with the enemy who were 
in his rear, and found the fragments of the brigade, in their 
new position; General Terrill sitting upon a log the picture 
of utter woefulness. 

Some of his comrades sprung forward at his approach 
and one of them who had been a medical student, hearing 
of his hurt, proceeded in the masterful way which superior 
knowledge inspires, to examine the same. The hole in the 
blouse was found, the blouse and vest and shirt removed; 
there was a twinge of pain and then a grunt of satisfaction 
from the operator. Fortunately for the lieutenant he wore 
a silk undershirt. The ball was evidently somewhat spent and 
though it penetrated the outer clothing, had merely im- 
bedded itself with a fold of the silk, a little way into 
the muscle and came out with the cloth with a sudden jerk. 
The medical student was delighted and those who had 
gathered round congratulated the new comer upon his rare 
good luck. 

" But how came there to be so much blood?" asked the 
bewildered fellow. 

''Blood, ' said his friend. "You haven't lost a 
spoonful. " 



BETWEEN THE ACTS. 



147 



"Haven't? Why it ran all down ray side" was the reply. 

The friend clapped his hand upon the other's clothing. 
Sure enough, it was drenched. He drew his hand away; 
looked at it, smelled of it; then sat down bursting with 
laughter. 

•' Coffee!" was all he could say. 

Sure enough the thrifty lieutenant had filled his canteen 
with coffee that morning and had treasured it with exceed- 
ing care. The bullet had passed through the canteen about 
the middle before reaching him and the jar of his motion 
had slowly spilled the coffee through the holes it made 
which, as it trickled down, he had mistaken for blood. 



Comrade H. E. 
Paine tells how he 
and another drum- 
mer boy being on 
duty with the stretch- 
ers for the first time 
in action that day. 
were half -compel led 
and half-persuaded, 
by an officer of an- 
other regiment not 
even l)elonging to 
our division, to go 
into the fire-swept 
space between the 
contending lines, 
to bring off his 
wounded brot her. 
He went with them 
to point out the way, 
but when he came 
near took shelter behind a tree and left the drummer boys. 




H. E. Paine, Musician. 



Hendricks E. Paine was born in Le Roy, Ohio, in 1845. He came of good 
fighting slocli, having no less than three near relatives of the same name who 
rose to the rank of brigadier-general in the war of Rebellion. Because of 
his youth and delicacy of frame, he was unable to enlist until he joined the 



148 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

to rescue his brother, which they did. They are not sorry 
now that they did it, l)ut only the new recruit coukl be 
induced to undertake such u foolhardy thing. 



The disappearance of Sergeant Joseph George, is one of 
the masteries of that Vjattlefleld which will never be un- 
ravelled. He was, with the exception of Jerry Whetstone, the 
tallest man in the regiment. He had been in the three- 
months" service and was in all respects a model soldier. 
During the fight in our advanced position, he loaded and fired 
with the utmost coolness. When we fell back into the wood 
he took his stand behind a tree and continued to fire upon 
the advancing enemy. When, convinced that it was useless 
to attempt any further resistance to the strong line advan- 
cing upon us. General Terrill gave the order to fall back, the 
writer went and gave the order to George and some others 
near the lane fence who had not heard it. George's answer 
was "Just as soon as I have one more shot." 

None of the regiment ever saw him again. He was 
not among the dead on this part of the field and whether he 
was killed or wounded and captured, no one knew, until his 
name was found among those interred in a national ceme- 
tery. There was rumor of a very tall man found among 
the dead of the Seventy-ninth Pennsylvania, which came 
to the knowledge of the writer afterwards when on duty with 
one of its officers, but he was unable to verify it. As that 
regiment was in our rear, it is more than probable that 
Sergeant George fell back through the corn-field and took 
his place in their line and was the tall stranger who attracted 
attention and fell while fighting with them. 



10.5th a.s a drummer. He was a univer.sal favorite because of his fine appear- 
ance, obliging character and close attention to duty. He was a special 
favorite with Colonel ToUes, who was never tired of doing favors for the 
bright lad, who had found a way to overcome his gruffness. He was trans- 
ferred by special order of the War Department to the headquarters of his 
uncle, General E. A. P.iine, in February, 1863. 

After the close of the war, he became interested in oil, and finally settled 
at Scranton. He is engaged in various business enterprises, he is a member 
of the Hoard of Trade— a bank director and one of the foremost citizens of 
that prosperous city. 



BETWEEN THE ACTS. U9 

No man of the regiment will ever forget the agony, 
which settled afterwards into deep dejection, of Lieutenant, 
afterwards Captain Spaulding, whose brother, Asa, was killed 
in this engagement. As we faced to the rear and advanced 
in line, the lieutenant left his post long enough to rush to 
the other flank of the company and grasp his brother's 
hand. 

" Be a man, Asa! " were his only words; to which his 
brother responded "I will." 

We found him lying beside che oak where he had fired 
his last shot with a bullet through his head. A year after- 
ward, as we bore the brother from the field of Chickamauga, 
he said as he listened to the roar of guns in our rear " I am 
glad I am not leaving Asa there! "" Little did the gallant 
soldier realize how near was his meeting with the young 
brother whose death had hung so heavily upon his heart — 
all the more heavily because the lad had enlisted against 
the protest of his sister whose only hope these two heroic 
brothers were. 



Captain Edward V. Bowers of Company K was one 
of the oldest men in the Regiment. He was a minister of 
the Grospel, a Methodist perhaps, of gentle, courteous 
nature, a little stooping in the shoulders, with a hint of 
grey in his beard. His habit of life had fitted him better 
for remonstrance than command. It was nothing less than 
a misfortune that he was not made our chaplain instead of 
the man who drew pay as such. In that position he would 
have been a blessing and an honor to the regiment. As 
captain of Company K he was careful and anxious for the 
health, comfort and welfare of his men; but not being 
smart in appearance, or an adept in mastering his tactics, 
he was the object of some cheap wit among certain of the 
line oflflcers who were greatly his inferiors in fact, and by 
no means a favorite with the Colonel. He was scrupulous 
in the performance of duty, but did not always realize the 
necessit}' of form and discipline. He used to invite those 



150 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

of his men who desired to do so, to unite with him in his 
evening devotions, until informed that it was "prejudicial 
to good order and military discipline " to pray with his men, 
though quite permissible to swear at them. 

It was on the field of Perryville that the sterling qual- 
ities of this curiously misplaced man appeared. The writer 
will never forget the calmness with which he stood in his 
place uttering words of encouragement to his men, quite 
unmoved by the leaden hail that hurtled past. Turning to 
the officer nearest him, he said with characteristic self- 
depreciation : 

"If any orders should come please let me know; I 
think I do not hear as well as some." 

After the battle was over that night. Captain Bowers 
gathered a few of the more religiously inclined of the regi- 
ment about him and in a little depression of the hill on 
which we lay, held a service of prayer. It was very quietly 
done, but when the notes of a hymn reached the e.irs of the 
Colonel, now commanding the brigade, he sent at once to 
"stop the racket that old fool Bowei's was making to draw 
the enemy's fire on us! "'■• 

Aside from the fact that not a gun had been fired for 
hours and that the roar of a shattered army moving toward 
its new lines was all about us, it is altogether probable that 
the Colonel's angry command could have been heard farther 
than the words of the softly-chanted hymn. 



Elbridge T. Early of Company K was shot in the hip 
and also in the head at Perryville. His wounds called forth 
a letter of commendation from Col. Hall, which was well- 
merited, as some extracts will show. Early was taken sick 
and sent to the hospital in Lexington, where he was with 
several others when the enemy took the city and the 
retreat to Louisville began. Col. Hall writing after 
Perryville, said: "A week passed by and no tidings 
came from them; almost another, and still no tidings, 
when one morning young Early reported for duty, no 



BETWEEN THE ACTS. 151 

parole disgracing his pockets. When he learned the 
city (Lexington) was being abandoned, though reduced by 
fever, he crawled from his cot and made his escape from the 
hospital and the city; and evading the enemy at Paris and 
Cynthina, avoiding the roads, and traveling by night 
through the woods and fields, he at length made his way to 
Covington, over one hundred miles. From thence he came 
to Louisville and rejoined his regiment. 

"He was much worn down, and greatly enfeebled, but 
the fire of patriotism was yet beaming in his eye, and the 
unconquerable spirit of a true soldier, could l)e seen in 
every motion. 

'•On the first day of October, the bugle sounded the 
advance, and all were directed to remain who did not feel 
able to participate. It was the long-roll for battle, and 
Early, though still feeble, would not remain behind. He 
was with us — shared our fatigue, our hunger and our thirst. 
He knows what it is to march, after being two days without 
bread, subsisting upon corn and bacon, eight miles without 
water, and then without resting, to participate in the bloodiest 
and most desperate battle of the rebellion. He fought in 
the front line, and though wounded in the hip, kept fighting 
still, until stricken down by a ball, piercing his temple. No 
man could conduct himself more gallantly. He is entitled 
to a proud place in the affection of all patriots." 

Six months afterwards comrade Early was discharged 
and is yet living, treasuring the letter of his old commander 
as a priceless heritage. By accident the name is given both 
in the Roster and the tables as Elbridge F. Early. This 
was not discovered until the plates had been cast. 

Ira Nye, of Company F, was one of those strange 
instances of presentiment fulfilled that are to be found so 
often in the soldier's experience as almost to cease to be 
regarded as notable. From the very date of his enlistment, 
he insisted that he would be killed in the first engagement. 
This impression he repeated about the time the regiment 



152 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

left Louisville, and when nearing the field of action hade 
his friends in Co, E. farewell, saying to one of them that 
his hour had come. He did not let this feeling influence 
his conduct, but went bravely on and was shot through the 
heart in our most advanced position. Writing home some 
time before, he said he wished --to be remembered as a 
good soldier." The man who faces the enemy with the 
certainty of death in his mind, certainly deserves to have 
this modest ambition realized. 



In preparing the foregoing account of the part of the 
105th Ohio in the battle of Penyville. the author has been 
greatly assisted by the recollections of more than fifty of 
the survivors who kindly responded to his request fia- the 
same. While, in the main, agreeing with each other, there 
were some glaring and irreconcilable diflferences. In such 
cases there was nothing to do but accept the weight of evi- 
dence. In one case, the most positive averment of one man 
was expressly contravened by more than twenty others in 
an equally positive manner. 

The charge made upon Terrills and Starkweather's 
brigades b}' the three brigades of Cheatham's division and 
Liddell of Buckner's, was regarded as of such unusual and 
desperate character as to deserve extraordinary honor, as 
the following order will show: 

General Orders. Headquarters Army of Tennessee, 

No. 1. TuLLAHOMA, Te.vn.. Nov. 23, 1802. 

1. — The several regiments, battalions, and independent 
companies engaged in the ever-memorable battle at Perry- 
ville. Kentucky, on October 8, in which the}- achieved a 
signal victory over the enemy numbering three to their one, 
and drove him from the field with terrible slaughter and the 
loss of his artillery, will inscribe the name of that field on 
their colors. The corps of Cheatham's division which made 
the gallant and desperate charge resulting in the capture of 



BETWEEN THE ACTS. 153 

the enemy's batteries, will in uddition to the name, place 
the cross cannon inverted. 

By command of General Braijij: 

Georcje Wm. Brent. 

Assistant Adjutant General. 



XII. 

A STIRRING WINTKR 

THE glare of ])iittle in one 
hour transforms the recruit into 
a veteran. It does not teach 
him tactics. The wheelings and 
facings of the drill-ground, the 
combinations of battalion and 
brigade evolutions may still be 
mysteries to him, but the inex- 
pressible something which dis- 
tinguishes between the recruit 
and the veteran has trans- 
formed him into a soldier. He 
has not learned how to maneu- 
ver but he has learned how to 
fight. When once he has stood 
up to be shot at, all the rest of 
his education is mere form; 
he is already a veteran, knowing that which lies beyond 
drill and discipline and is the real marrow of a soldier's life. 
Perr3-ville was the last of the autumn battles. The 
Thousand buried its dead and marched, three days afterward 
to Danville, twelve miles away, where it lay eight days, 
when the brigade was ordered in hot haste to Lebanon, Ken- 
tuck}^, to repel an anticipated attack by the rebel general. 
John H. Morgan, who having slipped to the rear of the 
Federal columns which were cautiously escorting Bragg out 
of the State, was at his favorite occupation — cutting lines 

151 




" A Veteran.' 



A STIRRING WINTER. 155 

of supply, capturing trains and detaclied posts. General 
Buell focussed his attention on this pestiferous antagonist 
with a celerity and energy in curious contrast with his 
demeanor toward Morgan's superior. He did not seem to 
realize that the way to dispose of Morgan was to destroy 
Bragg. 

This was the beginning of months of weary chasing after 
the bold cavalier, whose excellent mounts and thorough 
knowledge of the country enabled him easily to elude the 
'•dough-boys," who, though many times his number, 
tramped up and down, and back and forth along strange 
roads, in rain and snow, by night and day, seeking and 
finding him not, save when, now and then, he pounced 
down on some undefended train or unsuspecting post. 
Then there was a sudden flurry, a sharp skirmish, a quick 
surrender, and the restless partisan was far beyond pursuit 
before the lagging infantry could be started after him. 

There is something ludicrous in the method that was 
adopted to protect the long line of supplies and the exposed 
flank of an army operating nearly two hundred miles from 
its base, against the incursions of mounted rangers, issuing 
from the defiles of the Cumberland mountains, and retiring 
thither when pursued. Indeed, the aversion which our 
government showed to the enlistment and proper employ- 
ment of cavalry in the early days of the war is wholly un- 
accountable, unless one keeps in mind the fact that there 
was a general belief among army men of the old school, that 
rifles and sharp shooters had destroyed the efficiency of cav- 
alry as a fighting arm. Instead of cavalry we had, there- 
fore, a multitude of little infantry posts, interspersed, now 
and then, with one of greater strength composed of infantry 
and artillery, while regiments, and sometimes whole brig- 
ades, were detailed as guards for the immense trains made 
necessary by the transportation of supplies over great dis- 
tances. Every bridge on every line of railway had its little 
stockade and guard of five, ten, fifty, or a hundred men, 
whose duty it was to prevent its being burned, or the track 



156 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

torn up by "bushwhackers" or ■•guerrillas. " as the bands of 
disaffected partisans were termed. Against raiding parties 
of one or two thousand, with a few pieces of artillery, they 
were no protection whatever. Middle Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee were one vast network of such little posts. 

All the Union armies of the first year were put into the 
field with hardly enough cavalry to serve as couriers and 
orderlies. On the other hand, the Confederates, from the 
beginning, gave great prominence to this arm. It is true 
they did not learn how to use massed bodies of cavalry much 
sooner than we did; but their partisan horse, from the outset 
played an important part in all their movements. They not 
only covered the front of every advance and the rear of every 
retreat, but were our teachers in that species of warfare 
which was denominated "raiding."' 

Gen. John H. Morgan, in boldness and fertility of re- 
source, was easily the first of the Confederate raiders. Much 
of his success was, no doubt, due to his second in command. 
Basil Duke, whose subtlety so admirably supplemented his 
leaders dash and enterprise. Gen. Duke was termed, 
sometimes, '-the brains of Morgan." and there were times 
when that leader seemed in need of more than he carried 
under his own hat; but it cannot be denied that he was 
bold, adventurous, full of resource and of amazing forti- 
tude. Ke had, too, in a superlative degree the quality 
of attaching men to him. These qualities fitted him for 
the role of a partisan leader — a role in which he was 
rivaled only by Forrest. Dividing his forces, Morgan 
swept almost at will, along the hard stone pikes or obscure 
country roads, gobbling up the guards, burning stockades and 
bridges, tearing up the railroads, and everj^ now and then 
surprising some of the stronger isolated posts. Truth to 
tell, he had not much stomach for a fight, and little enough 
skill in ordering one. But if he had been a better fighter, 
he would, in all proliability, have been a less valuable raider. 
His function was not to fight, but to confuse, circumvent, 
and annoy. And this he did with admirable efficienc}'. 



A STIRRING WINTER. 157 

Todiiy he would drive in our pickets, tomorrow capture an 
outpost fifty miles away, and the next day, perhaps, burn a 
transport on the river as much farther in another direction. 
With the march to Lebancju, the Thousand became a part of 
this exacting, unsatisfactory warfare. 

" Move with the regiment to Lebanon! Start immedi- 
ately; make forced march! Reach Lebanon to-morrow, and 
defend the place against Morgan's cavalry, ' was the first of 
many orders of like character. 

We reached Lebanon in time; so did plenty of other 
troops. In three da3'3 there were enough there to have 
eaten Morgan's men, horses, saddles, and all; but Morgan 
was somewhere else. Then we were ordered in like haste 
to Munfordville, the scene of Wilder's surrender three 
months before. Almost before we arrived, the pioneei-s 
were rebuilding the railway bridge he had destroyed. It 
was terribly cold; we crowded into a few of the buildings 
which had escaped the general destruction, and shivered 
about the fires we built of what we could pick up. In a 
day or two we were provided with tents, and remained here 
a month, engaged in constant drill, with occasional expe- 
ditions to obtain forage for the animals. During this time 
the Tenth division of the Army of the Ohio was reorgan- 
ized by assigning to its command Gen. Charles C. Gilbert, 
who, having figured for two months as a major-general, 
and as such been in command of the most important corps 
of the Army of the Ohio, had laid aside one star, and was 
now only a brigadier. Garrard's Kentuckians were detached 
and the Nineteenth Indiana battery transferred to the 
Thirty-third brigade. This organization lasted a few days 
only. On the 1st of November, 1862, the Army of the 
Ohio became the Fourteenth corps, its field of operations 
the Department of the Cumberland, and its commander, 
Maj.-Gen. William S. Rosecrans. Maj.-Gen. Joseph J. 
Reynolds was assigned to the command of the line of sup- 
ply along the Louisville and Nashville railroad. 

Munfordville may well be regarded as the high-school 



158 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

in which the training of the regiment and Ijrigade was com- 
pleted. Next to a figlit or a forced march, the cohjnel of 
the Thousand loved a brigade-drill; and well he might, for 
in that be showed at his best. His voice was of such 
remarkable carrying power that he handled a brigade with 
little assistance in the transmission of orders, while his eye 
was so accurate in judging distances that few of those con- 
fusing halts occurred which are apt to mar the course of 
such maneuvers. 

The Thousand was fortunate in having a lieuten. 
ant-colonel who was, in some sense, a martinet. Little given 
to severity, he had a passion for orderly details. Every 
visible phase of camp-life received his constant attention. 
and any irregularity in the laying out of streets, the pitch- 
ing of tents, the fixing of a guard-line, or the policing of a 
camp was sure to meet his eye and call forth a reprimand. 
As a tactician he was almost perfect, and his pride in the 
appearance of the regiment made him indefatigable in drill- 
ing them. From frosty morn till purple eve, through all 
the autumn days, the echo of serried footsteps filled the 
camp. Company drill and guard mounting he scrutinized 
with care, and woe to the careless or nniustructed officer 
who made an error or permitted a straggling movement. In 
maneuvering a battalion, he was an ideal commander. 
Mounted on his black horse, his slender, soldierly figure, dark, 
pointed beard, keen, black eyes, and sharp, regular features, 
gave him a most distinguished appearance. His shrill, 
almost piping voice, at first provoked mirth from its 
grotesque inconsistency with his martial countenance and 
ficrure. \Yhen one became accustomed to it, the very 
shrillness of his tones constituted one of his distinctive 
excellences. No matter what the clamor, his commands 
came distinct and clear, cutting rather than overwhelming 
other sounds. Whatever the Thousand owed to others, its 
excellence in drill, its habit of instant obedience, and the 
thorough discipline for which it came to be well reputed, 
were due in the main to the indefatigable efforts of Lieut. - 
Col. William R. ToUes. 



A STIRRING WINTER. 



159 



We graduated from this school in haste after thirty days. 
Morgan was again in the saddle along the old route from the 
head of Sequatchie Valley to Middle Kentucky, so it was 
said. AVe were sent to Glasgow, Kentucky, to receive him. 
Three da3's we waited and he came not. Then a trooper 
arrived in hot haste to tell us that the ubiquitous raider 
had entered an appearance at Hartsville, Tennessee, fifty 
miles away, whither we were ordered to proceed without 
delay. We pushed ahead, laughing all the time at the ab- 
surd figure we cut in this ridiculous chase of cavalry by 
infantry. Sure enough, when we reached Hartsville, we 
learned that Morgan had captured the garrison and departed 
before the order came fc^r us to pursue. We remained in 
this region a few days hunting for him, where we knew he 
was not, or at least thought he was not. 




THAT was our first Christmas in the 
service which we celebrated here. Who 
that shared that jolly rout will ever 
forget it? Perhaps the war furnished 
no more characteristic revel. It was a 
warm, sunny day like the early spring 
of the North. There were many rabbit > 
in the old fields where the brown sedge- 
grass made excellent cover. Lieutenant- 
Colonel Doan of the One Hundred and 
First Indiana, the biggest and warmest- 
hearted old boy in the brigade, pre- 
ferred a request to the colonel-commanding that his regi. 
ment might be allowed a Christmas rabbit hunt. Straight- 
way the matter was taken under advisement; the com- 
manders of the other regiments were consulted, and it was 
finally determined to organize a big hunt for the brigade. 
The regiments were accoi'dingly mustered under arms, each 
man equipped also with a stout stick, and having been 
marched to a favorable location, pickets were thrown out 
to prevent surprise; then each regiment stacked arms, 



Capt. Riker. 

1863. 



ICO THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

formed ii hollow square, faced iuward, took distance at ten 
steps apart, and began to march toward the center, beating 
the cover as they went. It was a jolly hunt, abounding in 
shouts and ludicrous contretemps. Many rabbits were 
killed, man}^ more escaped; there were broken heads and 
bruised shins, for one cannot be sure who is behind the 
rabbit at which he strikes ; but nobody minded such things, 
and few who engaged in it will recall a scene of more hil- 
arious merriment. Each regiment got enough of the soft- 
eyed victims to flavor the Christmas stew with which we 
were regaled that night. The One Hundred and First Indi- 
ana was reported to have made the highest score on account 
of the colonel's being the best judge of a rabbit-cover; 
though an officer of the Thousand who stole out of the line 
and took post on the side of a ditch which led up to a big 
swamp was said to have made the largest individual bag. 

Imagine his surprise when, months afterward, one of 
Morgan s captains clapped him on the back, he being then a 
prisoner, and reminded him of the place where he had hid- 
den to intercept the cunning cotton-tails, who, escaping the 
round up, were seeking shelter in the swamp. A scouting 
party whom Morgan had sent to spy out the land and let 
him know what chance there was of surprising our brigade, 
was, it seems, at that very moment hidden in the swamp; 
they even considered the question of making a raid on the 
lone rabbit-hunter. The gray-coated captain remarked that 
he reported to -'the Old Man," which was the pet name 
Morgan's men gave him, that it was "no use trying to sur- 
prise a command which, even when they went hunting at 
high noon, never took off their equipments nor got a hun- 
dred steps from their gun-stacks. " It was a compliment of 
which our colonel had every reason to be proud. 

Perhaps as a result of this report in regard to the alert- 
ness of our brigade, a day or two after, we were notified 
that Morgan had concluded to go to Glasgow after all, and 
that a determined and elaborate effort was to be made to set 
a trap into which he -would be sure to fall. So many bodies 



A STIRRING WINTER. 



1(51 



of infantry were to close in on him at Glasgow that he would 
have to run over some of them in trying to get away. We, 
therefore, hustled back, via Scottsville, but the much- 
sought-for raider was not at Glasgow when we arrived. We 
were then rushed over to Cave City, where he had just been 
doing some mischief; sauntered down to Bowling Green, and 
from there to Nashville, and on to Murfreesborough, Ten- 
nessee, where we 
came just too late for 
the great battle of 
Stone's River. 

Here the Thous- 
and became part of 
the Second brigade. 
Fifth division, Four- 
teenth army corps. 
The grave and earnest 
Thomas, best - loved 
by his soldiers of all 
the generals of the 
great war, c o m - 
manded the corps 
whose acorn - badge 
came afterward to 
typify his character. 
We called him • ' Pap 
Thomas " sometimes, 
but not so often noi' 
so flippantly as many 
have supposed. By his staff he was known as -'Slow- 
trot." because he was not given to galloping save 




Gen. Joseph J. Reynolds. 



Joseph Jones Reynolds was born in Indiana in 1822; graduated at 
West Point, class of 1844; was assistant professor in the Military Academy 
from 184.5 to 185.5; and Professor of Mechanics in Washington University, St. 
Louis, until about the outbreak of the war. He was appointed a Major- 
General of volunteers and assigned to the Fifth Division of the Army of the 
Cumberland, on its organization, under General Rosecrans, in the fall of 
1862. which command he held until after the bittle of Chickamauga. When 
General Thomas succeeded to the chief command. General Reynolds was 



162 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

when there was need of haste. Some of our generals did a 
deal of galloping, not only on the march and in battle, but 
also in their reports. Thomas never galloped on paper and 
not often on the road. 

General Reynolds, who commanded the division, was 
of the same unassuming type. Quiet, slender, scholarly, 
he was a model of soldierly courtesy, which embraced the 
enlisted man as well as the wearer of shoulder-straps. He 
never returned a salute carelessly, or as if it were a mere 
matter of routine, but always as if he felt it a personal 
greeting, which it gave him pleasure to acknowledge. 
Though a strict disciplinarian, he was easily approachable, 
and no commander ever had a more thoughtful care for the 
welfare of his men. 



appointed Chief of Staff. In the re-organization of the army by General 
Grant he was thrown out by questions of rank, and was assigned to com- 
mand in the department of the Gulf. In 1864- '66 he commanded the Depart- 
ment of Arkansas. He was greatly beloved by the men of his command. His 
memory is held in special reverence by the survivors of the Thousand, of 
whom he spoke in terms of especial praise in his report of the battle of 
Chickamauga. In some manner, due probably to his promotion to Chief of 
Staff about this time, the regimental reports of the Second Brigade in that 
battle were lost after reaching his hands. It is quite possible that they may 
yet be found among the records of the Department of the Cumberland. 




XIII. 

A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 

WINTER campaign, even in the 
latitude of Tennessee is sure 
to be attended with many diffi- 
culties and uncertainties. Just 
sixty da3's after its organization, 
the army of the Cumberland 
fought its first battle, on the 
last day of 1862 and the first 
day of 1863, by the banks of 
Stone's river, thirty miles southeast of Nashville, Tennessee, 
on the railroad running to Bridgeport. It was without any 
strategic preliminaries. The Federal army simply marched 
out of Nashville to assail the enemy in position at Mur- 
freesborough. Each general planned to attack by the left 
flank. The Confederate commander got his blow in first. 
Both probably acted under a mistake. The Union leader 
thought the Confederate forces very much demoralized by 
the failure of the invasion of Kentucky. The Federal view 
of that movement was that Bragg had been driven out of 
Kentucky, his army beaten, dissipated, and utterly worn 
out with a long and profitless march. 

This impression was no doubt confirmed by the stories 
which spies who came into our lines as deserters were in- 
structed to circulate. The bait was swallowed by the com- 
mander of the Army of the Cumberland with eagerness. 
Perhaps one reason it was so fully credited was that General 
Eosecrans' chief of scouts seems to have been under a curi- 

163 



164 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

ous hallucination in regard to tlie spirit and discipline of the 
Confederate forces. 

The Confederate commander likewise misconceived the 
temper of the Federal arm}-. It is a curious fact, that the 
spirit of the soldiers of the Army of the Cumberland rose 
higher with each strategic check or seeming disaster in bat- 
tle. The Confederates believed it greatl}' demoralized by 
its retreat of two hundred miles; its bloody check at Perry- 
ville ; the recapture of Cumberland Gi-ap, and the constant 
cutting of its line of supply by Confederate raiders. On 
the contrary, the spirit of the army was never better than 
when it set out on the Murfreesborough mid-winter cam- 
paign. The retreat had irritated every man, from the di- 
vision commanders down to the dullest private ; Perryville, 
Instead of being a victory, as the Confederates called it, was 
merely an accident. Greneral Bragg did not realize that it 
was the commander of the army, and not its soldiers, who 
was demoralized by his onset, and so naturally concluded 
that what fifteen thousand did at Perryville, fifty thousand 
could do with equal ease at Stone's river. He knew his own 
army regarded the march into Kentucky as a brilliant stra- 
tegic success rather than a failure, and all envied the divi- 
sions which, albeit with enormous loss, had driven back and 
held in permanent check three times their number on the 
Kentucky battle-field. 

Impelled by these mutual misapprehensions, the two 
armies joined battle, the long, thin line formation of the 
Federals inviting a repetition of the tactic so successful at 
Perryville. The attempt to apply it developed the man of 
the Army of the Cumberland. The right wing, now under 
McCook, as was the left at Perryville, was rolled back upon 
the center, just as in that battle; but in the center was 
Thomas. Neither dismayed by disaster nor confused by 
unexpected conditions, he bent his energies to hold what 
was threatened and regain what was lost. In the face of an 
enemy already flushed with anticipated triumph, he formed 
a new line, at a right angle with the original one, and thus. 



.4 MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 



165 



doubled back on the center, presented a wall of fire and 
steel against which the enemy's forces vainly dashed in re- 
current^'waves until darkness came to end the bloody strife. 
Late that night the commander of the array summoned 
Ins generals to consider the question of retreat. Thomas, 
worn with the fatigue of the day, but confident of the mor- 
row, gave his voice against retreat, and, during the discus- 
sion that followed, fell asleep leaning against the wall in 
the corner of the log-house in which the council was held. 
Near midnight, he was awakened by his chief and asked if 

his corps could pro- 
tect the army in its 
withdrawal to a new 
position. "The army 
cannot retreat, " was his 
reply, and leaning back 
he resumed his slumber. 
He did not argue, he 
did not question; he 
merely announced his 
conclusion. The com- 
mander sallied forth 
with McCook to hunt 
for a position in the 
rear. Whether c o u - 
vinced by what he saw, 
or yielding to the con- 
viction of his great 
lieutenant, he abandon- 
ed the idea of retreat, and the battle which seemed lost at 
sunset was won before the coming noontide. 




Lieut. Henry Adams 



HENRY Adams, the youngest son of Asael Adams, late of Warren, Ohio, 
was born April 29. 183.5; educated in the public school of that city, he devoted 
himself to a business career, and for some years had been teller of the old 
Western Reserve Bank, when in November, 1862, he was appointed a second 
lieutenant of the 105th, and assigned to Company G. He joined the regiment 
near Bear Wallow, Ky., and was immediately appointed Brigade Commissary 
of Subsistence on the staff of Colonel Hall. He was prostrated by sickness, 
Ijrought on by exposure and fatigue, and died on February 20, 1863, in hospital 



166 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

Despite his manj' brilliant qualities, General Rosecrans 
was not well-fitted for important, independent ■command. 
He did not fear danger, he only feared defeat. Over-confi- 
dent before the battle was joined, the roar of conflict seemed 
to confuse his energies and paralyze his judgment. His 
only thought was to seek a means to extricate his command 
from impending destruction. His fear of disaster was so 
great that he would have abandoned the field of Stone's river 
to avoid it, as he did Chickamauga in order to provide a 
way of escape for the fragments of the army he thought 
was overwhelmed. In both cases, Thomas supplied the 
nerve which his chief so woefully lacked. 

The battle of Stones river, having thus been won by the 
hardest, the Army of the Cumberland lay confronting the 
Confederate forces for nearly six months. Except frequent 
reconnoitering of its flanks, this army of a hundred thous- 
and did nothing from midwinter until midsummer. 

We held the left center of the Army of the Cumber- 
laud. It was a favorite theor}' with General Rej'nolds that 
a volunteer command should be given variety of service. 
The monotony of camp life, he thought, brought home-sick- 
ness, which is the worst enemy of a soldiers efficiency. 
During the five months we lay at Murfreesborough, he pro- 
vided for his men such a variety of duty as made the cam- 
paign that followed an enjoyable holiday. Nine times in 
those mouths, one or both, of the brigades of Reynolds 
raided the right of the enemy's position. Lebanon, Smith- 
ville, Carthage, Readyville, Auburn, Liberty, Statesville, 



at Murfreesborough. Tenn. He was the only civilian given a commission in 
the regiment. Of him Colonel Hall wrote after his death, to his brother, 
Whittlesey Adams, Esq.: 

"The whole Brigade was astounded at his death. No man ever in so 
short a time more tenderly endeared himself to soldiers than did Lieutenant 
Adams, to my entire command. Affable, prompt, cheerful, always ready and 
supplied with all commissary stores that the department could furnish, to 
his business education and habits the duties of his position came naturally 
and he enjoyed the exercise of them with a high satisfaction. He mastered 
the rules and regulations governing his duties at once, and entered upon 
duty with the exactness of a long experience. His efficiency as an officer, and 
the upright and spotless character which he ever bore, won for him a name 
which will be sacred to us all." 



A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 167 

McMinnville, the whole region that lay between our left 
flank and the Cumberland river, was scouted and raided so 
thoroughly by our infantry, that Stanley and Mint}^ had 
some opportunity to mass the small force of cavalry and 
hold it ready to act as occasion might require. A brigade 
of mounted infantry was organized also, — ludicrous and 
resonant, but easily subsisted, of unequaled endurance, and 
having hardly more need for a roadway than a goat. Poor, 
despised mule! How little credit your virtues receive ! 
The horse is a creature of song and story ; but who has sung 
the praise of the mounted infantry mule? Wilder's "Mule 
brigade" was part of our division. No military experiment 
ever paid better than the "Jackass brigade," which, though 
it made a deal of noise in those days, has blown its own 
horn but little since. 

From January until June, 1863, the Thousand was a 
part of the Army that lay encamped about Murfreesbor- 
ough, Tenn. Aside from the incidents that have been related 
there were others that greatly affected the regiment. The 
duty was steady and considering the season of the year 
might be termed onerous. In addition to daily drill, picket 
and camp guard, there was work on fortifications, loading 
and unloading supplies, and two tours as train-guard to 
Nashville. The water was bad and somewhat too abundant 
in our first camp: in one to which we removed it was 
excellent. 

There were great changes in the personnel ot the Kegi- 
ment during this time. Before the first day of June, 1863, 
nine months after muster-in, eleven oflficers had resigned, 
one had been dismissed, two had been killed. Of the rank 
and file, fifty-six had been killed, seventy-eight had died, 
and 197 enlisted men had been discharged for disability. 

Those in hospital who never rejoined increased this 
number so that more than one third of the regiment had 
either been killed, died, or been discharged, since its 
muster. The number detached with the sick, who after- 
wards recovered, had reduced the number present for duty 
to about one half the original complement. 



168 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



Among the deaths, the most notable was that of Capt. 
Ephraim Kee, of Co. B, on the 16th of January, 1863. He 
was a young man of great promise; just ready to enter col- 
lege at the time of his enlistment. He had been a fellow- 
student with the writer and many others of the regiment at 
Kingsville Academy. While there his attainments as a 
scholar were very marked, as was his poetical talent. Big, 
tawny giant as he was, there was an undertone of melan- 
choly in his disposition that always surprised his intimates 
by its apparent lack of cause. On this account most of his 

poetical effusions were of a 
serious character. Two 
poems of his, in the posses- 
sion of the writer, are en- 
titled "A Vision" and "The 
Dying Student. " Both dwell 
upon a life cut short before 
the attainment of its domi- 
nant ambition, its controlling 
idea. This thought he was 
to exemplify in his own 
death. 

On the 15th, of January 
1863, he was the ranking 
officer in the picket detail of 
Capt. Ephraim Kee. the regiment for that day. 

The writer was the second in command. Who the other 
commissioned officer was is not known. Capt. Kee and the 
writer were not only old friends, but their companies were 
next to each other on the left. The day was bright and 
pleasant and the night which followed clear and cool. Each 
officer had four hours' duty and four off at the reserve. The 
two officers joined their blankets and made one bed 
at t e foot of a great oak. He came off duty about ten 
o'clock and lay down. When the lieutenant went on duty 
at two o'clock, he complained of thirst. The other handed 
him a canteen, which had been lying on the ground and 




A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. W.) 

showed the rime upon its vvooleu casing. He drank freely. 
When the writer came off duty, he had been removed to 
camp, hardly conscious. Before night he was dead. A 
congestive chill had removed a gallant officer who would 
gladly have died in battle but chafed at the very thought of 
perishing by disease. 

The following extract from tlie poem entitled ''The 
Dying Student'' above referred to, will give some idea of 
his poetic quality as well as of his impetuous and ambitious 
character. Had he lived, he would no doubt, have made 
a name in literature: 

Oh, sooner far that Death might call 
When rising tempests spread a pall 

Of darkness o'er my head 
When vivid lightnings Hashed on high 
And rolling thunder shook the sky 

And all was wild and dread. 

Oh, I would die midst fire and smokt- 

'• And shout and groan and saber siroke " 

Upon the crimson plain 
When armies proud witli muddened strife 
In wild disport with human life 

Heap up the piles of slain. 

But ah, 'tis vain. It may not be 
Yes T must die, and soon with thee 

Fair world, for aye must part! 
The cold sweat stands upon my brow 
My feeble pulse beats slowly now 

And lead-like sinks my heart. 

His was the most promising intellectual life of the 
regiment and the feeling of every one who knew him, was 
that the possibilities of a great career had been cut short. 
He was succeeded in command of Company B, by his first 
Lieutenant and bosom friend, A. D. Braden, who having 
been in the three months' service, was of right, entitled to 
Ite Captain at the outset, but gave way to Kee because of 
his great friendship for him. Indeed, it is said that both 



170 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

expected to be lieutenants under Captain John Reeves*, 
through whose instrumentality this company was raised. 
For some reason, he was not mustered and the two young 
men, to whom he was greatly attached, became captain and 
first lieutenant respectively. 

Our first Chaplain, Rev. Aaron Van Nostrand, joined 
us here, held two or three religious services, was taken 
sick and died soon afterward, Feb. 27, 1863. 

Another death was that of Lieut. Henry Adams. 
During his brief service with the regiment, he was on duty 
at Brigade headquarters as Commissary of Subsistence, but 
became known to the regiment as a genial and courteous 
gentleman and faithful soldier. 

At this camp, after six months of service, when it had 
lost one-third of its members, the regiment finally received 
a stand of colors. Why this essential feature of regimental 
organization was so long in reaching us, it is hard now to 
discover. There is a rumor that Gren. Kirby Smith or Gen. 
John Morgan, or some other meddlesome confederate con- 
fiscated the first one sent us ; but the truth seems to be that 
the regiment got so far ahead of its own requisitions or was 
pushed forward so fast that its equipment had no time to 
catch up with it. At least, the first time it paraded under 
its own colors, was well past the midwinter solstice, and 
was made the occasion of one of the most ludicrous things 
which happened during the war. 

The fact has already been noted that our colonel was 
inclined to find his way into print whenever occasion offered, 
sometimes making occasion where one did not happen to 
exist. He was by nature and inclination' a politician. 



John Reeves, Jr. was born in Washington County, Pa., in 1815, and 
was. therefore, forty-six years old when he was appointed Captain in the 
105th Ohio. He resided in Howland. Trumbull County. Ohio, and was a man of 
great influence and pronounced character. It is said that the necessary 
number of men to form the company were enlisted in ten days. He spared 
neither time nor money in the work. Just why he was not mustered with 
the regiment is not known. He was one of the men who went to California 
in '49, and was for thirty years consecutively chosen a Justice of the Peace 
in his town. He was also Treasurer of bis county, dying in 1894, at the age of 
seventy-nine. 



A MIDWINTER CAMPAIGN. 



171 



Entertaining no hope of a permanent military career, his 
eyes were always to the advantages to be derived from mili- 
tary service, in a political way. The winter of 1862 — (iH 
was a time of very serious political disturbance in some por- 




LiEUT. Albert Dickerman. 



Albert Dickerman was born March 26. 1840. at Masonville, Delaware 
County. N. Y., an-l is a descendant of Thomas Dickerman, who came to this 
country from "^.ngland, in 163.5. and settled at Dorchester, Mass. His grand- 
father, John Dickerman, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, under Cap- 
tain James Blakeley and Samuel Fletcher. The subject of this sketch attended 
district school until he was sixteen years old; after eight years, only in the 
winter, working on the farm summers. Attended Norwich Academy, at Nor- 
wich, N. Y„ two terms. At the age of seventeen he moved with his parents 
to the vicinity of Cleveland, Ohio, and worked one season as a market 
gardener. From the autumn of 1857 to July 1862, he was studying and teach- 
ing, a part of the time at Chester, Ohio, and about six months at Oberlin O. 



./^ 



172 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

tions of the North. The Knights of the Golden Circle were 
making strenuous efforts to rouse disaffection: the draft 
which had become necessary in some states was unpopular; 
the financial outlook was unfavorable in the extreme and 
all the forces opposed to the prosecution of the war were 
crystallizing for a final effort to embarrass the government, 
compel the disbandraent of the armies and the recognition 
of the Slave-Confederacy. The presentation of the new 
colors afforded an opportunity, in the opinion of the colonel, 
for expressing the views of the soldiers on these subjects. 
At the dress parade of the regiment, on the 16th of Feb- 
ruary, therefore, resolutions were read by the adjutant and 
adopted unanimously, after a speech from the commander 
of the brigade, by the officers and men of the regiment. 
The resolutions though pitched in a most exalted key, 
undoubtedly expressed the exact sentiments of the whole 
command. The really ludicrous thing about it is the 
idea of a military organization, mustered under arms 
in the most formal way, listening to a set of resolutions 
propounded in effect by the commanding officer and read 
and certified by the adjutant, and then being called upon to 
vote on the same. Probably no one desired to vote against 
the resolutions but if he had he would hardly have dared to 
do so. Had the regiment resolved itself into a mass- 
meetms electing its own officers it would have been some- 



and about a year and a half in Missouri, In July. 1862. he enlisted in Company 
E. 105th O. V. I , was mustered with the regiment at Camp Cleveland, was 
appointed sergeant -major and served in that capacity until March 29, 1863. 
when he was appointed adjutant and served in that capacity until the close 
of the war 

After muster out, he studied law at the Union Law College, in Cleveland, 
Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1866 In August of that year he 
located at Hillsdale. Mich , where he lived until the spring of 1883 While 
there he served for three years as director of the public schools: for four 
years as Circuit Court Commissioner; for four years as Judge of Probate; 
and represented the county in the Stale ,Senate during the General Session 
of the Legislature in 18H1. and the Special Session in 1882, practicing his pro- 
fession in the meantime In the spring of 1883, he moved to Muskegon, Mich , 
and in 1887 was elected Circuit Judge of the Fourteenth Judicial District 
ana took his seal in 1888. At the expiration of his term in 1804, he declined a 
re-election, and moved to WatsonviUe. Cal.. where he now (1895) resides. 



.1 MI I) WINTER CAMPAIGN. \TA 

what different, though political resolutions hardly accord 
with good order and military discipline. Only a few days 
afterwards the major part of the officers of the regiment 
were threatened with arrest for signing a respectful protest 
against an act of injustice to one of their number. These 
resolutions, given in a note below,* were carried home by 
the worthy gentlemen who brought the colors and no doubt 
brought consolation to many a loyal heart which never 
stopped to consider the circumstances attending their adop- 
tion. Late as it was in our service when we received our 
colors, they are now among the most tattered and war-worn 
of the hundred odd battle flags which the Buckeye State 
treasures with deserved honor. 

The promulgation of these resolutions was among the 
last acts of Adjutant Bobbins who was compelled by a 
painful injury received in the performance of a duty acci- 
dentally imposed upon him during a leave of absence, to 
tender his resignation. He was succeeded by Lieut. Albert 
Dickerman, promoted from private of Company E, to 
be sergeant-major some months before, and now March 29, 
1863. promoted to a lieutenancy and appointed adjutant, 
in which capacity he served till the close of the war. He 
was a man of strong character and brilliant (qualities; 
systematic, prompt, cool and courageous, one of those men 
who never lose their heads nor forget nor omit any routine 
dut}. His career since the close of the war has fully jus- 
titied the promise of his military service. 

* The following- are the resolutions adopted at this characteristic military 
mass-meelinK. at which all the participants were in uniform and under arms: 

Whereas. Rebel sympathisers in some portions of the loyal States, 
have represented that the Army of the West was in favor of a compromise 
with the rebels in arms, and was opposed to the policy of the administration 
in the conduct and management of the war: Now. therefore, be it solemnly 
resolved by the ofticers and men of the 105th Ohio Volunteers: 

1st. That the war was begun by a slaveholding aristocracy, who planted 
upon the negro, deemed themselves too good for democratic institutions, and 
is waged by that aristocracy for the purpose of dismembering the Republic, 
and erecting out of its territory a separate and independent nation. 

'ZCi. That to the army has been confided the duty of conserving and pre- 
serving the United States one and undivided, and that trust shall be exe- 
cuted at whatever cost. 



174 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

3d. That the Fathers who made the Constitution, intended to give the 
Government power sufficient to protect itself from a foreign and domestic 
foe. and that the Army will construe that Constitution to possess power 
ample for that purpose, and execute it, in that construction, against all its 

foes. 

4th. That we regard as public enemies those persons in the loyal States 
who are seeking to create dissensions, and interpose constitutional quibbles 
against the prosecution and management of the war, and that they are only 
professing respect for that Constitution to enable them to prostitute its 
forms ^or the aid of the rebellion, and for the final humiliation and destruc- 
tion of the nation. 

5th. That the preservation of the integrity of the nation, and the honor 
of it£ arms, is paramount to all other considerations, and that we will never 
leave this soil until the last rebel is dead, or bows in honest submission to 
the authority of the United States, and the foundations of the Temple of 
Liberty are laid anew upon the basis of Democratic equality; that beneath 
its shadows generations of a better race may celebrate the achievements of 
the armies of the Republic. 

6th. That the policy of the administration in the conduct and manage- 
ment of the war, is most heartily approved, and that we welcome to our 
assistance armed bodies of men of whatever color, who will aid us more 
speedily to rid the country of that aristocracy, who, ungrateful for its 
blessings, are waging a causeless war for the destruction of the nation. 

7th. That we are proud of the noble patriot, who, as Governor of our 
beloved State, sustains the Government with a heart — divided only by his 
watchful care for the wants of the Ohio volunteer. 

8th. That with the most exalted confidence in the President, in the 
Secretary of War. and the generals over us, we resolve, lastly, That every 
achievement of the army shall be laid upon the altar of an undivided 
country, and redound to the glory and lasting permanency of free institu- 
tions; and that inspired by this, we will endure without a murmur, whatever 
of hardship or exposure may await us. until the nation's last foe shall 
breathe no more, and final victory bring enduring peace. 

Headquarters 105th Ohio, 

MURFREESBOROUGH, TENN., 17. 

1 hereby certify that the above is a true copy of the series of resolutions 
unanimously adopted by the officers and men of the 105th Ohio Regiment, on 
dress parade, February 16, 1863. 

Lieutenant A. M. Robbins, 

Adjutant 105th Ohio. 



XIV. 




GOBBLED. 

OBBLED ! That was the term ap- 
plied to those detachments on 
which the enemy's raiders swept 
down in overwhelming force and 
through surprise or overwhelming 
numbers made resistance vain or 
impossible. The Thousand was 
one of the man}' regiments to have 
this opprobrious term applied to 
it because of the surprise of a detachment belonging to it. 
It is a curious thing that this surprise resulted from obedi- 
ence to the explicit commands of its colonel who though 
the most alert and careful of commanders, was possessed 
with a ver}' strong desire to outdo others. This desire, ac- 
companied with a belief induced by the representations of 
a trusted follower, that there was no enemy in our imme- 
diate front, led to the unfortunate mishap it is now our dut}^ 
to record. If Morgan had little opportunit}' to make long 
raids after the advance of our army to Murfrees borough, and 
the winter rise of the Cumberland ri^er, he made abundance 
of short and audacious ones. Along our whole left, from 
the Manchester pike to the Cumberland river, his restless 
partisans were ever ready to take advantage of an}- leas 
opportunity. Fully informed of every movement as they 
were by sympathizers within our lines, they pounced now 
upon a picket, now upon a train, and again on an unwary 
post. After chasing him for months, the Thousand found 
him one day when they least expected that pleasure. In 

175 



176 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

the gray dawn of a January morning, a forage party left its 
camp. It represented the brigade, though the detail was 
from the Thousand, except the wagons and drivers. It 
numbered one hundred and twenty men, under the command 
of a captain with two lieutenants. 

At that time, foraging meant only the procurement of 
corn and fodder for the animals ; no supplies for the army 
itself were obtained in this manner. Until within a very 
brief period, each brigade commander had sent out his 
trains for this purpose, with such guards as he deemed 
necessar3\ In many cases, in order to secure a quick 
advance, it had been customary to mount the guards in the 
wagons, drive out at a rapid trot, hastily gather and load 
the forage, and return before the enemy had time to collect 
a force to send against them. Accidents had sometimes 
resulted from carrying guns loaded and capped in wagons 
n this manner, and orders had been issued that each forage 
detail must be composed of a sufficient guard and also a 
" loading part}' of four to each wagon," and that this party 
should remain with the wagons, but never be allowed to ride 
in them "outside the lines of the army." 

The question was, what constituted " the lines? " Was 
it the infantry pickets or the cavalry videttes regularly 
maintained on all the roads at a distance of a mile or two 
beyond ? The detail from the Thousand was what was 
termed the •■ loading party," — one hundred and twent}'. 
eight men for thirty. four wagons. It was intended to con 
stitute part of a larger train which was going out on the 
Libert}- pike under a heavy guard from Wood's division. 
The detail from the Thousand should have been ordered to 
report to the officer commanding this train, since it was 
only as a part of it that the brigade commander had leave 
to send his wagons outside the lines at all. But no such 
orders were given the captain in charge. On the contrary, 
when the detail reported at brigade headquarters in the 
early dawn of the mid-winter morning, that officer was in- 
formed that the brigade wagon-master had located a partic- 



GOBBLED. 177 

ularly nice bit of forage out on the Liberty pike, which could 
only be secured by "getting ahead" of a big train which 
was going in that direction that morning. The captain in 
command was, therefore, charged to leave the train to the 
wagon-masters guidance, who had an order directing the 
pickets to pass him with train and guard. 

This wagon-master occupied an anomalous position at 
brigade headquarters. While really a private soldier, h, 
apparently enjoyed the confidence of the colonel to quite as 
great a degree as his commissioned statf. He was a man of 
infinite resource and impregnable assertiveness. His life 
had been so full of adventures that a very willing tongue 
hardly found time to recount them. He was a survivor of 
the Mexican war, in the course of which he had achieved 
many marvels. Since the Thousand had been in service, 
hardly a day had passed in which he had not l)een the hero 
of some romantic incident. His acquaintance with the 
general officers on both sides was remarkable for its extent 
and familiarity. As a scout and spy, he went within the 
Confederate lines at will; talked with the utmost freedom 
with officers of the highest rank ; had hair-breadth escapes 
going and coming, and had killed nearly as many " rebs " 
as Samson boasted of having slain Philistines ; some were 
unkind enough to say with the same weapon. How he 
gained such ascendancy over the Colonel, no one has ever 
been able to explain. It is scarcely possible that he 
believed in the wildly-incrediljle tale that the wagon-master 
told about three female correspondents who served as 
troopers in Morgan's command for the mere pleasure of 
informing him of the movements of that bold raider; or the 
other wondrous narratives with which he was so well sup- 
plied. Unfortunately, the wagon-master's most remarkable 
feats were always performed when no one else was nigh, 
and though a redoubtable scout, he took good care not to 
reveal any movements of the enemy which were not already 
clearly developed. Altogether, he was a fairly good wagon- 
master, a really good forager, and kept the colonel's table 



4 



178 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

abundantly supplied with whatever the country afforded. 
In short, he was a handy man to have about headquarters — 
never handier than on that 21st day of January, 1863. 

That this man should be put in virtual command of 
the train excited no surprise; and when, after reaching the 




CaPT. liYHON W. (ANFIELD. 



IJTRON W. Canfield was born in Chardon, Ohio, where he was engaged 
in business at the outbreak of the war. He enlisted in the 105th Ohio, as 
captain of Company E. Was wounded at Perryville, and was in command 
of the forage detail captured on the 21st of January, 1863. He was dismissed 
from the service without a hearing but afterwards restored by order of the 
War Department, it being conclusively shown that instead of violating 
orders, he obeyed them literally. He was very popular, and many of the 
oHlcers signed a protest against his summary dismissal, though they incurred 
the serious displeasure of the brigade commander by so doing. He is now ^ 
resident of Indianapolis, Indiana. 



GOBBLED. 179 

picket-line on the pike, where the train had already arrived, 
he renewed the Colonel's urgency for haste, and insisted that 
the men should be mounted in the wagons, so as to proceed 
at a trot to the cavalry outpost, in oi'der to " get ahead of 
Wood's train" and gather in the forage he had marked 
down, there would not have been a moment's hesitation, 
but for the fact that one of the lieutenants accompanying 
the detail was a captious fellow, who insisted that the 
Colonel had no right to send a train beyond the pickets 
without a guard as well as a "loading detail." Some of 
the men grumbled also, for it was no pleasant thing to ride 
in an empty army-wagon with a canvas cover drawn over the 
hoops, along a hard-frozen road, at a sharp trot, on a cold 
morning. But the Captain obeyed the orders he had received, 
and the men were told otf as far as they would go, four to 
a wagon, the captious lieutenant being put in the rear wagon 
with three men. 

The train bounded resonantly over the hard pike at a 
brisk rate, the wagon-master riding ahead with three or four 
cronies and a lieutenant, Stambaugh, from our battery. None 
of the guns were capped and but few of them were loaded. 
Some two miles out we climbed a wooded hill, on which the 
wagon-master had asserted we were to find the cavalry 
vidette. Just as the head of the train reached tlie top of 
the hill, a few shots were fired — two or three, perhaps half 
a dozen in all. Then all was quiet. The drivers stopped 
because the wagons in front were halted. There was no 
outcry, no confusion, no orders. Supposing the train had 
halted for the purpose of forming the detail as a guard, the 
lieutenant in the rear wagon scrambled out and ordered his 
men to form in line and load their guns. It is a matter of 
some seconds to charge a muzzle-loader with cold, numbed 
fingers. Before it was accomplished, men in blue overcoats 
came riding along the train. The wagons started on. The 
officer supposed these were some of the mounted men who 
rode in advance with the wagon-master. 

'• What are the orders?" he asked. 



180 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

"Surrender!"' was the reply, uad he found himself 
looking into the muzzles of three or four cocked revolvers. 
The lieutenant glanced around at his men. Their guns 
were not yet loaded; their bayonets were in their scabbards. 
It was useless to resist — there were no means of resistance. 
His sword, which he had drawn when ordering his men in- 
to line, lay across his arm. The demand for his surrender 
was repeated; a shot whizzed past his ear. The enemy 
outnumbered his little squad four to one. He gave his 
sword a toss into the thicket, turned and clambered into the 
rear wagon, now again in motion. The whole affair had 
not occupied two minutes, perhaps not one. 

Colonel Hutcheson, of Morgan's command, with a 
hundred and sixty men, wearing the blue overcoats of 
Federal soldiers, had surprised and captured the vidette, 
and prepared an ambuscade on the wooded hillside for the 
train they evidently expected. The mounted party in ad- 
vance had ridden confidingly up to a group of blue-clad 
soldiers on the pike, whom they took to be the Federal 
vidette, only to find themselves confronted by Confederate 
revolvers. The shots fired were a signal for the troopers, 
hidden in the woods on either side, to close in on the train. 
They quickly covered the drivers with their pistols, and 
ordered them to drive on. There was no opportunity to 
learn the number of our captors, and no chance to resist 
them if we had known. We were practically as helpless as 
if bound hand and foot. A few of the men crawled out of 
the wagons and escaped — perhaps half a dozen in all. The 
Colonel had yielded to the wagon-master's importunity; the 
Captain had obeyed the Colonels orders, and the Lieutenant 
had obeyed the Captain's. We had got "ahead of Woods 
train," and Morgan had "got ahead" of us. So we dashed 
on at a sharp trot toward the enemy's lines and the prisons 
of the Confederacy . 

The men were paroled and released at McMinnville. The 
officers were kept a day or two in the house of a scholarly 
Unionist who had been compelled to seek safety within our 



GOBBLED. 181 

lines. The Confederates had scattered his fine library, each 
one taking whatever he chose, and throwing the others on 
the floor. Out of the debris the Lieutenant rescued three 
volumes smeared with red clay from the boots of careless 
troopers. These he was permitted to carry with him into 
the prison to which the officers were sent, probably because 
they were written in Spanish, and so of little interest to 
those having us in charge. They served to lighten many a 
weary hour in Confederate prisons. 

The wagon-master escaped during the night, before 
reaching McMinnville, found his way back to camp, and 
made a formal report, the glittering inaccuracies of which 
showed how well fitted be was for a much higher position. 
It gave a thrilling account of his own achievements; told 
how he "emptied three saddles" with his revolver, and 
finally engaged Colonel Hutcheson in a hand-to-hand con- 
test with his saber, actually " disarming him." What more 
he might have done, there is no telling, had not that officer, 
in rapt admiration of his desperate valor, exclaimed: "For 
God's sake, sir, do not throw away your life!" Yielding to 
this pathetic appeal, the wagon-master surrendered, and so 
lived to make the report which is the only bit of official his- 
tory that has been preserved in regard to the matter. Cur- 
iously enough, its says nothing about the Colonel's orders to 
"get ahead" of the other train. On the conti'aiy, it de- 
clares that the Captain ordered his men into the wagons dur- 
ing the wagon-master's absence, quite ignoring the fact that 
neither officers nor men desired to ride in the cramped, lum- 
bering army-wagons in such weather, and that the only rea- 
son for mounting them was the need of haste to enable us 
to reach the cavalry outposts in advance of the lai'ger train, 
in order that the forage the wagon-master had spied out 
might be secured. 

Acting upon this report, while Captain Canfield was still 
a prisoner-of-war, without any hearing or opportunity for de- 
fense whatever, he was dishonorably dismissed the service, 
the department commander expi'essing regret at his inabil- 



182 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



ity to "inflict the extreme penalty of the law upon one 
so deserving an ignominous death. " At the same time, the 
commanding general took occasion to exonerate Colonel Hall 
from "all blame or censure" in connection with the atfair. 
Things turn out queerl}^ in war, sometimes. The Cap- 
tain was a brave otflcer, who had never shown any inclina- 
tion to skirk a duty or disobey an order. A bullet had 
plowed along the parting of his hair at Pei-ryville with- 
out in any wise disturbing his composure. What interest had 

he in headlong speed, 
and why should he order 
his grumbling men into 
wagons that freezing 
morning? Yet the sub- 
altern was guilty of a 
crime worthy of death, 
and the superior officer 
exonerated even from 
censure ! Why not? 
The superior prepared 
the evidence on which 
the finding was based. 
There was no court of 
incfuiry, and the subor- 
dinate was not permitted 
to be heard. In fact, 
he was then an inmate 
of the famous Libby 
Prison, and the news went near to ending his life. When 
the matter came to be reviewed by the War Department, the 




Lieut. Aloxzo Chubb. 



Alonzo Chubb was born in Pittsford. Monroe County. N. Y., October 
25,1823; moved with his parents to Michigan in 1838; learned the printer's 
trade and afterwards engaged in carriage making in Detroit. Moved to 
Painesville, Ohio, in 1852, and was engaged in manufacturing wagons when 
the war began. He recruited by far the greater number of Company D, of 
which he was made 2d lieutenant. He was captured with the train near 
Murfreesborough, Tenn., January 21, IS'SS. and was for several months con- 
lined in rebel prisons at Atlanta and at Libby Prison at Richmond, Va. He 
was wounded at the battle of Perryville and again at Chickamauga, and 



GOBBLED. 183 

dismissal was annulled, the department holding that the 
captain obeyed orders, and ought not to be held responsible 
for the consequences. 

From one point of view, this mishap of the Thousand 
was a great blessing to the army of which it was a part. 
Six days afterward, the general commanding issued a 
general order regulating foraging and forbidding the 
very things which were before permitted. An attempt was 
made to compel the men who had been captured to return 
to duty in violation of their paroles, which it was contended, 
were in some manner irregular. The men protested that 
they ought not to be compelled to violate their oaths, but 
this manly protest was unheeded. It was an unpleasant 
episode — just as needless and inexcusable as the great 
slaughter for which the general himself was responsible 
eight months after that very day. But there is a vast 
■difference between the punishment which is fit and proper 
for a captain of the line and a major-general — an act 
which makes him who wears two bars upon his shoulders 
"richly deserving an ignominous death, " is at best, only 
an error of judgment, which it is almost an offense to impute 
to the wearer of two stars. 

The following account of this unfortunate event b} Cor- 
poral Bliss Morse, of company D, is given especially because 



resigned in November, 1863. He moved to Ionia County, Mich., in 1864; to 
Manistee County in 1867, where he has since resided. He has been supervisor 
of his town. Probate Judge of the county, and is now Justice of the Peace 
and Sunday-school Superintendent, and hopes to celebrate his golden wedding 
in 1896. His portrait taken at seventy-one seems hardly older than when he 
was in service. 

In his army life, Lieutenant Chubb did not always decline to partake of 
intoxicating beverages. He had lost the two middle fingers of one hand, and 
his favorite jest when asked to imbibe was to put this hand, with only the 
first and little finger on it, beside the glass and say, " Only two fingers, if you 
please 1" The joke was always new and usually convulsing. On the way 
from Atlanta to Richmond as a prisoner of war, the officer in whose charge 
we were, a genial Confederate captain, was so enamored of its fun, that he 
must needs have Lieutenant Chubb out at every station where he stopped 
ions enough to visit a saloon, to show the Yankee method of measuring a 
drink. The "•persimmon whisky," which abounded in the Confederacy made 
this a trying ordeal to the lieutenant, but the efforts he made to entertain his 
host were at least commendable. It must be admitted that the favor showed 
to him greatly excited the envy of his compagnons de voyage. 



184 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

the enlisted men among the survivors desire to express their 
appreciation of the course of General John H. Morgan in 
ordering their release on parole and, in particular, the kind- 
ness of Captain John H. Green, under whose charge they 
were in the march to Carthage, on the Cumberland river: 

"On the morning of January 21, 1863, when the detail 
was made, as we stood in line before his quarters, Colonel 
Hall said: 

•'Boys, you ought to be good for five hundred of them 
—infantry against cavalry — -every time!" 

So we might have been, had we been on foot. His re- 
mark shows that he was conscious of the danger of sending 
us out in advance of Wood's train. 

Into the wagons we got — some of our guns were loaded, 
some not. I think; but we rode along pretty full of glee. 
Just before we got to that cedar forest where we were sur- 
prised, we passed on our left a few cavalry dressed in our 
uniform. I believe they were Rebs. They seemed to be 
estimating our number, looking at us closely, riding slowly. 
I think they returned to their command around that cluster 
of cedars. These men had our overcoats on and that dis- 
armed suspicion. When the train stopped the cavalry 
rode down the line revolvers in hand, shouting: '-Sur- 
render!" surrender!' I think the transfer was made rapid- 
ly. I rode in the same wagon with Captain Canfield, 
Lieutenant Chubb and I have always thought you were in the 
same wagon, too; but in that I must be mistaken, I suppose. 

We rode, I should think about twelve miles, to where 
a road went to Liberty, there Captain Canfield, Lieutenant 
Chubb and yourself were separated from us; our arms were 
also turned over. The iron around the hoofs of those 
mules went clickety-clack over that twelve miles of pike, as 
fast as I ever rode. The coming night was my first exper- 
ience in mule-riding. At Smithfield, we got some bread 
and meat to eat about midnight. We then resumed our 
ride, continuously all night and until next day noon when 
we reached McMinnville. We were quartered in the Court 
House. As we rode in, an old gray-bearded man said: 



GOBBLED. 185 

" Uncle Sam is a good Quartermaster for we'uns!" 
The mules and wagons were corralled. (One of those 
very wagons we got back at Jonesboro, near Atlanta.) 

We stayed Thursday night. Friday night we were 
paroled and in the afternoon were on our way with escort 
to our lines near Carthage on the Cumberland River. That 
Friday evening at midnight, we camped among the hills; 
some fat bacon and flour was issued to us for supper. We 
made a dough of the flour wet with bacon fat, then we 
wound it on sticks, some on staves or boards, and baked it 
by the fire. Saturday afternoon we had dinner of corn 
bread and meat, just the same fare as the officers in com- 
mand. When we came to streams too deep to wade, we 
mounted on the horses behind our "'brothers in gray. " Sat- 
urday night we stayed at a church-house near Alexandria, 
Tenn. The captain in command sat up all night and wrote 
each of us a separate parole. As we were travelling along 
Sunday morning, a little ahead of our escort, — (for we were 
under very good officers) Jackson, Sill and myself, stopped 
at a little log house for something to eat. A man and his 
wife lived there; they had eaten their breakfast; some bread, 
turnips, potatoes and the shank of a ham was what was 
left. We were welcomed kindly. As we ate, the wife 
stood by her husband's side — looking up to him she said: 
"John, doesn't it give you great satisfaction to feed 
tliese men?" In that log house, with that affectionate look 
and tone, I have often thought marriage was not a failure. 
Passing along toward the river, we met an old woman 
who said: 

'•God bless, you, boys! I have a boy in your army." 
We were ferried over the Cumberland River at Carthage. 
The officer commanding the escort made us a little speech, 
saying he had tried to treat us just as he would like to be 
treated were he a prisoner, but if he met us on the field of 
battle, would fight us as hard as ever. We gave him three 
cheers and thanked him. We then made our way to 
Louisville, a few to Camp Chase; some were returned to 



ISfi THE STORY OF A THOUSAyi). 

their regiments from Louisville. Rosecrans did not regard 
their paroles."'* 

* The following is a copy of the parole given to one of our enlisted men 
and the order of General Rosecrans in regard thereto: 

Headquakteks Morgan's Division. 

McMiNNViLLE. Tenn. 
I, the undersigned, belonging to the United States Army, having been 
taken prisoner by the Confederate States Cavalry, under General John Mor- 
gan, in consideration of my being released on parole (whereof this is my 
witness), do solemnly swear not to bear arms against the Confederate States 
during the present war until regularly exchanged, under penalty of death; 
nor will I disclose anything that I have seen or heard in the Confederate Army 
to its prejudice. 

Sworn to before me this 23d day of January. 1863. By order of General 
John H. Morgan. 

(Signed) Albert A. Champlin. 

Private Company ' E " 105th Ohio Vols. 
regie : JNO. H. GREEN, Captain and A. A. A. G. 

Headquarters Department of the Cumberland, 

MUUFREESBORO, April 16, 1863. 
Special Field Order No. 103. 

EXTRACT. 
Albert A. Champlin, Company E, 105th Regiment of Ohio Vols., having 
been captured by the enemy, paroled and set at liberty without the delivery 
required by the Cartel agreed upon by the Government of the United States 
and the Confederate authorities for the exchange of prisoners during the 
existing war, cannot be claimed by the Confederates as a prisoner of war. and 
is, by their failure so to deliver, released from parole, and will report for 
duty with his command. 

By command of Major-General Rosecrans. 

H Thrall, 

Capt. and Asst. Adj't-Gen'l 




XV. 

MILTON. 

THE time came when Colonel Hall 
had an opportunity to pay the Con- 
federate raider for the chagrin and 
disappointments that he had suffered 
at his hands. Just two months after 
the capture of the forage train, the 
Second brigade was ordered to recon- 
noiter our left front. The brigade, 
still composed of our old companions in 
arms, and a company of the First Middle 
Serot. L. N. Parker, Tennessee cavalry, marched north to 
Cainesville, and the next morning 
turned sharply eastward and advanced by a rough country 
road to Statesville, from which the enemy was dislodged, 
but fell back only a short distance when he took a favor- 
able position and ottered battle. 

Satisfied that he was confronted by an overwhelming 
force. Colonel Hall withdrew his little army, not on the 
direct road to Milton, but to Auburn, thinking to induce 
the enemy to believe that he intended to retire by way of 
Readyville. Morgan, who had a theory that the safest 
road to take is that along which an enemy has just marched, 
set out the next morning by the direct road to Milton to 
make a raid across the Lebanon pike. So he reported, at 
least, but some doubt is thrown upon his purpose by the 
demonstration he made in our rear and his oft-repeated 
anxiety to "get a whack," as he phrased it, " at Hall's 

187 



188 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



brigade, " whose commander had irritated him b}' some 
slighting allusions, in published communications. 

It must be confessed that the Confederate raider had 
received scant courtesy at the hands of our colonel, who 



I ^ I 




5 ■'^^^;^r^' ■'-■"■"■■'" 






Vtl^;Ml.^/^--"' 




T 

f 




I ^ ^= H D • ' 



was not a little inclined to find his way into print, reporting 
his movements to the public as well as to his superiors, 
often with somewhat uncomplimentary allusions to his oppo- 



MILTON. 189 

nent. Some of these hud stung the dashing Confederate 
leader, and both he and his officers were anxious to give 
battle to tlie Second brigade. It is not strange that such 
taunts on the part of one who had thus far enjoyed small 
opportunity to prove his military skill or the prowess of his 
command, should annoy the great raider, who could justly 
boast that, month by month, for more than a year, his com- 
mand had cost the Federal government a hundred times as 
much to replace the stores he destroyed as its support 
had cost the Confederac}'. So he repaid the colonel's jeers 
in kind, but waited impatiently for the time to come when 
he should have a chance to take a sweeter revenge. 

They were not the only men who seemed to think vitup- 
eration an important element of warfare. One of the most 
interesting features of that wonderful collection known as 
the "Official Records of the Union and Confederate" armies 
is the hearty good will with wliicli even officers high in rank 
belabored their opponents with the pettiest diatribe and the 
most absui'd recrimination. One finds it in the most unex- 
pected places — in orders and reports, as well as in letters 
and despatches published for popular effect. Some Federal 
generals spoke only of "rebs, " while some Confederates 
refer to their opponents only as "Yanks " or " Yankees." 
There were a few who seem to have been too much absorbed 
infighting their enemies to haA^ehad time for berating them, 
but some of the best soldiers were also the sturdiest detrac- 
tors. Both Morgan and the colonel of the Thousand might 
have found good examples among their respective superiors. 
However, ' ' he laughs best who laughs last, " and the time 
had come when our colonel would get the better of the blue- 
grass raider in deeds as well as in words. The pleasure o-f 
beating John Morgan in a fight of his own seeking, and with 
an inferior force, was to be his. 

The colonel was informed of his opponent's movement 
almost as soon as it began, whether through one of the 
wagon-master's female correspondents, who, as he solemnly 
avouched, not only wore trousers and rode with Morgan, but 



]!)0 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



left letters for him in hollow stumps and knot-holes where, 
only an e3'e of preternatural keenness would find them ; 
whether these fair, false ones, whom some were so incredu- 
lous as to deem purely mythical, gave the information which 
started us on that early morning march to Milton or not, it 
would be hard to determine; but the wagon-master has not 
refused to admit that he was inside the Confederate lines 
that night, while others thought him asleep, and that he 

learned thereby all the 
plans and purposes of 
the Confederate leader. 
Personally, the writer 
believes the information 
came from a detachment 
of Morgan's command 
whom he sent out to en- 
gage our rear, while he 
pushed forward with his 
main body on the Milton 
road to intercept us. 
This force ran into a 
vidette of Captain Black- 
burn "s compan}' of Ten- 
nessee cavahy , which had 
been posted just a little 
out of Statesville to give 
information of the enemy's movements. The colonel 
was, perhaps, occasionally inclined to lay undue stress 
on the hypothetical, but he was always vigilance 
itself. Sometimes, we thought the bullet that grazed his 




Comrade L. Newton Parker. 



L. Newton Parker was born January 27, 1842, in Wayne, Ashtabula 
County, Ohio. He was educated at district schools with the exception of two 
terms at Oberlin, and one term at Kingsville Academy; taught district 
schools and worked on farm, until enlisted in 105th O. V. I., August 8. 1S62; 
was twice wounded at Perryville: stunned (entirely senseless for a time) 
by exploding shell at Milton, March 20, 1863; was mustered out with regi- 
ment as first sergeant of Company I; has been twice elected township 
clerk, twice Justice of the Peace, three times assessor, once county sur- 
veyor. He was never absent from his command except while in hospital 



MILTON. V.n 

cranium at Sbiloh interfered with his dreams, and called his 
sleeping men to arms, when there was little need; but it is 
certain that no enemy could ever come near a camp of his with- 
out being discovered, unless they came with wings. So by day- 
light we were on the move. Then appeared the good results of 
our long marches and fruitless chasing after Morgan. We 
were matched that morning against his Kentucky thorough- 
breds, and beat them into Milton, eight miles away. It is 
true the head of his column reached the junction of the two 
roads just outside the town a little before we did, but our 
advance regiment was on the heels of our cavalry, and Har- 
ris" guns well up to the front. It looked for a time as if 
the enemy might attack us then and there ; but we pushed 
on through the town in the earl}' morning, and took position 
at Vaughts Hill, a wooded eminence, three-quarters of a 
mile beyond. 

The enemy advanced to the attack before the regiments 
were all in position, but the battery held them in check un- 
til our formation was complete. The Eightieth Illinois had 
the right; the One Hundred and Fifth Ohio supported the 
battery upon the pike; the One Hundred and Twenty-third 
Illinois was on the left-center, and the One Hundred and 
First Indiana on the extreme left. 

The military instinct of the colonel commanding the 
brigade was shown in the instant selection of this splendid 
position, and a life full of soldierly promise reached its 
climacteric on that bright spring morning, when, sitting on 
his horse on the wooded slope of Vaughts Hill, he posted 
his brigade, almost without the aid of the staff officers, his 
magnificent voice echoing above the din of the opening 



from wounds, after Perryville. He kept a diary during the whole term of 
service ; wrote it out more fully soon after the close of the war and was care- 
ful to note each day's movements and position. To this journal and also to 
Comrade Parker for assistance no other man could have rendered, the 
author is under great obligations and the reader in debt for the character 
of this work. 

We are fortunate in being able to present two views of this esteemed 
comrade — one while he yet wore the chevrons and one as he appears today — 
the Mentor of the Survivor's Association. 



192 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

battle. His whole force numbered only fourteen hundred 
men, while the enemy had at least twenty-five hundred. He 
was fourteen miles from Murfreesborough. Seeing him- 
self thus outnumbered, he dispatched a courier for 
reinforcements, with the assurance that he could hold 
the position as long as his ammunition lasted. Lest 
this supply should fail, the men were instructed to hold 
their fire until the enemy were within close range. This 
comparative silence of the infantry, no doubt, led the enemy 
to over-rate his advantage. He dismounted his cavalry, 
threw forward a strong line of skirmishers, and forming in 
their rear, charged again and again the left of our line. 
Once it wavered, but the arrival of three companies of the 
Eightieth Illinois held it firm. 

For more than three hours the firing was very sharp, 
the enem}' being repulsed in several assaults; then seeing 
the futility of attempting to carry the position before the 
arrival of reinforcements, his loss being veiy heavy, includ- 
ing General Morgan, one of his colonels, and two lieutenant- 
colonels among the wounded, he withdrew, leaving four 
captains, two lieutenants, and sixty-three men dead or mor- 
tally wounded upon the field. His loss was estimated at 
about three hundred in all. He himself reported it ' ' very 
severe especially in officers. " Our loss was six killed, 
forty-three wounded, and seven missing. Captain Buskirk, 
a very popular officer of the One Hundred and Twenty-third 
Illinois, was the only officer lost on our side. One of the 
missing, a member of the Thousand, was captured, and after 
several months in Confederate prisons, was finally ex- 
changed, and drowned, by the explosion of a boiler on a 
Mississippi steamer on his way home. 

Soon after the fighting had ceased. General Minty with 
two brigades of cavalry came up. They made a reconnais- 
sance beyond the town of Milton without finding the enemy. 
On our return, we were greeted with much enthusiasm as 
the "fellows who had beaten Morgan." 

This battle was of no great consequence either in num- 



J 



MILTON. 193 

bers or results, but it was a very gratifying incident to the 
brigade and especially to the Thousand and their colonel. 
It was not only a defeat of an old elusive enemy, and a vic- 
tory against overwhelming numbers, but it was one secured 
by the skill of the commander and the quiet confidence of 
his men. In all its elements, this little affair was peculiarly 
picturesque and romantic. It wiped away the stain in- 
curred by the surprise of his forage train and placed the 
colonel's feet securely on the ladder of deserved promotion. 
Had not death intervened, there is little doubt that he would 
soon have received the star he coveted as well as the brevet 
which came just in time to give eclat to his obsequies. 

Of this engagement Colonel Hall made the full and 
characteristic report to General Reynolds commanding the 
Fifth Division Center, Army of the Cumberland, which is 
given below: 

Sir— Having completed the reconnaissance begun on the 18th instant, I 
hereby report the operations of my command. 

I left camp with two days' rations in the haversack and two on pack- 
mules, with the following force: One hundred and twenty-third Illinois 
Infantry, Colonel James Monroe, commanding, 18 officers and 313 enlisted 
men; Eighteenth Illinois Infantry, Colonel Thomas G. Allen, commanding, 18 
ofticei's and 365 enlisted men ; One hundred and first Indiana Infantry, Lieut. - 
Col. Thomas Doan, commanding, 19 officers and 353 enlisted men ; One hundred 
and fifth Ohio, Lieut. -Col. William R. Tolles. com.nanding. 18 officers and 245 
enlisted men ; one section of the Nineteenth Indiana Battery, Captain S. J. 
Harris, commanding, and Company A, of Stokes' cavalry, Captain (Joseph H.) 
Blackburn commanding, giving me a total strength of infantry of a little over 
1.300. My orders were to '• reconnoiter the enemy and strike him, if the 
opportunity offers." 

On the night of the 18th, I occupied Cainsville, taking two prisoners; 
making that night an unsuccessful effort to surprise a small rebel camp and 
failing by the mistake of a guide. 

Early next morning 1 took the Statesville road, finding the enemy's 
pickets; captured tw^o of them. At Statesville my advance was met by a 
force of 150 or 200 rebel cavalry; a slight skirmish took place here, in which a 
sharpshooter from the One hundred and fifth Ohio mortally wounded one of 
(J. M.) Phillips' rebel cavalry. The enemy retired slowly down Smith's Fork 
tovk'ard Prosperity Church, on the pike. I followed very cautiously, skirm- 
ishing the ravines, and upon reaching the pike wounded two of Smith's 
(Eighth) Tennessee cavalry and captured one. Half a mile from this spot, 
down the valley toward Liberty, a regiment of rebel cavalry, re-enforced by 
those whom I had driven from Statesville. was in line of battle across the 
valley. A small cavalry picket was also on the pike toward Auburn. I rested 
my command at Prosperity Church about two hours. 

Becomi. 7 entirely satisfied that a large rebel force, under Morgan's com- 
mand, was massed in the vicinity, and that I should be attacked by them the 



194 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

next day at the farthest, 1 determined to choose my own ground for the 
engagement, and accordingly at dusk I moved my command to the high 
ground to the rear of Auburn, bringing me three miles nearer Murfrees- 
borough, leaving the rebel regiment wholly unmolested, by skirmishing my 
way to Auburn with forty or fifty rebels, whom I found had occupied the 
place during the afternoon. Of this force I wounded one or two, and they 
retired on the Woodbury road. That night the enemy's pickets confronted 
mine on every road leading from my position, and a large force advanced in 
the night from toward Liberty and encamped in the vicinity of Prosperity 
Church. Knowing that the enemy largely outnumbered me. I determined to 
draw him as near Murfreesborough as possible, and to reach a fine position 
near Milton, seven miles from my Auburn camp. 

I moved at light, and upon reaching the high ridge, three miles from 
Auburn, halted twenty minutes to fill canteens and view the enemy's advance. 
He was two miles behind me, but showed himself in no great force. Making 
on this ridge some demonstrations which would indicate a purpose to stay 
there, I dropped suddenly down the slope toward Milton, and passed three 
and a half miles of open, level country, at a quick but steady step, occupying 
one hour, bringing me through Milton with the head of my column within 
500 yards of the spot I desired to reach. Throwing two companies of the 
One hundred and twenty-third Illinois and half of Blackburn's company of 
cavalry into the edge of the town as skirmishers, and posting lookouts on my 
flanks and rear, I put a Napoleon into position, stacked arms, and awaited 
the enemy's pleasure. In twenty minutes his advance was visible in the 
angle of the pike, beyond Milton, about 1,500 yards away, and was promptly 
scattered by a shell from Harris. A few minutes later the enemy advanced, 
dismounted, and attacked my skirmishers in the village. By this time a 
■large force was visible, and two heavy columns began passing, one to my 
right and one to my left, on the gallop. At this moment I started three mes- 
sengers to the general to apprise him of my whereabouts, and to ask him for 
a re-enforcement of cavalry. Placing the Eightieth Illinois into position to 
take care of my right, and the One hundred and first Indiana my left, I drew 
my skirmishers gently back, re-enforcing them with three more companies of 
the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois, so as to cover the center, and set 
Harris to shelling each column as it passed, supporting his guns by the One 
hundred and flflh Ohio. As the heavy flank movements of the enemy made 
it necessary, I drew the whole command slowly back, converging my flank 
regiments to a line with my center along the top of the hillock, where I had 
determined to make a stand. The heavy column passing to my left was two 
or three times cut in two by Harris, but from the nature of the ground was 
enabled to pass out of range. The column on my right was forced to come 
nearer and run the terrible gauntlet of Harris' Are, which killed and wounded 
them at every shot, and finally ran against a volley from the Eightieth 
Illinois, which killed and wounded some thirty men and eight horses, and 
but for an unwarrantable delay on the part of the officer commanding the 
Eightieth Illinois, in giving his men orders to fire, would have been substan- 
tially destroyed. As it was, the terrible raking given it by the artillery, and 
the volley from the Eightieth Illinois, which it finally received, quite effectu- 
ally extinguished its valor and boldness, so that a thin line of skirmishers 
and part of Blackburn's little company was all that was necessary to control 
them thereafter. 

Each of my regiments came into position on the crest, just as I directed, 
without confusion or delay ; but there was no time to spare on my left. Here 
the enenay dismounted, and advanced with all the precision, boldness, and 
rapidity of infantry drill. The blow struck the One hundred and twenty- 



MILTON. 195 

third Illinois. The first attack was at once repelled; but the enemy, quickly 
re-enforcing his line of skirmishers, renewed it with double force and deter- 
mination, r;r)idly advancing his main line. At this moment some confusion 
was manifest in the One hundred and first Indiana, but the gallant example 
set the men by their field, line, and staff ofticers, by the unflinching One 
hundred and twenty-third Illinois and the opportune arrival from the right 
of five companies of the Eightieth Illinois and one of Harris' guns, enabled 
me to check the disorder. Every man relumed to his post and fought to the 
last. The enemy gained no advantage ; the advance he made by it cost him 
dearly. 

The enemy now opened on my center with four pieces of artillery, and 
vigorously attacked my rear, but was repulsed at the rear by Captain (W. S.) 
Crowell, with one company of the One hundred and fifth Ohio, and Captain 
Blackburn's company, dismounted. The enemy's artillery assisted in driving 
the enemy from my rear. The engagement was now general. My line 
encircling the hillock, inclosing us within five acres of space, was entirely 
surrounded by the enemy, and every reachable spot was showered with shot, 
shell, grape, and canister. Meantime Harris was not idle; with one gun 
on the crest, he swung it as on a pivot, and swept them in every direction, 
and Lieutenant (W. P.) Stackhouse, with the other gun on the pike, swept 
everything within his range. Artillery was never better worked. Again 
and again the enemy tried to break our devoted circle, and continued the 
unequal contest upon me steadily from 11.30 a. m. till 2.15 p. m., when, seeing 
it was of no avail, he drew off his cavalry to my front, leaving but a small 
force on my flanks: and, desisting from the attack with small-arms, con- 
tinued to play his artillery till 4.30 p. m., when he finally withdrew it aLso. 
He, however, continued to so occupy the ground outside of my line as to pre- 
vent me from taking his slightly wounded or the arms left by him. He col- 
lected the most of them and took away all the men, except those in rifle 
range of my lines that were not dead or mortally wounded. The enemy left 
upon the field, of men and oflflcers, sixty-three, including four captains and 
two lieutenants, dead or mortally wounded ; and from an interview with four 
surgeons, left by the enemy, I learned that the wounded carried away cannot 
be less than 3U0, among whom were many officers, including General Morgan, 
slightly wounded in the arm ; Colonel (J. W.) Grigsby, arm broken ; Lieuten- 
ant-Colonel (Thomas W.) Napier, thigh broken: Lieutenant-Colonel (R. M.) 
Martin, flesh wound in the back and many officers of lower rank. I am 
myself satisfied, from a personal examination of the ground, that the 
enemy's loss is not less than 400. To this could easily have been added a 
large number of prisoners if my cavalry re-enforcements had reached me ia 
due time. 

Colonel Minty, of the Fourth Michigan, commanding cavalry re-enforcc- 
ments, reached me about 7 p. m., at dark, and after the enemy had wholly 
left. I am most credibly informed that Colonel Minty received his order to 
re-enforce me at about 1 p. m.. and 1 submit to the inquiry of my superior 
offtcers why it should take Colonel Minty six hours to make the distance of 
thirteen miles over one of the best roads of Tennessee, The gallant Colonel 
Hambright, with his brigade of infantry, reached me within thirty minutes 
after the cavalry had reported. 

I have brought into camp fifty-three stand of arms, taken from the 
enemy, ten prisoners and eight horses. The wounded and prisoners who fell 
into our hands represent nine regiments, including three of mounted 
infantry, and there were at least three regiments of the enemy held in 
reserve during the entire engagement, one mile in front. The total force 
of the enemy could not have been less than 3.500. The surgeons declined to 



196 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

disclose tbe force, and one wounded officer placed it at 4.000 Among the 
enemy's dead wa.s a mulatto, killed on the advance line, fully uniformed and 
equipped. My lo.ss is as follows. Killed, one captain and live enlisted men ; 
wounded, one lieutenant and forty-one enlisted men; prisoner, one enlisted 
man; missing, seven enlisted men. 

Of the number wounded but few are serious, and many will not need 
"hospital treatment. The missing were all inside the lines when the engage- 
ment began. They undoubtedly ran away to the rear, and are either captured 
•or are in the woods on the way to this camp. 

The detailed reports of regimental commanders are forwarded herewith, 
together with a plan of the route passed over and of the field of battle. 

I directed the citizens to bury the rebel dead and brought my own 
into camp 

The hard fighting of the day was done by the One hundred and first 
Indiana and the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois, but I feel profoundly 
thankful for the prompt and gallant co-operation which every officer of the 
command gave me, and too much praise cannot be given to the men of the 
entire command for their soldierly conduct. Captain W. R. Tuttle.of the 
One hundred and fifth Ohio, my acting assistant adjutant - general, and 
Lieutenant Sandford Fortner, of the One hundred and first Indiana, my 
aide-de-camp, rendered me the most valuable assistance on every part of 
the field. Captain Blackburn, of the First Middle Tennessee Cavalry, 
deserves special praise for his daring and efficient conduct during the scout 
and engagement. I desire also to make special mention of Private J. H. 
Blackburn, Company A, First Middle Tennessee Cavalry, for the prompt and 
intelligent execution of my orders in bearing my dispatch from the point of 
ftttack to division headquarters, at Murfreesborough, and also of Private 
Edward Potter, Company E, One hundred and fifth Ohio, for the faithful and 
prompt management of my train of pack -mules, so placing them that not an 
animal was lost, and for his valuable assistance as an orderly on the field. 

I have the honor to be, very truly, your obedient servant, 

A. S. Hall, 
Colonel, Commanding Sec nd Brigade 




XVI. 

A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 

T was the 24th of June when 
the campaign against the Con- 
federate position at Tullahoma 
opened. Grant had Pemherton 
by the throat in Vicksburg, hav- 
ing intervened between him and 
Johnston with whom lay the 
only hope of relief of the be- 
leaguered city. Lee had just 
entered Maryland for a second trial of his curious strategic 
hobby, an advance upon the rear of Washington, Baltimore, 
and Philadelphia, by the upper fords of the Potomac, with 
no other possible means of egress from the enemy's ter- 
ritory. 

Two of the chief armies of the Confederacy were thus 
in mortal peril. It was essential that the third, which was 
under Bragg, at Tullahoma, should not be allowed to detach 
any considerable force to the assistance of either. Under 
these circumstances, General Rosecrans was peremptorily 
ordered to advance. 

The enemy held what has been called "the line of 
Duck river." Properly, it was no line at all, merely a posi- 
tion with two exposed flanks and a range of hills with some- 
what difficult passes in front. These passes were too far 
apart to admit of mutual support by the forces holding 
them, in case of attack on either, and did not converge 
upon a common center within supporting distance, so as to 
constitute an effective line of defense. The position was 

197 



198 



THE 8 TORY Ob' A THOUSAND. 



essentially weak, also, in the fact that the enemy might 
turn either flank without uncovering his own, while at the 
same time steadily approaching his objective. Indeed, this 
had already been done by General Re^'nolds, two months 




Surgeon John Ti'rnbull. 



John Turnbull was born in Cedarville, Greene County, Ohio, March 10, 
1840. His grandfather was an officer in the British Navy. He attended the 
public schools and Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia, Pa., from which 
he graduated in the spring of 1861. He immediately enlisted as a private ia 
Company A, 17th O. V. I., for three months; was promoted to hospital 
steward and mustered out after four month's service in West Virginia; 
served gratuitously for nearly a year as volunteer assistant surgeon with 
65th O. V. I., and the " Minute Men " of 1862. He was appointed assistant 
surgeon of the 105th, and joined at Tullahoma. Tenn., July 4, 1863. He had 
charge of the health of the regiment from that time until the close of the 
war, the surgeon. Dr. Charles N. Fowler, being constantly on detached 
service as medical director. At the battle of Chickamauga. Surgeon Turn- 
bull was on duty with the regiment during its furious charge. Two men were 



I 



A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 109 

before, when he seized McMinnville and should have been 
supported by the whole army in holding possession of it. 

When, on the 23d of June, McCook advanced toward 
Shelby ville on the right, and Crittenden toward McMinn- 
ville on the left, both threatened the spinal cord of JJraggs 
position — the Memphis and Charleston railroad, which ran 
in his rear. It was then that the chain of hills behind 
which Bragg had sought refuge after the fight at Stone 
river, became a fatal hindrance to the operation of his army. 
If he threw his force on Crittenden, McCook would advance 
to Huntsville and Thomas would crush his center; if he 
attacked McCook, Crittenden would seize Decherd, destroy 
the bridges, and prevent the use of the Nashville and Chat- 
tanooga railroad in his retreat. It is little wonder that 
Bragg hesitated. Liberty Gap, in front of McCook, and 
Hooker's Gap in front of Thomas, were the salient points in 
the ridge of hills in front of Tullahoma. They were only 
six miles apart, but each was twenty miles from Tullahoma, 
the center of the Confederate line. Both were strongly for- 
tified; but either might be turned by infantry'. 

When McCook began his demonstration against the 
former, on the 23d of June, a great part of the force hold- 
ing the latter was withdrawn, so as to be within supporting 
distance of the threatened point. Thomas, moving at day- 
light on the twenty-fourth, with Reynold's division in front, 
Wilder's mounted infantry brigade being in the lead, found 
Hoover's Gap practically undefended. When Wilder's 
skirmishers drove in the pickets, there was a scattering fire, 
then a wild clangor of great guns, seemingly fired at 



shot while he was dressing their wounds. After the battle was over, he was 
left to look after the wounded, was captured, and after two weeks released 
and sent through to our lines at Chattanooga. While thus a prisoner, and 
serving friend and foe alike, a squad of Confederate cavalry robbed him of 
coat, hat, boots, money, case of instruments, all he had, except shirt and 
trousers, giving him an old pair of shoes. Because of the resulting exposure, 
he was for several weeks i n hospital at Chattanooga in a very critical con- 
dition. Since the close of the war, Dr. Turnbull has pursued the practice of 
his profession at Bell Brook, Ohio. He has been a member of the town 
council, president of the Board of Education, and has served the Democratic 
party as a legislative candidate. 



200 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



random, then a strange silence. What did it mean? Wilder 
did not hesitate. Pushing forward his line, he was soon in 
possession of the Gap. Rushing on to where a sharp crest 
gave a favoi'able position in rear of the enemy's works, he 
posted his brigade on each side of the road, his battery of 




Capt. Andrew D. Braden. 



Andrew D. Braden, who succeeded Captain Ephraim Kee in command 
of Company B, was one of the most justly esteemed officers of the regiment. 
Of a rare modesty, he needed to be sought out to be known. He served in 
Company C. of the 9th O. V. I., in the three months' service in West Virginia, 
and was mustered as First lieutenant of Company B, lOolh, with which he 
remained until the regiment was mustered out. From September, 1864 until 
February, 1863. he was Acting Judge Advocate of Baird's Division. 14th Army 
Corps, but remained in command of his company and marched with it. After 
the close of the war, he engaged in the practice of his profession, at Canton, 
Ohio, where he still resides. He was appointed postmaster by President 
Harrison and served one term. 



_JL 



A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 



201 



howitzers upon it, and sent back for reinforcements, while 
Harris, witli unerring instinct, threw his guns upon two 
commanding eminences a little in their rear. Hardly were 
these dispositions made when Hardee's columns were 
upon them. 

The Second brigade was the next in rear of Wilder. 
We had been halted where the country road forks toward 
Liberty Gap. a mile or more in the rear. The sounds in 
our front seemed to have puzzled every one. Off at the 

right we heard the 
echo of McCook's 
guns. It had rained 
steadily for hours : 
everything was drip- 
ping wet; the men 
held their guns 
beneath their arms 
under their shining 
ponchos. The water 
ran off the muzzles. 
Hat brims were 
turned down ; the 
cloaks of the horse- 
men dripped as they 
splashed back and 
forth in the muddy 
road which lay be- 
tween two yellow 

torrents. General 

M. L. Maynard, Mus. t-, i i ^i . • 

Keynolds threw his 

two remaining brigades into half -distance columns on 

the left of the road, evidently to make way for those 




Milton Lewis Maynard was born in Hambden. Geauga County, Ohio, 
September 'J-, 1^34. Previous to enlistment, he worked as carpenter, sum- 
mers, and taught district schools winters. Having a fondness for mathe- 
matics he devoted much of his attention especially to its higher branches. 
He enlisted in Company E. 105th, August 11. ISCi. with which he served as 
chief musician of the regiment until the close of the war. 

There was a tirmness and gravity about the man. which commanded the 
respect of all. and as his duties brought him into personal relation with 



20-i TllK >JOnr OF A J ll'il ^A.\J> 

\ix the rear. A big «jak-lree. luw-braucliiiig ami dense, 
grew just at the fork, (leneral HevnoliLs li»ok position uniler 
Jt. Staff officers were dojshing back an»l forth. General 
Thomas, with his .statT and iKuly-guard. came forwaril at a 
sharp trot and joined him. The two talked earnestly t«>getlier 
for a while; tlien Tlu»mas dismounte«l, sat ilown upon a stone 
at the f»Mjt of the oak, Uxik out his knife, cut a shoot that 
grew near, ami began to whittle it. Presently, there came 
u n»ar of artillery from the front. Soon the distant rattle 
«>f musketry mingled with it. An aide dashed up. splashed 
with uuid from heail to foot. lie reported eagerly to Gen- 
eral Thomas. That ollieer heard him, still whittling. Then 
he rose, threw the stick away, put his knife in his pt>cket. 
ami turned toward Reynolds. We were too far away to 
hear his words, but it needetl not much acumen to guess 
tJM-m. 

lie .xwuiig himself into the saddle, the two officers 
saluted: then bugles sounded, and onlers echoed along the 
massed columns of Reynolds. In an instant we were on 
the march, with Reynolds and his statF splashing along the 
muddy road in our front. liack in the hospital the colonel 
of the Thousand, tossing on a bed of pain, was bewailing 
the fate which kept him from the Held of contlict. lie had 
gathereil his last laurels. Coloiul Robinson, of the Sev- 
enty fifth Indiana, was in comniand of the Secontl brigad*-. 
Tlu-re ha<l been a change in the brigade t<M). The Seventy- 
fifth ami Sixty-eighth Indiana ha<l taken the plates of our 
old brigade companions, tin- Kightieth and One Hundred 
and Twenty. third Illinois. \V»' couM hear the steady roar 
of the Spiiiier rilles that had 1k-«-h given to Wilders 

every mun In ibe rcKltncot. be wa.H ont- of the b«Kt known and moNi hitcbly 
chiccmcU men lu tbe command. It wbh propt-r, tbcrvrorc. tbai wbvn ihe 
Surrlvor'h ANMiclatlon came to bo formttl. bo sbuuld tx* cboM>n a« Us 
•ccn-iary. wblcb pluct- bo ban hold ovor slnoo. Not only bas bo tbe rond- 
doncc of biM i-omrudoh. but biH follow ritlzons of (ieautfa County, bare aiNO 
tnunlfoHtotl tbolr osioom for bim In eWvlInK him County .Surveyor for sis 
conitocullvo yoarn. and County AKso»»«»r for two consocutUc terms. He 
iTHldeH at Cbanlon. O. bloHned wltb an tnierostlnir family, one of wboro U a 
vorltablr •■ Dauirblor of ibr RoKlmont.'' bavintt ht'vn tbe bonorary vocn-tary 
of tbo Sur»*lvori»' Axitoclatlon for many ypar> 



J* 'n./ft 



iOn^Uj 




Dl-A.sM from ,n. oU.c.v/ mAp l-^^ L*c n J. RoL L . nj | 






^P nittBs 




A MIDSUMMER JAUNT. 203 

men and were first used in action that day, as we double- 
quicked along the slippery road to their support. Soon, 
we deployed to the right, advancing up a sharp, green 
slope, while Lilly's battery, the Eighteenth Indiana, 
dashed by us to the front. Regiment after regiment 
followed on our left. We reached the top of the 
slope, reformed our lines, and moved forward. The lieu- 
tenant-colonel was on leave, and our major in command. We 
entered the wood and found ourselves in rear of one of 
Wilder's regiments, which had been sharply engaged with 
a force they had already driven back. We passed through 
their lines and took position in their fi'ont. They had lost 
heavily and had exhausted their ammunition. We opened 
fire on the enemy, who retired into a wood that lay ])eyond 
a ravine in our front. 

There was a splendid battle scene a little to our left, 
where Hardee's columns charged again and again the line 
which Winder's repeating rifles held, while battery after bat- 
tery, and regiment after regiment, hurried up from the rear 
to their support. It was in vain; no force which could have 
been hurled against them was sufficient to regain the pass, 
which had been lost by the temporary withdrawal of Hardee to 
meet the attack upon their left. The darkness fell suddenly, 
and we lay upon our arms in the dripping wood, with the 
dead and wounded friends and foes about us. The adjutant 
had much trouble with his horse, which, in the darkness, he 
had unwittingly hitched to a tree against which a wounded 
enemy had leaned and died. All night the stout bay 
snorted his discomfiture. 

In the morning we advanced our skirmishers; the 
enemy retired. We had taken a splendidly fortified posi- 
tion, with the loss of less than a hundred men, and the cam- 
paign agamst Tullahoma was virtually at an end. There- 
after, it was a mere foot-race. The elements favored the 
enemy. For nine days it rained continuously. Swollen 
streams and bottomless roads delayed our advance across 
"the Barrens " in our front, whose soil is a mixture of 
quicksand and glue when wet. With the aid of the rail- 



•i04 rilK STDliY <jF A TIKJl'SAXIf. 

load. Bragg maiiagi'tl U> transfi-r his army safely across tbe 
Teiinesst'e. It was a flight ratht-r than a retreat; guns. 
tents, and supplies were abandoned or destroyed. W«' 
ent«'red TuUahoiua on the first day of July, without firing 
a shot. 

W'f lraiiii>t <l on aflt-r the fleeing enemy, through th»' 
mud and rain, with the eeho of glad tidings in the summer 
air. for (J rant had taken ^'i(•ksl)U^g with the army that luld 
it. and !..(•»•. shattcnd ami luoktii at < o'tty-^liurg. had with 
diHii-ulty won the pii/.e l"<»r which he fcnight — the i)ri\ ih-g*- 
of n'tri'atin<r with heaviness the way he had come hoping 
fur triumph. 




XYII. 

A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 

HE campaign against Cliatta. 
iiooga began on the Ifitli of 
August. The army of Rose- 
crans was the same which a 
month before had driven Bragg 
out of Middle Tennessee. The 
army opposed to it was the one 
it liad dislodged, plus such rein- 
forcements as it had receiv'ed or 
might receive from the Confederate armies of the east and the 
west. Lee could spare a corps or more. Johnstone, in Missis- 
sippi, had an army practically out of business, now that (irant 
had taken Vicksburg, and the Mississippi river was in tin; 
hands of the Federals from its source to its mouth. All he 
could do was to prevent mere aimless raids into the interior, 
or guard against an advance on Mobile, which Grant was eager 
to undertake, but was not permitted by the myopic Hal- 
leck, who was anxious now, as he had been ever since the 
fall of Donelson, to keep this young giant of the west fnnn 
climbing over his shoulders into supreme command. 

Chattanooga, as a defensive position against an enemy 
occupying the right bank of the Tennessee, is essentially 
weak. An enemy might cross above or below the city, and 
might mass his forces to cross at either point without discov- 
ery. Bragg naturally supposed that Burnside, who was coming 
through Cumberland Gap, would co-operate with Rosecrans, 
and that Gordon Granger, who was concentrating toward 
Liberty gap, intended to unite with him and Crittenden in 
forcing a passage of the river north of the city. 

205 



206 THE STORY OF A TIIOISASI}. 

This tlicoiy was conlirmcil hy tin- activity ftf Hazen. 
who with Wa^iKT .s brijratlf and his own. Minty's cavalry, 
and WiltK'is mounted infantry, kept such a scurrying to 
and fro aU)ao: the west bank of the Tennessee, as might 
well induce tlie belief that half the Federal army was hid 
behind Walden s ridge. Wagner tossed shells into the city 
from MfK'casin Point; Hazen's men built ponttxjns at the 
mouth of North Chattanooga creek: while the cavalry 
sc(nited up the river as far as London, hunting for Rurn- 
side's left. Bragg mistook this feint for the serious attack. 
It wiLS the 2I»th of August liefore everything was in 
readiness for the crossing. Crittenden, with his corps, was 
in Bragg's old hiding-place, the Sequatchie valley: Thomas 
stretclu'd from Battle creek to Bri<lgeport. and McCook lay 
about Stevenson. The crossing was ordered to l>e made at 
tlii-c places simultaneously: Reynolds at Shell Mound. 
Slieiidau :it Bridgeport, and McCook at Capertons; Bren- 
nan and Crittenden at the ferries alM)ve Shell Mound. For 
a week our division, which had lx*come the Fourth IMvision 
of the Army of the Cumberland, insteail of the Fifth, 
through one of those changes which seemed intended to 
prevent all isju-if i/i- cnrjis in our army, except Wilders 
biigad*'. had been lying in the Slielt«'r of Battle Creek valley, 
only a small force with Harris" battery showing on the bank of 
the river opposite Slull .Nlouml. Several reconuoitering 
parlies hail crosse<l. and ihe railroad lu'idgi- just above had Irh-u 
burned. Wi' had captured and built eight nat-lK>ttomed liarges 
ill wliifh to make tlu- crossing. It began on the twenty-ninth. 
Colonel King, with a part of his «»ld regiment, the Sixty- 
eighlh Indiana, in the lead, and »-ontinued at the rate of four 
liiiiiihed nitii an liour until our division and most of Crit- 
tenden s corps had lu-en Iransfern-d to the left bank of the 
Tennessee. Critl«'nden starteil direct to ChaltancKiga by 
the railroad, taking post at Wauhatchie. and feeling the 
enemv around the nose of L(K)kout mountain. On tlie lid 
of Se|»teinl>er. Bumsides advance and Ihizen's sctuits 
formed a junction at Kingston, and Thomas and Mi-C«>ok 



A WASTED OPPORTUNTTT. 207 

began the ascent of those mountain ranges lying to tlie 
south of Chattanooga. These are the Raccoon, or Sand 
mountains, lying between the Tennessee and the valley of 
Wauhatchie. This range is ten miles wide at Shell Mound, 
and twent}^ miles wide at Caperton's. To the east of this, 
lay the Lookout mountain range, hardly half as wide, but 
much more rugged and precipitous, separating the valley of 
Wauhatchie from that of Chattanooga creek. Beyond this 
latter was Missionary Ridge, a range of sloping hills lying 
between Chattanooga creek and West Chickamauga creek. 

Between this and that valley of Pea Vine creek are the 
Pigeon mountains, at the southern extremity of which is the 
town of Lafayette, Georgia; east of these is Middle Chicka- 
mauga creek, beyond which is Taylor's ridge, whose eastern 
slope is washed by the main fork of Chickamauga creek. 

The Lookout mountain range and Missionary ridge had 
fair roads leading along their sandy crests to Chattanooga. 
The valleys of the Wauhatchie, Chattanooga creek, and 
West Chickamauga had good roads leading in the same di- 
rection. Thomas' corps was in front of Dug Gap, twenty 
miles from Chattanooga. McCook, at Valley Head, was 
forty, and at Alpine forty-three miles from the same 
point. 

On the 4th of September the Thousand began its march 
from Shell Mound over the Sand mountains. The weather 
was delightful, the autumnal brown of the oaks being re- 
lieved by the gold of the hickories that grew upon the 
slopes and the softer tints of the chestnuts upon the level 
plateaus which constituted the summit. The roads leading 
eastward were little used — hardly more than cross-country 
trails. There were heavy details for pioneer work, but even 
the artillery and wagons had to be held by ropes to prevent 
them from falling off the steep roadways, while the teams 
were doubled at the worst points, making slow work. The 
night fell long before we reached the summit; and all night 
long, with torches and ropes, and shouts and jests, we 
dragged the lumbering wagons up the sharp incline. 



208 



y// - jonr OF A T/forsAxn 



On the sixth, all of Thomas" corps had reached the top 
of Sauil niouutain. Ne^iey's divisiou was pushed forward 
in light marching order, with Baird in support. They 
swiftly crossed the Raccoon plateau, down into the valley 
of tilt' \V:iuli;it<liit'. cliiiilu'il tiie precipitous side of Lookout 




"SOLDIEHS TllHKK. ■ 

"This picture Is frmn u ph<>utf;ru|)li of Lleuis Wallact". Monrsildjfo ami 
TourKi-e. Uiki-ii <lurinK the course of u dusty miirch i-arly In July 1»<«3. m-ur 
D<'ch«'ril. Ten II." 

in the fair of ilic ciH'inv on llif st-vcnlh. ami on the eighth 
sfi/fd tin- fork of tlu' loaiU which lead into .^lacLemore"8 
cove, till' one through Slivt"'-*' and tin- ollii-r throuiili 






A WASTED OPPORTUXTTT. 209 

Cooper's Gap. the former leading to Dug Gap and the latter 
to Catlett's Gap in the Pigeon mountains, on the road to 
Lafayette. 

In the meantime, McCook. with the right, had movtd 
by a longer route, but somewhat easier roads, leading from 
Caperton's bridge, by Coshtown. toward Valley Head. 
Alpine, and Summer\ille, which latter is only twenty 
miles from Rome. Georgia, which itself is but twenty miles 
from Kingston on the Chattanooga railroad, the artery on 
which Confederate occupancy of Chattanooga depended. 

• • As soon as we hold that ridge." said General Thomas, 
pointing to the rugged side of the Lookout. • • Chattanooga 
is ours! '" 

•And then? " 

• • Then we will fall back to the river, fortify Chatta- 
ij.j»>ga. Bridgeport, Stevenson: put a brigade on the nose of 
Lookout: fill these places with supplies, and in the spring, 
swing by the right from Guntersville and Caperton's into 
the valley of the Coosa a forc-e big enough to handle Bragg, 
leaving Burnside and another corps to hold the line of the 
Tennessee. 

•• Ami t::trn.' 

•Then Bragg will fall back to Kingston or Atlanta: 
;t it will be too late. We shall cut the Confederacy in 
two again, taking Montgomery and Mobile. — and end the 
war! It is folly to act on the offensive in Virginia with 
such an opportunity here to pierc-e the heart of the Con- 
federacy." 

He spoke to one of his division commanders. A lieu- 
tenant of the Thousand, who had a request to prefer, which 
the latter was kind enough to approve, and had Ix-en invited 
to acc-ompany him to headquarters, listened wonderingly. 
They found the corps commander ready to take horse for a 
personal inspection of his advanc-e. The time was inopiX)r- 
tune for the request, which was never preferred. It was of 
little consequence then: of none at all now. 



210 Tilt: sTonr of a thol'saxi). 

Viars afterward. Ibis cLance cuuversation served as a 
key to unlock the lips of the great soldier wbo should have 
lieen at the Presidents ritrht hand — ihe \'(iu Multke of the 
War of llic IiclicirKiii. Uiit the H:iy:iiii of the CuiiitK-iland 
had few friends at eourt. He thought himself distrusted 
Iteeause of his soutiiern liirth. and scorned to organize a 
nioveiiienl <iii Wa'-iiiiiglon in his own In-half. 

11 is prediction had not long to wait for fulfdliuent. On 
the eighth, we took possession of Lookout mountain and 
the road which ran along its level summit, until twelve 
miles away it overlooked the Confederate citadel. Before 
even a soldier had time t(^ ride down this mountain highway 
and iiucsiioii what his purpose might he, Bragg, sensilde «»f 
the folly of trying to hold Chattanooga longei'. abandoned 
the '-(J ihraltar of the Confederacy. without striking a 
lilow in its defense, and marched his army tow.ard Lafay- 
ette, twenty-four miles distant. 

On the ninth, the news of the cvaiiialion of the I'on- 
ffderate stn)nghold --wept along the valley of NVauhatchie. 
rrept up the sides of iiOokmit. greeted everywhere with the 
cheers of an exultant arniy. Before the sun went d<»wn, 
McCook's ini II at \'alley Head had heard it. and joined their 
.shouts with «>ur exultation. How the Itands playetl up and 
down the valley that night! Why should they not? W«' had 
won a great victory, and driven the enemy from one of the 
most imixirtant strati-gic positions he hatl held, without fil- 
ing a gun. W»' had only to march intt> Chattanooga, lake 
position along the 'reini(--»i-e river, connecting with Burn 
side on the left, ami retiring .NlcCook either to Caperlon^ 
or l»y h«>okout valley, to compel the i-ncmy to ahainlon 
Tennessee or give liattle upon xmu- part of an ea^M' 
(|( feiidi'd line. 

On the lUh of September, the Army of the Cumherland 
had accomplished all it had s»'t out to do — all it wa^ pie 
pared to attem])! It had only to turn the heads of Tlio 
mas columns toward (.'hattaiuntga and witlnlraw .\IeCook 
the wav he had come, to complete one of the most remark- 



A WASTh'/) ori'ORTUXlTY. 211 

able campaigns ever planned. Ijy the fifteenth, all the 
trains of the army might have been safely parked in the 
valle}' between Chattanooga and Missionary ridge. Instead 
of this, the order was given to push on and "attack the 
enemy in flank." 

Thomas hurried to protest. He pointed out what had 
been won; showed what might be risked; what might be 
lost. Here were five fair roads leading to Chattanooga, 
less than twenty miles away. In forty-eight hours the 
objective of the campaign could be made secure beyond a 
peradventure. The army was not prepared for a farther 
advance. It was needful to secure its base, its material, its 
communications. He pointed out the unfitness of the ter- 
raine for an offensive movement toward Lafayette or Rome, 
the whole country being rough and broken, cut by trans- 
verse mountain ranges, with few gaps, and those easily 
defensible; the whole region covered with dense forest or 
blinding chaparral; without available roads, except the 
few that lead north and south in the valleys and on the 
crests; that mutual support of the flanks of the army would 
be almost impossible; that the army (^ould only be supplied 
through Chattanooga, and must at all events fall back 
there within a short time for mere want of subsistence, and 
especially that the enemy had the advantage of a railroad 
in his rear and could concentrate on either flank in half the 
time that would be required to collect a force to meet him. 

It was in vain: the triumphant general was drunk with 
over-confidence. A good fortune so great as to be almost 
incomprehensible made him believe his luck invincible. His 
fancy pictured his enemy fleeing in confusion and disorder 
along the roads that crossed his front, the remnant rushing 
pell-mell to seek safety in Rome. This straggling crowd 
of fugitives he fancied he could annihilate by striking them 
in the flank with Thomas' and McCook's corps, while Crit- 
tenden fell upon their rear. Such fatuity was unaccount- 
able until, months afterward, the Confederate commander 



M2 



77/ A' sidJiV OF A 7JKUSASJ). 



furnished tlu* kt-y. •• War is a ganu' of wits." said a great 
suldii-r, •in wliicli la* \vin> who is aliU* most etfectnally to 
lU-ffivi- his antaiTonist. 

(ItMttMai Bragg was playing tliis game of wits. He knew 
iiis opponents weakness and made it the prime element of 
liisgamliit. He had two in-tniments with which to earry 
tint the decepti«jn — his army and tlie ubiciuitous deserter 




Gen. GEonoK TT. Thom.ks. 
He made his army serve his piirp<;si' |»y marehing in hot 
ila^^te toward Lafayette, until ju- had erosse«l West Chitka 
manga ereek, and then cunningly hiding behind the wooded 
heights nf the Pigeon mountains. The business of the d<- 
serter was to make (ieneral Uosecrans In-lieve tliis headlong 
haste was to continue until the rear-guard i>f ids army reache*! 
|{onn' and tlie last wagon was parked in the valley of the 
<'■'■'-• ' "t" til'' »<:icli of tiiat inilit:ir\ m hm-I who had 



.1 WASTED OPPORTUNrrY. 213 

" flanked him out of Tullahoma and Chattanooga" as easily 
as the hunter flushes a covey he has marked down. 

The Confederate deserter was an institution which has 
leceived too little consideration. Taken altogether he was 
of far greater service to the southern cause than the best 
corps in the Confederate army. He was ul)iquitous, wil- 
ling, and altogether inscrutable. Whether he told the truth 
cr a lie, he was almost equally sure to deceive. He was 
sometimes a real deserter and sometimes a mock deserter. 
In either case he was sure to be loaded. 

The northern officer was wholly unacquainted with the. 
character of the southern " poor-white. ' With the usual 
arrogance of the well-informed, he looked with contempt 
on the man who could not read and write; who made small 
pretense of tidiness, who spoke the vernacular of the South 
with a drawl, and seemed more concerned about his supply 
of '-terbacker' than the outcome of the war. These men, 
simple-minded, Init true as steel and cunning as foxes, 
needed no padding of pretense to make themselves believed. 
Tliey were not thought capable of deception. They came 
into our li'.es; told the stories they were instructed to tell; 
hung a'jout for a while; were sent to the rear or slipped 
away; stayed ac home a month or two, and then found their 
way back to their regiments. 

Bragg"s deserters did their work well. On the eleventh 
of September the Army of the Cumberland was hopelessly 
scattered; Crittenden was at and near Ringgold, twenty miles 
from Pond Spring, in front of which lay two divisions of 
Thomas' corps. McCook was twenty-five miles to the south 
of Thomas. Only the merest accident saved the army of 
Rosecrans from being destroyed in detail that day and the 
next. Negley and Baird were pushed across MacLemore's 
cove on the road to Lafayette. Bi'iigg had laid a pretty 
trap for them; but Cleburne was sick; Hiudman was slow; 
so the attack was not made in time. When it was made, 
Negley who did not believe in the demoralized condition of 
Bragg's army, seeing himself outnumliered, withdrew from 



Tin: <TnnY nr .1 rifoisAxn. 



i.fioif hui: ti;4i Tin- next tlay, SeptemlKT 13tli, Critten- 
den, still astritle of West Chickamuuga creek and Ix'vond 
supporting ilistant-e from Thomas, was only saved from 
annihilation liv the fact that Polk did not Iwlicve any sane 




Coi.oNKi- Ekwaki) a. Kin<:. 
From u \vu>li ilr.i\viiig uoiic inna u |ilioi<>gnii>li by Aimtt Tourget. 



KuwAKt) A KiN(i. who. as colonel commandin:; a Ilritrade of tho Fifth 
Division of the Mth Army Corps, wus klik-d at ine battle of Cbickumau^ra. 
was born in C'.»mbri»l;:o, Washinjfton County, State of New York. ISU. 

He was a deseenJaQt of James Kin^'. wbo settled in Suftteld. Connecticut. 
In the year IrtTH. In early life he emi^'raled with his fathers family to Ohio, 
where he subsequently stuilied law at Columbus and Cincinnati. But his 
predilections were decidedly of a military ch inicier, und durinit the Teian 
strujjk'le for lutleiiontlence. he niised u company in the City of Sew Orleans, 
rei>oried with his command to (ieneral Samuel Houston, and served in Texas 
until her lmle|>enileiHe was ucknowlitl^'cil. 

In this service his heiltb became seriously impaired, and he returned !•■ 
the L'nit<tl .States and took up his p<>rmanent residence in Uayton. Ohio. 

In IHM ho went to Kurope. where he rvmained until the breaklnx out of 
the war with Mexico, when he returned an;l offered bis services to Ijin 
cKuntry. President Polk ap|>oiiited him captain In the iMh Hev'iment Unittsl 
Slates Infantry, in which he serveil with distinction until the close of tho 
war. He was with u detachment of his rei.'iinen! and other troops, under 
cominaiul nf Ct)loiiel Mi hitosh. in the severe k'uerilla Ht:ht at Tolome. on th«! 
rtth of June. 1M7. and in the Itk'ht under (ieneral Cadwallader. at the National 
Hrlilk'e. June lltb and I.Mh. IK|7. He afterwards parliciiNited with bis ni;l- 
inent In the Hoverul bloody bailb's in tho vullev of Mexico, under iJeneral 
Scott. reaultioK In the capture of the CHy of Mcx co. Colonel Oeorse u 



A WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 215 

man would so scatter an array in the presence of an enemy. 
He feared a trap and refused to attack, though expressly 
ordered to do so and heavily supported. 



Morgan commanded the regiment, and General Franklin Pierce the brigade 
to which he belonged. After the treaty of peace with Mexico, Colonel King 
returned to Ohio, and in the spring of 18-19 crossed the plains to California. 
Returning again, he was appointed postmaster at Dayton, by President 
Pierce, and after the election of President Jiuchanan the position w-as again 
conferred upon him. So general was the satisfaction given in the discharge 
of his official duties, there was no competing applicant for the place. 

For many years, both before and after the Mexican war. Colonel King 
took an active pait in all important matters connected with the militia of 
Ohio, and at the outbreak of the War of Rebellion, was colonel of the 1st 
Regiment Ohio Volunteer Militia, at Dayton, which city sent several organ- 
ized and equipped companies into the Held. On the ITth April, 1861, the day 
of the proclamation of the governor of Ohio calling loyal men to the defence 
of their country. Colonel King reported to Governor Dennison, and was 
Immediately placed in command of Camp Jackson (near Columbus), then 
in a chaotic state, but which he soon reduced to form and discipline. He 
was subsequently transferred to Camp Chase, where he remained in com- 
mand until, without solicitation on his part, he was appointed by President 
Lincoln, lieutenant-colonel of the 19th i-egiment United States Infantry, with 
headquarters established at Indianapolis. In the summer of 1862, when 
Kirby Smith invaded Kentucky, he took, at the request of Governor Morton. 
the temporary command of the 68th Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and was 
sent to the assistance of Colonel Wilder, at Munl'ordville, Kentucky, and 
])articipated in that engagement. He was surrendered with his regiment, and 
other bodies of Federal troops, to an overwhelming force. It fell to his lot to 
deliver the post to the enemy, and the rebel general. Hucker, who while a 
prisoner of war had been in his charge at Indianapolis, treated him with marked 
consideration. 

A beautiful incident connected witli tliis capitulation was afterward dis- 
closed. The ladies of Greenlnirg, Indiana, presented the 68th regiment with a 
silken flag. It was highly prized, and the regiment was loath to i)urt witli it 
When It was determined to surrender, Colonel King wrapped the colors around 
his Ijody, under his clothing. He wore them thus for thirteen days, saveil 
them, and the regiment bore them into the bloody Hght at Chiekamauga. 

After the 68th Indiana regiment was exchangetl, the command was again 
pressed on Colonel King, who (obtaining leave from the War Department for 
that purpose), accepted it. In the summer of 1863, his liealth, which had been 
seriously impaired, becoming somewhat re-established, he again took the field, 
and was placed in commanil of the 1st brigade, General Reynold.s' Division 
I4th Army Corps, commanded by Geneii;,! Thomas, at the head of whieli he 
distinguished himself during the advance from Tullahoma to northwestern 
Georgia, and in the effective cros.sing of the Tennessee River ; his brigade being 
the first troops to cross, and capture Shell Mouud, in the face of the enemy- 
Just before his death he had been promoted colonel of the 6th Infantry United 
States Army. He fell during the second day's tight. 

Few men more thoroughly commanded the confidence and respect of all 
who knew him than Colonel King. He was a gallant soldier, a ripe schohir. a 
good citizen, a man of noble character, and high sense of honor, and who.su 
love of country was so true that he laid down his life at her call. 



tJKi J III: STOllY OF A T/lOiSAXJt. 

The ivtreat of Ni'gley with tw(» divisi«»n!i. si'ivetl l»> 
half-iiwaken Kosccrans frmu his tU'lusive dream. MeC'ook 
was called lip. Iiul iii>iead of being sent straight through to 
Chattanooga by the liookoiit valley road, he was ordered 
to eliinh that range and join Tiiouias in MaeLeiuores cove, 
lie arrived on the seventeenth. On the eighteenth the 
lilow fell. On that day, the Confederate army havi:;g con- 
centrated on its right, crossed West Cliiekamanga creek 
lielow tile left wing of the Fi-di'ial army and took iK)silioii 
faeing westward, east of the roail leading from Chattanooga 
lo Lafaye'ite. Crittenden was posted on this road at its 
crossing of West Chickamauga creek. Thomas and Mi- 
Cook wer«' in the upiier part of Maehemtjre's cove; (Jranger 
was at Kossville. The Confederate general s plan of altaek 
was to wheel his right so as to intervene lielween Granger 
ami Crittendi'ii, overwhelm Crittemlen ami advanee on 
Thomas and MeCook shut up in the narrow conlines of 
.^l:K•Lelnore's c<jve. and either eomj)el them to surn-nder or 
drive them haek tlie way they hat! come. It was a splendid 
•^elienu', lint misearried. as liragg s plans were' apt to do. 
from too great minuteness of direction. At four oclock of 
the ciglile«-nth there did not seem to lie a pos^iliility that 
the Federal army could escape from the eoil the enemy had 
east altout it. 

Kosecrans' infatuation had well-nigh proved fatal to 
his army. Even then, had he known the true eondilit>n of 
alfairs, he would prolialily have lixed his line of Itallle at 
Kossville where 'J'homas should have been four days Ixdoie. 
The movement he deeided upon, in re->|H)nse to his oppon- 
ents initiative, was simply to pass the center corps of his 
army in rear of his left by a night march, the right elosing 
sharply up on it t<i be used as a reserve. Critti-nden lay 
along the Lafayette road from its crossing of W«'>t Chicka 
manga i-reek. towanl Chattanooga, something like twt» 
miU's iiieluding the front of Wilder s brigade (Ui his left 
Thomas was ordered two miles lo the left of tlii-^. t«i form a 
line connecting with it. ea»t of this road. When in posi. 



.1 1J\1N2'A7> OPI'ORT'CXfTV. 217 

tion, this made a line of l)attle four miles long and neces- 
sarily weak in many places. llosecrans still despised his 
enemy or he would not have risked the single-line forma- 
tion which had cost him so dear at Stone's river. The tales 
of the deserters were still echoing in his ears, and he 
thought Hragg's advance simply the desperate device of a 
defeated foe to slip in his rear and cut his communications. 

At four o'clock on the afternoon of the eighteenth, the 
Thousand lying at Pond Spring, eighteen miles from Chat- 
tanooga, received orders to be ready to march with three 
days' rations. Already the movement had begun: Baird's 
and 13rannan's divisions were marching northward. Just 
at sundown, two l)rigades of Reynolds' fell in behind them; 
Palmer followed us, in the rear of whom was Negle}', while 
McCook closed up on the rear of Thomas. It was a weird 
march over rcjugh wotjds roads. .\ cold wind blew from 
the north. Where there were fields along the roadside, the 
fences were fired and the column marched between lines of 
Hame. There were frequent halts. The firelight shone on 
the rubl)cr ponchos the men wore to shield them from the 
chill nigiit wind. Aides and couriers dashed back and 
forth. A regiment somewhere in front struck up a song, 
and for hours the wooded cove echoed with the battle 
hymns of thousands who would never sing again. At day- 
light we were at Crawfish Springs. An hour after we halted 
for rest and breakfast at Osburn's Cross-roads. Baird and 
Brannan were four miles ahead. While we rested, Palmer 
filed past us. Resuming our march, Ave halted aljout nine 
clock near a tan-yard. The distance we had come was 
not more than ten or eleven miles; but a night march is 
always fatiguing. The men stretched themselves by the 
roadside, for tlic morning sun was hot, and were soon 
asleep. 

No one seemed to know where our position was. All 
was doubt and uncertainty. The ground was wooded, 
broken with h^w, transverse hills and irregular knolls. The 
woods were open, but grown here and there with bafHing 



-'!> 77/A' SToin' (IF A TIKfl'SAMt. 

•^tit'lflu'S of ik'ust' uiKk'ibrusli. Tlieie were :i very few 
Muall fields aiitl iadisliuet roads. Tlie ground in our rear 
was elevated, in our front slightly tlepressed. Palmer had 
taken position to the castwartl vf a. roatl running north and 
south. He guesseil it to lie the Chattanooga road, hut did 
iioi kiiDW. Suddenly firing began away to our left. The 
men awoke ami listened, com|)aring views in regaril to it. 
It grew louder and came nearer. Turehin was hurried to 
the left of I'almer. Presently our brigade commander. 
("olcMiel King, rode up and in slow, delilteiate tones put the 
brigade in motion. We mov»'d liy the doulile-«juiek aiounil 
a l(jw. woodt'd knoll, aero>»s an open lield, faced t<» the 
right and advaneeil in line of battle. The One llundi'ed 
anil First Indiana were on our right in the front line. The 
wave of battle rolletl down the line towaul ns. There 
seemed to be an interval at our right; we were moved liy the 
llank to (ill it. It was the worst possible regit)n in wiiieh to 
maneuver an arniy, l)eing without landiiuirks or regular 
slopes, and so thiikly wooded that it was impossible to pre- 
serve' any alignment. He^ides, there seemed to l)e. as we 
know now llnre wa^. an utter laekof lixed ami ilefmite plan, 
and a woeful ignorance of the lield. Soldiers are (piiek to 
note surh things. an<l one of the Thousand, seeing a group 
of otlicers in i on^iiUatiou. said he guesseil they were 
•• pitching pennies to decide which way the l»riga<le should 
front. ' 

There wa> a lull in the action. We lay in the edgi' ol 
the wood. From a thicket a hundred yanls away eaiiie a 
dropping but di-adly lire. By and liy. the turmoil ileepened 
altout us. There was no chance to use artillery save al 
cloM' range. On t)ur whole front there was hardly a plice 
where a range of three hundi'ed yards could be secured. 
Communication between the tlauks w:ls almost impossible. 
The winding roads were full of lost stalF-ollicer-. The com- 
niaufler of a regiment randy saw Ijoth llanks of his ctun- 
mand at o:iee. Kveii companies lu'camc broken in the 
lhick«'l>. and taking diirereiit directions were lost to each 



.1 WASTED OPPORTUNITY. 



219 



other. Confusion reigned even before the battle began. It 
is folly to attempt to unravel the tangled web of that two 
days' fight. Even the part a single regiment took is almost 
untraceable. More than a hundred accounts of it have 
been prepared; hardly two of them are alike in essentials; 
very few of them reconcilable in details. 

The enemy determined our movements for us. The 
line at the right of our brigade was either broken or theie 
was an interval between us and the next division; it is im- 
possible to determine which. There has been a thirty 

years' war of words upon the 
subject. Two generals have 
claimed credit for remedying 
the defect, and a third has 
written a volume to discredit 
both. The Thousand lay in 
position and saw the enemy's 
columns pajs the right flank 
of our brigade. The One 
Hundred and First Indiana 
began to bend backward from 
the right like a willow wand; 
presently it broke. Then the 
line of the Thousand began to 
bend, in like manner refusing 
the right flank to the wedge- 
shaped tide whose fiery impulse was irresistible. The order 
to fall back was given by the brigade commander, who sat 
on his horse, immediately in our rear. 




('apt. E. Ahbott Spauluing- 



E. Abbott Spatjlding was born in Monroe, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 
1837. He had just graduated at Western Reserve College, and begun the study 
of medicine when the war broke out. In 1862 he was commi.ssioned a lieutenant 
of the lOoth O. V. I., and assisted in raising Company G. of which he became 
sccontl lieutenant. He was promoted to first lieutenant to date from the battle 
of Perryviile and transferred to Company E, of which he became captain, on 
the resignation of Captain Canfield. He continued in command until wounded 
at the battle of Chicliamauga. of which wound he died a few days afterwards. 
He is buried in the Federal Cemetery, at Chattanooga, Tenn. He was greatly 
loved and esteemed by the whole regiment. 



2>U rilH SToi!)' t)F A TJlnlSAMt. 

'•AI»out face! Forward, truitle center!" cuminamled 
the major. Tlie center was at the apex formed liy the 
douliled l>ack ri«rht wing. The movement was sure to re- 
sult in confusion. The enemy s tire was hot as the hreath 
of a tv|ili<»on. 

• l)oul»le (luickl ■ shouted the hrijiade eominaiidi r. ami 
leaning liis iiead upon tlie h«»rses neck, he spurred hardly 
fasii-r than the blue-dad mass he led to the rear. Into 
an old field, across a r«»ad, through a thicket «>f pines, ovt-r 
a low ridge, we ran and hailed. whether l»y order or lieiause 
every one was blown, it matters little now. The ranks 
were (piickly reformed. Some of the One Hundred and 
First Indiana were with us. r<»lonel King, with the 
light of bailie on his face, looked younger than we had 
ever seen him before. The l)ullets still flew over u>i. and 
the clamor at our right front had grown fiercer. The niar of 
aitillery mingh'tl with the musketry. A slatr-olficer rode up 
and spoke to Colonel King. He poinh-d to the right, and 
siiouled: 'The Sixty -eighth are over ther**' It was his 
own regiment, and he was deservedly pmud of it. The 
roar of artillery deepened. We diil not know where "ovcr 
there" might lie; neilln-r did our commander; but as we 
changed direcTutn and advanc»Ml to the right, we saw upon 
the side of a hill before us. in front of which stretched al- 
most the only open space in that part of the field, a sight 
never to lie forgotten. Twit, three, four batteries (some 
say more, and some say less — proliably twenty guns) were 
being lircd with the utm(»Kt rapidity almost in the faces of 
the enemy. wli<» charged, fell back, rallied, ami cliarge<l 
again in the teeth of the terrible storm. In a moment we 
were in line at the left, and just in the rear of the spuuting 
guns. As the enemy reliretl. we advanced. I'ntil the sun 
went down we lay in line, firing now and then, in answer 
l<i the scattering shots fmm the thick woods in our 
lr<»nt. It sciMiied we were not far from <tur former posititui. 
but the dead ami wounded that lay aUiut us were not ojirs. 
Fr<tm tlu' former we totik the cant«*ens to assuage the thirst 
<if the iatter, and their cartridges to repleiiiNh our own 
lioxes. 



J 



.1 WASTEn OPPOUTUXITY. 221 

After dark there came from invuy upon the left the 
most terrible outburst of musketry, cut now and then with 
the roar of cannon, v/e had ever heard. We coukl only see 
the flashes as they lighted up the clouds above, but it 
seemed a thousand times worse than a fight by day, as 
we sat in the murky darkness and Avondered how it 
fared with friend and foe. It was Johnson's division 
repelling the night attack upc n the refused angle of 
our left. This night battle laged for more than an 
hour, and then ceased as suddenly as it began. AVe 
pht forward our pickets a little way to guard against 
surprise. We would have built breastworks if we had had 
axes and s[)ades. A thousand axes that night would have 
made our line from end to end almost impregnable. But 
the few we had were five miles away on the Dry Valley road, 
on the way to Chattanooga. Soon after the .fight upon the 
left was over, it being then past nine o clock, we were 
marched, stumbling in the darkness, through the woods to 
a new position. Where it was we had no idea; save that it 
was on the slope of a hill, in the edge of a thicket, with a 
iialf-upgrown old field in our front. Some began at once 
to roll stones and logs into position to form a barricade; but 
most of the men sank down and were asleep as soon as the 
line was formed. Marching all night and fighting all day, 
left every muscle as sore as if it had felt tlie bastinado. 
There were rumbling sounds of artillery and ammuuition- 
wag-ons moving in our rear. From the front there was a 
frequent sound of chopping. How we envied the "John- 
nies" their axes. Aside from these sounds, no one would 
have dreamed that a hundred thousand men were waiting to 
renew the slaughter when the sun should rise! 



will. 

A TlVMl-r.TI I.I .s >AUI!AI1I. 

ITII tli»- lir>l ray of light, wi- l.t-- 
_r..ii Work ii) earnest on our l»ani- 
r:i(le. A heavy mist hung ovt-r 
the fiehl. Hy eight oeh»ek we 
h;ii| a res|K'etable breastwork of 
logs, ami rails, and sttmes. Then 
we were onlered forward and 
took iiositioii on lowi'r ground to 
the east of a small tu-Id. The 
Thousand was on the right of the 
6ec(unl line, its right in the wood, 
its left in the field. The right 
wing of tlie army had drawn 
liack during ihr night and wt- wrn* 
at tlif angli- it now made with 
the left. The hattle iiad been 
raging on tin- Ufl for half an 
hour, when at ten oel<K'k. ad- 
vaiuing with a gradually inerea^- 
ing roai". it rfachrd our front 
First cam*' patti-ring shots that rut thr trees above us or 
madr a little eildy in the dry autumn h-aves. Then it camt" 
nrarrr ami wr could sec the gray ranks advaneing through 
th«' open w»M>d. halting now and then t<» fire. Our nu-n 
wtMi- lying d«twn; but wlu-n tlie mi-my eam«' in rangt-. 
Tureiiins regiments rose and gave tlniu a timndi-rous vol- 
ley whieh ran from right to left like lightning on the «'dg»' 
<»f a tiark ehunl. When tlu-v came nt-arcr our briga«le t<Hik 




A TUMULTVOUS 1<ABBATII. 228 

up the battle. We could see it was a deacllj' fire. The 
enemy halted; the men la}' down in the shelter of the trees 
and for a time the fight went on, Indian fashion. Gradu- 
ally, the enemy's fire slackened and we saw that they had 
drawn back from our front. 

Soon there came a still fiercer uproar on our right. Un- 
known to us. almost the whole right wing had been sudden- 
ly ordered to the left. The general who a week before had 
mocked at the need of securing Chattanooga, was now ready 
to imperil his whole army to hold the road which led to it. 
The enemy's columns on their left where Longstreet com- 
manded, were formed with care and moved to the assault 
like a tornado. The mist had cleared away and through 
the sunlit intervals of the wood, we saw their flanks sweep 
by some two hundred yards away. Rank after rank, with 
guns at the right shoulder, waving hats, and with that rebel 
yell which served the Confederates in place of the English 
cheer, the}' poured on toward our right rear. 

Our division commander, Reynolds, rode hastil}' up 
and ordered Major Perkins of the Thousand to change front 
and charge this column in flank. It was a desperate thing — 
three hundred against many thousands. But the major did 
not hesitate or question. The general rode forward with 
him, to the I'ear of our line, instinctively extending a hand 
HI farewell as he commanded: '-Attention, battalion! 
Shoulder arms! '" 

Every man knew what was coming, but none hesitated. 
Each man sprang to his feet. 

"Order arms! Fix bayonets! Right shoulder, shift 
arms! — Right wheel! March! "' 

The general said something as we marched away which 
was answered with a cheer. We went on through the dense 
chaparral until we were close upon the moving column. 
Then came the order: 

"Charge bayonets! Double-quick! " 

Almost with the word we burst on the charging host. 
It must have been near the rear of the column. 



'S2i 



iiih: >ji>jn III- A Tn<>i>A.\it 



Ami ii«»w «K'eurrtHl :i slnuigf ihint; — so slraiijie tliat if 
there were n«»l Vfl many able to confirm, one would hardlv 
ilari' relate it. Wlieii <ienerul Reynolds gave us the order 
to charjie. he had no idea he would ever see the regiment 
again. He meant t<» otrer us as a scapegoat to gain twenty oi- 
thirty minutes' tiine. Kvery one who heard the «»rder 
tlujught it meant <lealh or Andersonville for us all. When 
we struek their llank. however, they were already lilown hv 
their long charge through the woods. Startled by our Indd 

t-sault. they scattere«l; 

many surremlering them- 
-fives prisi>ners. We 
|ire<-«ed forward with 
shouts. They knew not 
li'iw many we might Ik*. 
:^Mme fell upon their 
laces and after we had 
passed rose and fired 
upon us. One of these 
sent a bullet through the 
.>lajor's thigh. Few noteil 
ihe fall of their com- 
mander. The comman«i 
fell upon Captain Kd- 
wartls, Itiit we needed no 

orders. At no t i m e 
Simn l:. N.. T c. s„,n.. ^.^^^,,,, ^^.^. ^^.^. ,„„r^. j,,.,„ 

a Inindnd vanU a!u-aii. often not fifty. Soon, wr 




Mk.nj sMi\ Thomas CCSRINC. wns hnm in Conn« > -■ pifmber K' 

lK:iv.»ii><-<iiii-iiii-<l III KinK>villo A»'iii!<-in.v: onllMo*! in Cnniimiu < . \\ii>ii|i|iiiint«-<i 
MTKi-ani, aii'l was in roniinunii* mtvIo- a» »ufli iimil .s»-|>i« inU'r "Ji, |h»>;i wii.-ii 
he wa* wiiiiniliii in tin- ankle. iliiiihK Ihe fauMuis charKi-nf (lu- Ktiinu-nt at 
CliickuniiMiKu. He ivniuint-)! un the lli-l«l until the fullowinR Satiinlny. Iiis 
m'immkI licinK »lri>'»«'«| on Kriility fi»r tiu> llp>t titno. Ho \vji> in h<i<-|tlta1 iiniil 
J«nu'3K. IWH. when In- waxllM-liaiV"! Ho wax mlinlttol t" the Ixir nn<l < '■ • '.•^\ 
I'mliaii' Jn<lK<- <>f A»lilalinla ('<i\intv. in IMVI: rx- t-lo-ltxl in IM>V. Imt r<^ ci.-^l 
Ufurx- ilieexpinition ii( hi« ti-rm Ux-uum^' i>f lit lu-uitlt. iiini itiot i>f ivinsuni|>ti<iii 
Novi-mlxr 4. IHTV. at rtiuillfUI. Minn. Hi- wn!i n vmvX fxi'n)|ilar>- tnnn jiml 
faitlifiil MiUllcr. Tiu' \»rit«T«iwo!i lii<> life i<i ilu- iinu-linfv< an<l atiurM»\ ' " 
Ufi »hi>i. 



A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 235 

struck the end of a line which bent back and let us pass. 
Two guns that were firing to the front were hastily turned 
on us. the canister with which they were shotted scattering 
the leaves in our front like a covey of young partridges 
flushed by an intruder. We were upon them before they 
could reload. The gunners and the infantry support fled 
to our left. They evidently thought us the advance of a 
heavy column. At length we ran upon a strong line lying 
in a dense thicket diagonal to our front, being nearest on 
the left and overlapping our flank. 

By this time we were much exhausted. How far we 
had come we had no knowledge, certainly half a mile; the 
general opinion has always been that it was more. Here 
we halted, reformed our line, dressing on the colors, and 
lying down, sheltered by trees and inequalities of the 
ground, opened fire on the line in our front. When we 
started, the noonday sun was looking in our faces; when we 
halted, we still faced the south or nearly so. Our loss had 
been nothing to what we had expected; j'et quite a number 
I'.ad been killed; the Major, Captain Spaulding, and many 
others wounded. The Major had returned along the way we 
had come. That was now closed up. The fire in our front 
grew hotter; the enemy seemed closing in on all sides of us 
except at the right. It was our turn to run, and we ran as 
fast as the nature of the ground permitted. Almost every 
one has remarked that the distance we covered in retiring 
was much greater than that made in our advance. It is no 
doubt true. The strange thina; about it was that we came 
out into a part of the field entire!}' new to us. We had 
crossed two or three roads in our advance. The artillery 
fire which was on our rght when we set out, was raging btill 
on our right when we returned, though we were facing the 
other way. Where had we been? Who can trace our path 
on that bloody field? 

The question has never been answered. The mere 
statement of its elements so stamps it with impossibility 
that the men engaged in it have been chary of alluding to- 



•-••,'•, riiH .<T<>ny <>f a T/iorsA\it. 

il II was nearly nigbt when a fiagiueal of iLe Tbousaiul 
sluiubled across Ibeir ilivisiou. then luarehing toward Ross- 
ville. not long l»efore that magnitk-ent charge of Turehins 
which cU'an-d the enemy from our left rear. The delight 
of tieneral Reynolds at seeing the men whom he thought he 
had sent to certain destruction was unlxjunded. Whendeu- 
eral Thomas rode along our lines the next day. he drew 
attention to the regiment and called up Captain Edwards tt» 
relate our strange adventure. When he had heard all the 
captain could tell. (Jeneral Thomas turned to the regiment, 
then but a little company, and rtiising his hat. said: '• ll 
was gallantly dene! " 

No wonder the ujen cheered, and have kept on cheering 
for Ihiily years in their hearts. To be praised by George 
II. Thomas, was reward enough for all thty had sutFered. 
both liecause he was not lavish of praise, and this was 
openly given on the Held, where he himself had displayed 
tin- highest (juality of ln-roism. Reynolds mentions the 
the charge in his report, and is known l<» have been often 
puz/,le<l over the seemingly unexplainal)le mystery.* 

The writer suggests an hypothesis forced upon hini by 
careful study of the situation. If the student of this iiu)sl 
mysterious of modern battles, will place himself a little to 
the east of Poe's house, he will have our ivjsition wh»ii wt- 
wheeled to the right and started on our charge. The po.-i- 
tion assigned to Kings brigade on the ollicial maps is not 
the one occupied liy it at eleven o'clock on the morning of 
the twentieth. We were then at the southeast corner of an 
open tield. our right in the woods adjoining, and our left in 



•Thk hm.i,»>wi.m; is mi cxiraii fnun lifiicnil ({fjiiohl > n|»irt iilludi^l i<> 
iilirivc: 

"The lUAih Ohiu, Colonel Perkins rotnmaniliaK. uikI until this time I.vIiik 
In iv>erve, MusonU-nNl to Utvv the enemy an<l k<> ut tlu'm with the Ui.v<ine(. 
The onliT «u> KoHiinil.r eJciH-iiltil; the enein.v XMis thinwn Imck. and the 
yieliliiiK reKioieiits |Hirtly r.illii-<l. luit the enenty returning with liuTea>«'<l 
forvi'. imil lurninK tli>-ir risht. the.»e n-Kinienls \\ert» biinie baek. the laMh Ohio 
with tliein The latter reKinielit eiirrieil off the tleM the n-lx-l (m-ihthI 
.\<l«ni». w<inntl<il. who hiid U-en )irx'Vl«m<.ly eapturt-*! h.v Cuptain tJuthrie"* 
LomiMiny of the \\nh Illinoiv" 

ontelul Reenntu vol. XXX |iiik<-44I 



.1 TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. -227 

the open. The froiil line of the brigade lay along the 
hedgerow on the east side of the field. The right wheel 
brought us into the woods, and we were in the woods con- 
tinuously, except when crossing some open roadway, until 
our return. Assuming that we started from the southeast 
corner of Poe's field, which was oar probable position; that 
we advanced southwardly at least half a mile; that we with- 
drew by the right flank; that the distance we went in with, 
drawing was greater than that covered by our advance; 
that we were for some time undisturbed in the position we 
finally reached, and .that Hood's column of attack struck 
our lines a little to the right of Poe's about the time we 
started, which attack was repelled by the accidental con- 
centration about Snodgrass hill, resultinp- from the famous 
order to Wood, to "close up on Reynolds," it will be evi- 
dent that we must have passed through some interval in 
Hood's column, or in its rear; struck some other force, 
probably Hindman, advancing diagonally across our track, 
and after engaging them for a time, escaping by the right 
flank, found our way into the rougher country west of 
Snodgrass hill, the enemy we had engaged following us 
until we passed beyond their left flank. 

It is admitted that tliis solution is apparently incred- 
ible, and would be impossible on any field not of such 
umbrageous character. There seems to be no other liypo- 
thesis reconcilable with the known and incontrovertible 
facts, no other, indeed, that is not much more incredible. 
In fact, we must Lave passed through and around the Con- 
federate left, or pierced the line of fire with which Hood 
about that time encircled Snodgrass hill. Such an achieve- 
ment is unprecedented in modern warfare, and the fact that 
it was not attended with more serious loss does not detract 
from the merit of a charge which, for sheer desperation, 
lias rarely been equaled, and for marvelousness of escape 
never exceeded. 

Reynolds' division was unfortunate in many respects in 
this battle. One of its brigades, Wilder's. was not under 



'J-.'S IJlt: ^roUY tiF A TlfdrsAXH. 

bis coaiuiaiul at all; the other two, Turchiu's aud King's, 
were separated all the first day V)y Palmer s division, while 
on the seeond day. Kinjr's l>rijrade was posted at the anijle 
fnnued liv the refusal of the right wing. Discussion has 
centered, esjx'cially, at this point in hoth days' battles. 

General Turchin, in his anxiety to strike Reynolds, has 
cast some slurs on King's brigade, apparently forgetful of 
the fact that this brigade lost more olHcers and men at 
Chickamauga than both the other brigades of the division,* 
antl if it had done nothing more than check U(X)d's advance, 
as our charge did, until men and guns could Ik- parked on 
Snodgrass Hill to beat him back, it would have pcrfnimcd 
a distinguished service. Among its losses were its gallant 
commander. Col. Edward A. King, who fell a victim to \n< 
eagerness to know the actual condition in his front. lie 
sat just in rear of his line scrutinizing the enemy's position 
through a ghi-^s, when he was struck in the head by the 
1 till let of a sharp slmoter. 

That night our army wa-; withdrawn l«» the (iap in 
Missionary ridge, where it should have been p<»sted at the 
outset. Cpon the second day it withdrew to riialtanooga. 

Chickamauga was a Italtle almost unparalleletl in modern 
times. Volunu-s have lieen written to pnive how those who 
fought were marshaled. Such etforls are mostly vain. 
Those who commandeil knew little more aliout il than those 
in the ranks. What happent'd under the shadow «>f tin- 
brown- leaved trees in that rugged amphitheater betwet-n 
Missionary ridge and West Chickamauga Creek, only tin- 
rei'ording angel can truly declare. Confusion grows wor^<- 
confounded with each attempt to reduce order ont of iin 



•Thk KXAiT KU.UKES uro II litllr i» luUar III vi«'\v<i( i.iiuT.il riinluii - 
rliiitiliif Oil- wi-U-liiKb unpn-ci-'li'mol cliiiriiiMcr iif llio xTViif- of the Thit ; 
HriKiKir of llio I'oiirih I)lvi^il.ll. in this liatiU-. Thoy iin-: 

I'lr^l IJrlKiKlc. CiiloiH'l Wllilir. \v<iiiii<li-<l. UIUimI iiihI iiiK-inK ^^ 

Thini liriKU'lo. Ui'iK-rul Tur»bin, killiil. wouiultil tiii<t nii'^mg. . 313 

Total Kfr«t nn<l Thlnl BriKade^ 4W 

Tlu'Sfcoml HrlKUilc-. Colonel KiliK. lost in UIIIihI. wou»<1p<1 nn<1 ttv — i"- i- i 
Omclal R«>«.nls. vol. XXX . |wrt I. |.u:o in 



A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 229 

penetrable chaos. It was a soldiers fight, not a generals 
battle. The woods in the rear of the line were full of 
strasffflers ; vet among them were few malingerers. Broken 
into fragments, not only by the impact of the enemy's col- 
umns, but by unavoidable loss of direction in advancing 
and retreating through woods and thickets, over irregular 
hills and along obscure and unmarked roads, these men 
sought less frequentl}' to avoid conflict than to engage in 
hopeful fight. 

On the first day, Reynolds and Hazen rallied in twenty 
minutes the flying regiments which Stewart's charge had 
driven back. The men were not demoralized; they knew 
that when the enemy had broken through the line, it was 
useless to remain in the positions they held; but they rallied 
behind the guns without regard to whom the leader might be, 
and advanced to the attack without hesitation. When the 
fire grew hot on the afternoon of the second day, on Snod- 
grass Hill, the stragglers in the woods beyond turned l)ack 
and made their way with haste to the fire-wreathed crest. 
It was as if a magnet drew them to the focus of the fight. 
Every moment the line grew stronger, not only because 
troops were ordered to its support, l)ut because men and 
officers wandering objectless in the woods rallied to the 
sound of stubborn fighting. The woods in the rear of our 
line were full of moving columns, too; regiments and brigades 
going they knew not where, by roads it was almost impossi- 
ble to follow. Sheridan and Davis, Johnson and Van Cleve, 
Negley and Crittenden marched and countermarched 
through the baffling umbrage, following now a fancied path, 
now misled by the trend of a hill, going to the left with no 
knowledge where the left was; rushing to the right with 
only the roar of liattle for a guide. 

At one time a division commander, (len. J. C. Davis, 
and some of his stafi", dashed into the Dry Valley road 
and endeavored to form the train-guards of other commands 
to go back into the swirl of battle with them. Cumings, 
of the Thousand, writing in his journal that night, tells an 



aiiiiisiiig lalf ut tULuiiiiUTS Willi generals without oommaiitls. 
Tln'V ha<l not abandoned tlieir commands, nor had iheir 
nnii tU-.»rted them. They were simply lost, the generals 
lia<l trone <jne wav. their eommanils another. 




SkHi-T K. .1. ( 'l.AIMV 



Elvehton J. fUAPP wu.s born in WiiulMir. A>btubulu. Co., O.. Oct, 5. IW.', 
Ki'ceivftl his I'llucailon in a Oi>trlcl schiiol und in Orwt'll Acutlemy. }iv 
iM'Kun li'uchlnKut llie UKCof slxiofn. worl<iiu{ ujwn his fathi-r's farm MiinnnTs 
and tcuchiiiK winters. He enlisted as a private in Co. K. Au;;. !«&:. Wiis 
promoted to sergeant after the battle of Perry vlllc, and was mustered out 
with his rcKlmeul at the e lose of the war. He then resumed his studies at 
Orwell Aeademy. In IHJ<W he was electitl to n-presi-nt bis di-^trlet. consisting' 
of Luke anil Ct-autfa counties in the ."^tate Le^fislature and reflected in IK^l. 
He was elected s|H'aker. protein, tif the iJeneral Assembly l>y acclamation 
anil III led the |K)sitlon with niarki-d ability. While a memtx-r of the let,'isla- 
ture he wa.s Instrumental in seciirlnjr appropriation for the en'ction ol the 
Ohio CottaKe to Iks IcH-aled at the National Woman's Relief Corps Home. 
Madistin O. He was instrumental inortnuii/lni; a Mutual Insurance Coni|iany 
embnicInK Heveral couoii«>s of which he has U-en secretary since IKTT. He 
lives at Thompson. O. The monument which commemorates the l(V>th on the 
Held of ChickuniaiiK'u wsis sehvled by Senator Clapp, who was insiriiminial 
also In Hccurtnk' il«- appropriation for ttx- sam-. 



A TUMULTUOUS SABBATH. 231 

A brigadier-geuertil, one of the best in our army, rode 
up to a group of soldiers in which were some members of 
the Thousand, on the afternoon of the second day, and 
asked if any one of them knew the location of his brigade, 

adding humorously, ' ' Somehow, the d n thing has got 

lost!" It was literally true. While he had ridden to one 
flank, a superior officer had moved the one he had left, and 
while he was seeking this, the other had fallen back. Regi- 
ments, brigades, and, in one case a whole division, got lost 
and remained lost for hours. 

To the enem}', the difficulties resulting from the um- 
brageous character of the terraine were not so great, though 
still of serious character. They had some more or less 
capable guides; they were the attacking party, and all the 
roads from the fords and bridges of the Chickamauga led 
in the same direction. Besides that, the area covered by 
their movements was much more restricted than that over 
which ours extended. The distance between the Chatta- 
nooga and Lafayette road, along which our line extended, 
and West Chickamauga creek, was in very few places more 
than two miles, and was cut by numerous tributaries having 
a general easterly direction. These things served to give 
some idea of direction, though even then it was almost im- 
possible to preserve their alignment or maintain their rela- 
tive positions. 

Chickamauga has been claimed as a Confederate vic- 
tory because they held the field of battle; and as a Federal 
victory because the enemy did not recover Chattanooga. 
Both claims are specious rather than veritable. The pur- 
pose of the Confederate general was not to regain Chatta- 
nooga — that was only an incident. His purpose was to 
cripple the Federal army, compel it to retreat the way it 
came, and incidentally regain Chattanooga. In all these he 
failed. He did, indeed, drive the Federal army from the 
position it hastily took to resist his advance, but he did not 
care to attack it in the position to which it retired. He 
caused a very heavy loss to the Federals, but his own loss 



•s.i2 TiiH >riu:y <>f a TiiorsAxrt. 

was e\'eii «;reater. la sborl. lie mMlher tleslroyeil the Ff«l- 
t-ral army ii<»r «:aine(.l any lualerial advantage over it. 
Imleed, the Federal army coidd atTord to lose the seven'.eeii 
tli(»usand who fell at Chickaiiiaugii and hold Chattauooira 
where it wa-s forced to g(», rather than advance to Lafayette 
where its commander was eager to have it go. 

On the other hand, those who claim Chickamauga as 
a I'eileral victory In-cause C'hattanf>oga was held, igiuire tlie 
fact that this city was no longer the Federal olijective. It 
had heen in our possession for ten days, during which time 
our army might have concentrated there without the loss of 
a man or the firing of a gun. 

Now. that time has cixjled tlie heal of partisanship, 
we .see that the hattle of Chickamauga was a useless 
slaughter, made i)OSsilile only liy Ko><ecrans' negleit of the 
urgent n-monstrance of his great lieutenant on whom he 
cast the liurthen of what he deemed a lost hattle. History 
was not unkind. ther«'fore. when it named the suhordinate, 
*• the rock of Chickamauga: " but rather, exceedingly char- 
itable when it put its fiiiixer on its lips while the chief nule 
awav fnun tiie field he thouiiht was irretrievablv lost. 



I'KuiiAPs uothiiij; loulJ show the character of this remurkable action 
more clt'url.v than the following extract from the rt-porl of Colonel Wilder, 
coiuiuandluK' lh«? F'irsi HrlKuOe of our Ulvisi«>n, made, not loGenerul Key- 
nolds. who cominuiided the Division, but to Ceuerul Kosecruns. in commiinU 
of the army ; this Hrijrade having been detached fnjm the Division since the 
middle of Aujrust preceding': 

•I sent mes.sentfers." says Colonel Wilder, ••to llnd tu-oeral McCtx>k. 
Llcul. -Gi-n. Thurston, chief of General Mcl'<.>ok's stall so«»n appeared and 
nutitied iiie that the line ul my left was driven back, and dispersed, an<l 
a l'i»id that I hud better full l>ack to Lookout Mountain. I dctermine<l. how- 
ever, to cut my way to join (.Jenernl Thomas, at Kossvllle. and was arranjfltii: 
my line for that purjMjse when General Dana (Charles A. t, Asslst:inl Secre- 
tary of War. cume up and said: that our tnK)ps had fled in utter p.»nic; 
that It was a worse nun than Hull Kun; that (Jeiural Uostvrans was prob- 
ably killed or captun"<l;' and simnjjly a»lviscd me to fall b;ick and »K-cupy 
the pa-vies over Lookout Mountain to pnveni the n-lH-l occujwncy of it- 
One of my Hiuff oHlcers came up and reiwrted that he bad found (ienerni 
.Sheridan, a mile and a half to the rear and left, who sent a'lvlce to me that 
bo • was trying to collect his men ami join General Thomas, at Kossvllle. and 
that I ha«l iN-tter full buck to the Chattanootni Valley.' I now. at i p. m.. did 
HO with Kn-at reliiciunce." 

Tjeiiallent facts ap|H'urlnk' from tbU extract an* that Colonel Wilder, a 
brltfadv commander of smtculiir fertility and resource, who hud bw-n for a 



A TUJfULTl'OC'S .'SABBATH. 233 

number of days moving back and forth over this ground, was utterly con- 
fused by the eondiiion of affairs. He was unable to find the corps com- 
mander, to whom he had been assigned, whose chief of staff was as much at 
sea with regard to the whereabouts of his chief as Colonel Wilder himself ; 
that an Assistant Secretary of War declared a battle to be '■ a worse rout 
than the first Bull Run." in which the percentage of loss on both sides was 
greater than at Waterloo; that everybody spoke of Thomas being at Ross- 
ville, while the fight at Snodgrass Hill was still raging at the hot est, and 
finally that Sheridan, the most impetuous and magnetic of leaders, "a mile 
and a half in the rear, was frying to collect his troops." All this throws a 
powerful sidelight upon this phenomenal battle, and confirms the truth of 
the following extract from a private letter to the writer from General 
Richard W. Johnson, who commanded the Second Division of the Fourteenth 
Army Corps in that engagement, under date of April 17, 189.t: 

"It appears to me that the battle was fought without a plan on either 
side ; and whatever success we achieved was due to the persistent courage of 
our divisions, brigades and regiments, acting independently. No man can 
write a correct A(«^o?'y of that battle for it was fought in the woods and the 
lieavy foliage and dense undergrowth prevented even colonels seeing the 
flanks of their regiments." 



Xl\ 



THE KlUJ nK HAITI. K. 




LOWLY an.l MilK'iiU. likr a 
\v.)uikU'(1 lion (Irivfii from its 
prty. till' Army of tin- Cuinln'r- 
laiidwitli Tlionias at its iu-ail, 
fill back from its last position 
on tlie hatlli'fifld, and preparttl 
to make good its hold upon 
( iiattanooga — t li a t curiously 
>irong yi't strangely weak jjosi- 
t oil. uhicli it hail ion(|in r«(l without firing a gun and eaim- 
iii-ar h)siii«j through the inexcusaWle folly of its coniman*!- 
ing gcMiTal, who slipped away from the eenter of doulttful 
liattic, to look afti-r his pontoons and provide a way of re 
treat for the army he thought routed beyond a peradven- 
ture. Here too. came the commandei-s of its right and left 
wings, MeCook and Crittenden, with some oHicers of their 
slatFs, leaving only one of its corps cominandi-rs. the lion- 
hearted Thomas who would not recognize the fact of defeat 
to gather tlie shattered forces scattered here and ther 
t irough the sun-piereed chaparral, and by the magie of 
his calm presence and inllexibk- r«'S(»lv«'. weld them into a new 
army -an army without regiments or briga«les t)r divisions 
— an army in which rank counted for naught, but each man 
grasped :i gun — shonlilcr-straps and chevrtms lay side by 
siile in the long line battle-tlags were SO near that their 
shadows alm<»st touched — while along it rode, silent and 
gracious, with tlu" stern light of nneoinpierable resolution 
upon his face, the master-spirit who without words, with- 
«iiil ap|ieals. without clamor, by tiie mere magic of his pn-s- 
eiice, turned donbt into determination, rout into successful 
resistance. 



234 



THE EBB OF BATTLE. 235 

Again and again, the wave of Confederate assault 
swept against tlie unconquerable line on 8nodgrass Hill. 
The crowded second-growths that stood upon the slopes, 
were shot away as a reaper cuts the grain. The dark, 
pine branches lay in windrows between the contending 
forces. In the lull between recurrent shocks men gathered 
them, and heaping on them rocks and rails, even the bodies 
of the dead made low sheltering works, behind which they 
waited renewed assault. Along the line rode Thomas, 
showing no tremor, no fear, no doubt. The men cheered; 
the clustered flags dipped in salutation; the officers gave 
over the work of direction, and each one picking up some 
dead man's musket buckled on his cartridge-box, and tak- 
ing a place in the line, waited for the next pulsation of 
battle. So, while Rosecrans and two of his corps com- 
manders, waited through the sultry afternoon, a dozen 
miles away, for the shattered army to appear; the echoes of 
their guns, the dust that hung over the wilderness where 
they fought, and the few messengers that came and went, 
told that the fight was still on, and the "Rock of Chicka- 
mauga" was still unconquerable. As the sun went down, 
McCook and Crittenden returned to the army which would 
not come to them. The unorganized mass of individual 
valor which had repelled the enemy's last assault, had fallen 
back to the slopes about Rossville, :"id was slowly and sul- 
lenly sorting itself out into an army of regiments and 
brigades again. It was one of the most marvelous things 
in the whole history of war— a scattered and disorgan- 
ized army crystallized into a triumphant force by the magic 
of one- man's will! 

A considerable force had already reached Chattanooga; 
two brigades of the reserve, some regiments of cavalry; a 
number of batteries, which had made their way out of the 
confusing labyrinth of wooded hills, which composed the 
field of battle, into the Dry Valley Road ; others that had 
crept along the country roads that crossed Missionary 



336 



THE STORY OF A Tllol'SAyjf 



Ridge, and CfUtereil at Cliattanuoga. lueu and waguus. 
trains and auibulances, all that dt-trilus that gathers in thi' 
rear «>f losing battle, lK»tli hy aecident and design, luul 
floweil into the caiitured citadel, a dozen miles in rear of 
the l.atlle-frout. 




(ait. .1. ( II \l;T/.^LI.. 



John C. Hakt'/.ki.i, was iMim in iKv-rflcld. I'urlajfe Co., «>. Hi:« aun-^i..! ^ 
Clinic froiii ihf r>-i.'i<>ti iif thf Muri/. ,Muuiiiuiiis in ttcrmanv. Ho enllNl<-<l in 
Compiiiiy H. anil was up|M>inlc<l vcoml lli-uu-uuni; pnimoi«,"»l to flr>t lleutesaot; 
I'uptatn aflrr the tlt-uth of Cupluin \Vil>on. Ho was In command of Com- 
]>any°s H an<l C with tlio Division train ilurinK Iho battle of Chlckamaiu;a 
and IkuI much tniuhlo with stniy major ifnorals who iiis|st<Hl on the ahun 
•lonmcnt of the trutuaml the formation of the iwocompaalcs ia line to taki 



THE EBB OF BA TTLE. 237 

When the night fell, the amphitheater which lies be- 
tween Chattanooga and Missionary Ridge, along the Ross, 
ville Road and the Valley of Chattanooga Creek, was full 
of strange sights. Soldiers in squads ; otBcers in groups; 
cavalry, infantry and artillery- men, some going one way 
and some another; ambulance stretchers; wounded men 
walking with difficulty; men helping some comrade to 
escape peril of capture — a strange mass of fragments who 
pressed not hurriedly but steadily, some of them toward 
Chattanooga, and some of them back toward the army they 
had left hours before. 

A lieutenant of The Thousand, who had l^een sent to 
the rear in charge of the wounded, had picked up a 
wounded confederate, Bi'igadier-General Adams, and re- 
porting liim to the officer in command at Rossville, was or- 
dered to continue with those in his charge to Chattanooga 
Gen. Adams had been wounded several hours before and 
captured, it is said, by an Illinois regiment. For some rea- 
son or other, he had been abandoned. When the lieuten- 
ant and his men came near he cried out that two or 
three men who were standing by, were robbing him. Their 
conduct and his condition seemed to justif}- this charge. 
Certainly some one had taken from him all the valuables 



the place of their o^ra lost commands. In the spring of 1S6-1. he was detailed 
by special order of the Secretary of War. to the duty of forwarding recruits 
from northern depots to the armies of the west, carrying back and forth large 
sums of money to be paid to the recruits on their arrival at destination, rang- 
ing from $10,000 to $65,000 a trip. 

He continued in this special service until the close of the war and justly 
boasts of having '■ handled" more "bounty-jumpers" and unwilling recruits 
who were induced to enter the service by high bounties in the later months of 
the war and to have lost fewer of those entrusted to his care than any man in 
the army. Among the curious incidents he mentions is the finding one of the 
Captains of the Thousand, Wm. G. Crowell, among a company of recruits; 
who having resigned because of ill-health had re-enlisted as a private soldier 
for a handsome bounty. Captain Hartzell travelled in the discharge of this 
duty over 40,000 miles and had all sorts of pleasant and unpleasant adventures. 
He was an inveterate wa^ who could always be counted on to find something 
funny in the most lugubrious circumstances. This quality has not forsaken 
him and at each re-union of the survivors of the Thousand he is expected to 
furnish them fresh food for their mirth and has never yet disappointed them. 



r.> uiK >r(iuy (iF A Tii<>r<AyD. 

lu' li:ul. \\k' was loading tlu'iu witii iuipiveatious of unuiiu* 
ami vigorous t-liaractiT. Tlie men sullenly retired. The 
lieutenant who had been a prisoner of war himself, felt 
great compassion for his wounded enemy, but found that 
wlien he propijsed to remove him. the vials of vituperation 
were turned on him as well. The general declared that it 
was simply murder to remove him from the field. Finding 
that his Wound was well bandageil and mistrusting that his 
clamor was a ruse to prevent removal in the hope that his 
friends would prevail, the lieutenant persisted, and one of 
the men with him having secured a horse, the prisoner was 
lifted into the saddle and with all care, removed from the 
fiiitl. He got over his exaspi-ration after a while, and when 
lie hatle llie lieutenant good-bye, said he would like to give 
liiin a toke!i of his good will, but the ••«lamned rascals had 
not left him even a sleeve-button. ' So he aske«l his captttr 
to cut otr one of the buttons t»f his coat, and if he was ever 
in tile like plight within the confederate lines to 
send it to him and he would repay the courtesy he had re- 
ceived. The lii'Uteiiant did si>. anil gave his prisoner the 
knife he used in order that he might not be without some 
thing Ui cut his tobacco, of which he matle free use. 

Two curious facts are connected with this incident. 
Tlie Tiiousaiid has. in a way. always claimed the captun* 
of (W-n. .\tlanis in its famous charge through the confeder- 
ate left wing. Surge<»n Turnbull. who was then the slen- 
derest of striplings, jnst out of his medical studies, quite 
unlike tile portly practitionrr In- lias since be«-oine. is still in- 
clineil to the opinion that he dressed (Jen. Ailam>' wonnd in 
that charge. There is no doubt in the writer's mind, thai 
he is in i-rror. and that the claim <tf original capture caiuiot 
l»c inaiiitaiiicil. If any reliance at all is to be placed upon 
tlu' maps and reports of that battle, (Jen. Adams must have 
be«'n wounded at l«a«.t an hour before the char<:e was made 
and on a diirereiit part of the field. When the lieutenant 
foiin<l him. lie was at least a mile from the scene of the 



THE EBB OF BATTLE. 23i> 

charge. The officer whose wound Surgeon Turnbull dressed 
was probably a colonel of Stewart's Division, who was car- 
ried ott' the field, but recaptured by a part of his own com- 
mand. Surgeon Turnbull was one of the bravest men the 
writer ever saw and his conduct in following the regiment 
in that charge and ministering to the wounded under the 
hottest fire just where they fell, was an act of heroic cool- 
ness which few even of his profession ever equalled. He 
was ordered to remain and care for our wounded and in 
consequence was captured and held by the enemy for sev- 
eral days. On being released, he was met just outside the 
confederate lines, by a squad of the enemy's cavahy, who 
robbed him and those with him, taking instruments, watch, 
money, coat, hat, boots, in short, as he quaintly reported, 
"about everything except his hope of salvation, which was 
so small they did not find it. ' 

The Thousand came into Chattanooga on the instal- 
ment plan. So far as known, the Major, who had a close call 
for his life, being shot in the thigh by one of the men who 
threw themselves on the ground and were passed over in 
our charge, with those in attendance upon him was the first 
to arrive. Fortunately for him, he was enabled to get back 
to Nashville before the way was barricaded and so escaped 
the crowded hospitals and the hardships of the siege which 
followed. The lieutenant with the squad under his com- 
mand, reached the city about ten o'clock at night and tak- 
ing the wounded in his charge at the hospital, he reported 
to the provost-marshal and was assigned to duty with the 
men under his command on the road just at the left of the 
point where the building known as Fort Negley afterwards 
stood. The duty consisted at first in halting those who came 
and forming them into ranks. After a short time all those 
under his command, lay down and slept, the lieutenant 
with them. No wonder, this was the third almost sleepless 
night with two days of constant and exhaustive conflict be- 
tween. The moonlit stillness was interrupted now and 
again bv the roar of a gun on the vet troubled field of bat- 



24U 



77/ A' ST<Uii 



Ik', the piissajio «jf swift galloping luesseiigLTs tiiul. towanls 
morning, by tlu* coining of a gem-ral ami iiis statf. Those 
who came in hiitl thi*mselves down beside them. Wiien tlu- 
day dawned, the little stjuad had grown to a battalion, if 
not a brigade. The lieutenant found that he had other 
lieulenunts, captains, and colonels under his charge, lb- 
busied himself in obtaining rations for the wearied sleepers 

and after u time orders came 
directing those belonging to the 
various corps to re[)ort at ditrer- 
<iit points. The lieutenant was 
-till left on duty with the men 
uf The Thousand t<j act as a 
sign-post for the weary men 
who came straggling in. C'uni- 
A^ Tl^ ings, then a lieutenant in 

^^^V , ^^^^^^ command of his c«)mpany. 

^^B^^HPr^ Harl/.ell. had l>een iletaile«l as 

^^^^^^ guards of the Division train 

which came by the I)ry 

K. K. C'owLKs. N'alley r<»ad in rear of the field 

of battle, notes in his journal the meeting with them as he 

came in. Quarter-master Wright in charge of the train was 

ridinifa horse branded •• C.S.. ' which ha<l somehow fallen in- 



KuwiN R. CowLEs wiis bom In Geneva, A ■ .O. January 2. 183X. 
Wa.s ctlucatcU in the common schools ami ih' • .VinuK-my of KinK>- 
ville, and was a studonl at that phki'o |ire|Kknii.- i'> i:,,.r ihfSi: ' '..•»^. 
at Obtrlln College, with his brother Zerl, when the call f.' , :i.• 
They Unh enlisi. .1 n • ! I Mt, ii: V \' ISH. The exposure t ...: : ihc 

battle of Perry\ ' fever, and after a few months tn the 

hospital he was I I'U-rkat IIi;itI.iiiurters, Cam|» IX'dlson 

(). In .Vprll IWM. Iiu rvjoitu-d ui> fvK'tiut'ut at '' 1 . in timo to particl- 

|iot«' In th<> .At Uinta campaik'n. and remained ■ uent tmif! jri'i-'ienHl 



f the war. Fie was for a tiuic lli' ri-.ifier Sir 
Co.. at .Amherst, O. Later he r^'iumed to C ■ 



out :i; 

the < 

tip u i;i:-.-f IT... ■ ■, ■ .-,.... .,...,_.._ 

In eharv'i' of tin- ■ 

the survivor of ■ 

every meuilier ■ 

Tcnn., and for u 

No man haH t)ctl<-r dv*vrvfU ibo pro«Hivnty >•( bin lul^-r ytatrk 



• of 

.lit 

1 Is iiiso 

s. II. u 

■ ■•>"! to. 



THE EBB OF BATTLE. 241 

to his hands the day before, which shied, as well he might, at 
the dilapidated squad which gathered round to shake hands 
with the rider, who thereupon remarked that the beast "hadn't 
got quite used to men in blue uniform yet." It was a 
better jest than it would now seem, for the blue showed by 
no means very clearly through the dust and grime of battle. 
Hartzell, the irrepressible wag, remarked that in his opinion 
' ' about the pleasantest way to fight a battle was as train- 
guard, a good way in the rear." He would have been the 
same jovial comrade under fire. Cumings is now the De- 
partment Commander of the Grand Army in the State of 
Pennsylvania, and is just as modest and kindly as when 
with a single bar upon his shoulder, he pressed forward to 
shake hands with all, and ask after the dead and wounded 
of the two days' fight which he had heard but had not seen. 
On the morrow the army fell back to Chattanooga. 
How we watched its progress! One division after another 
was deployed into line on the plain between the cit}' and 
Missionai-y Ridge, then wooded to its crest, save for a few 
clearings here and there. Batteries were placed in position 
to resist an advance and a line of skirmishers thrown for- 
ward to the crest. The members of the contingent already 
arrived had steadily increased. They had been assigned a 
position and were on the outlook to greet their comrades. 
It was well toward sundown when they came; at their head 
Edwards, the senior captain, on whom the command had 
fallen after the Major was struck. Neatest of soldiers, as 
he was one of the bravest and most enduring, the struggle 
had told upon him. He was haggard and anxious. Yet 
he was the same courtly gentleman who has since adorned 
the senate chamber of Minnesota. There were few jests 
then. Though resolute and determined, the soldiers of the 
Army of the Cumberland recognized that the peril was not 
over, and while they questioned of comrades they would 
never meet again, they nerved themselves for the struggle 
they knew must impend. The next day the enemy ap- 
peared, our skirmishers retired, our lines were drawn back 
and the Siege of Chattanooga had begun. 



XX. 



TIIK SlK<iK OK CHATTANncMJA. 




\K ..f tin- iiKxt (U-lijrhtfiil of 
aiiUiinnal .sct'iu-s was C'liattanooira 
when tla' army of the CumUeilaiul 
fell bark and began to enlreiu-h 
il^clf on the group of oak-erowneil 
liills, whieh the straggling little 
r- ^^^^^— ^-v cilv occupied. The irregular line 
l~\ 4 -'\ -Si 1 <"f eastward frontini: eminences 

fe ->/ ■ - ^1 Hfc I 

which overlooked the plain that 
lay l)etweeu the city and the half-encircling crest of Mission- 
iiry Kidge, together with the wide, swift river which sweeps 
its western side ; Walden's Kidge rising behind it. and the 
point of Lookout Mountain just far enough away to be br. 
yond the reach (»f ellective bombardment by the artillery of 
that time, made a singularly dillicull position to carry by 
assault, even liefore the erection of tho>e works which soon 
transformetl it into a citadel. 

If the place was held at all. it louhl only !•«• i-arried l<y 
siege, or its evacuation compelletl by cutting otF its supplies. 
It was be\ond the range of elFective b«unbardment from 
Missionary Ridge or Lookout Mountain, while the Tenner 
see river etrectually prolei-t«'d it from assault on )nor»- than 
half its circumference. 

On the other hand, tin- supplies ft>r tlu- aiiny wj-re very 
scant, and the line of supply was of the most ex^M)sed char- 
acter. The river an<l the railroad passing around the nose 
of Lookout .>Iountain, lonstituted the chief means of reach- 



rilE STEGE OF ('HATTANOOG A. 



243 



iug- the railroad from Nashville to the Tennessee, by which 
all our material must come. It was then, and has ever 
since been a matter of surprise that Bragg having deter- 
mined to invest Chattanooga, did not at once push forward 




Captain Hokatio M. Smith. 



Horatio M. Smith was born at Worthington. Berkshire County, Mass., 
.January 27th, 1835. aud carue with his parents in infancy to Ashtabula County, 
Ohio. He was reared on a farm in Orwell ; attended district school and the 
Oiwell Academy; taught two or throe winters aud at twenty-two entered a 
country store as clerk; was admitted to partnership a year or two later. After 
a few years he relinquished his interest in the store aud engaged as traveling 
agent with a New York firm. He rapidly acquired a large country trade and 
was receiving a good salary when the war came ou. He enlisted as a private 
in Company K. 105th O. V. I., August 13th, 1862; went into camp next day and 
on the orguuizatiou of the regiment was made quartermaster-sergeant, which 



•214 TIJK STUIW OF A TJKU ^AXD. 

a sullicieul force to strike this line at its most salient point, 
the \'ulley of tlie Wauliutcliie, so us etTeetually to interveni' 
between the city and any relieving force. Events showed 
that if this had been done, the city would in all probability 
have been abandoned. There was nothing to prevent such 
a course. The enemy had only to cross from McLemores 
Cove to the Valley of the Wauhatchie, by the roads we hud 
traversed, and others open to them nearer to the city, to 
retake, and, V»y aid of a little defensive work, easily to hold 
the cistern bank of the Tennessee. 

There was no f(»ice between Challanooira ami Shell 
Mound sullicient to seriously contest such a movement, ami 
there was no reason why Bragg should hesitate to reduce 
his army before Chattiinooga to that extent. A mere skele- 
ton line was all that was required to hold the crest of Mis- 
sionary Uidge, and as we have seen already, he had no use 



l«i>l he \\\Uf\ iiiuil tlu- ri-Kinu-nt ri-aolii-<l Murfrvt-sljomujih. when? iiuviii^ U-tii 
prc'viiiu.'«ly pmiiKiio"! t<>;i lifuloiiaiiev, he wasilelaile«l early iu 1863 as briKa'l-- 
tiuarteriuii>ler. in which ea|»aeiiy he mtvihI on the slaff of Colonel Hall an^l 
|iis sueces.><)rs until after the battle of ChiekaniaiiKU. In Oetolx-r, 1N53. he «a- 
u|i|Kilnte<I by General Thomay, jxot quarteruia.>>ter ut ChattuuiM^tga and a Uw 
Weeks later, dept>t qnartermasier at the same plaee. About this time he wji- 
C(>nimis>ioneti captain and A. Q. M., by Pn.'>ideni Linctjln and later by Pn-.-i 
ileiit Johnson, brevet major. He .si-rved on the staff of General Thomas a; 
Chatt.inoo;,'a aljout ei;^hteeu months and at Nashville in eharjio of the cavalt;, 
clejjot aUmt ei„'ht nmiiths. At this place he sold off at auction the horses auu 
mules, many thousan<l in numbiTsin the department of the Cunjlx-rland after 
the disM>lutiun of the anny. At l'hattanoo(;a his duties were varii-d and 
tinerousand invulvin^ not only the cii>tribulion of the vast quantities of sup 
plies required by Thomas and Sherman, but alv) the direction of a small ann.v 
of civilians employe*! in the construction and operation of numerous great 
repair shops, many s;iw mills, ]o);»:inK camps, wood yanls and coal mines: th< 
buildini; of Innnense storehouses, barracks, hospitals and otlier necessary 
structures. Steamlioats and other river craft were reconstructc«l ; the ffreal 
IK-rmanciit briil^e across the river at t'baltanooKa built; tht' laying out and 
mauaKi'incnt of .the National CVmelery aiiemlcd to and its records kept ; in 
short, all quartennasit'r work not olhcrwi>e specially proviilttl for was done 
by him. Many millions of dollars passed throiit;h his hands and the immensi> 
business uiuler his coutntl was conduct«-4i with such encrjry, eeonomy un<l 
Judicious adaptation of the means in ri-ach to de<>irx-d en<ls as to win for iiim 
the unstintetl commendation of the sound and practical chiefs, General 
Thomas and tjuartermast«-r Meigs. 

Alter his niurn to civil life, Major Smith engaged extensively in the pio- 
duce ^hipping trade with lln.illy disa.stnius r«->ult.s which not only al>M)rbe<l all 
his s;ivings, but involvetl him in an indebtetlness which It was the ho|M' anil 
effort of hih latter life to di-«li:i>ve. 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 245 

for anything more. His enemy was in no condition to leave 
the stronghold to which he had retired, and if he did, was 
too short of supplies to make any advance. The only rea- 
son that can be given for this failure was a too confident 
belief on the part of the Confederate General, that all that 
was required, was to cut the line of supply at some point, 
so as temporarily to isolate the invested position. This he 
did by pushing forward a brigade to the point of Lookout 
Mountain, which cut off communication b}' rail and river, 
but did not suffice to prevent the landing of a relieving 
force below, which ultimately turned the left of the Con- 
federate position and rendered its attenuated line wholly 
incapable of resisting tlie sortie of the beleaguered army. 
Two things in part excused, if they did not justify 
General Bragg's neglect to occupy with a heavy force the 
east bank of the Tennessee, from Chattanooga to Shell 
Mound ; the one was a confirmed belief that the Array of 



In 1876, the government having decided on the establishment of the great 
militaiy post at San Antonio, Texas '■ Fort Sam Houston," Quartermaster 
General Meigs, himself one of the ablest engineers this country has produced^ 
paid Major Smith the compliment of selecting him to superintend the entire 
construction of this most important work of the kind in America, and which 
consisted of a large area of parade and other grounds, barracks, quarters for 
officers, stables, shops, offices, storehouses, water works and general provision 
for the accommodation of many thousand men and horses, who are perman- 
ently quartered or are occasionally mustered there. This work which was 
accomplished to the fullest satisfaction of all concerned was completed only 
a few years before his death, which occurred in 1890, while on his way north 
in the hope of arresting a threatened relapse of the terrible "dengue" or 
" Ijreak-bone fever " from which he had been suffering. 

The army career of Major Smith was the most notable of any member of 
the regiment. He not only rose from a private soldier to the rank of captain 
and A. Q. M. in the United States army, without aid or influence from others, 
solely on his own merits and the recognition of his capacity, by those he 
served, but he so impressed General Thomas with his remarkable ability to 
organize, direct, control, overcome difficulties and to produce desired results, 
that he placed him in one of the most responsible positions in reference to the 
safety and efficiency of the Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the 
Mississippi, that of post and depot quartermaster at Chattanooga. 

That this country boy, with only the training of the country school and the 
country store, .should have performed these duties, not only with efficiency, 
but with ease, shows what a genius he had for organization and detail- In 
other respects he did not show remarkable powers. He shone in fulfilling the 
orders of others rather than in achieving great enterprises of his own incep- 
tion. He was a genius of organization and detail. Given a specific thing to 
do, there were few men who so easily and surely achieved the desired result. 



24<; Tin: ^touy of a ttjou^axd. 

the t'unibt'ilaiul was so pressed fur fcxxl lluit it would 
l>e ol)li«j:etl to evacuate Chattanooga as soon as the railroad 
was out and the river obstrueted so that boats couhl not ply 
Itetween the eity and Bridgeport. Another reason why ht- 
did n<it dee'u it necessary to intervene more strongly. wa< 
tlie fact that he knew there was no Federal force of any im- 
portance whicli Could l»e sent to the relief of Chattanooga, 
nearer than Memphis or Washington, and from neither th<- 
Army of the Mississippi nor the Army of the Potomac wa>. 
it supposed that assistance could Ix.* expected in time t<> 
afford elFectual r«'lief. The real danger to be apprehended, 
as Hragg thought, was from the junction of Burnside ■- 
army with that of Kosecrans, which he was car«'ful to guard 
against by holding his own army well in hand Ix'tweeii 
t hem. 

'J'hat (icneral Hragg s conclusions, while lacking tin- 
jMjsitiveness which characteri/es the deductions of great 
military genius, were by no means unreasonable, will appt-ai- 
from the fact that almost the first act of the Federal com- 
uiandi-r was to assemble his corps an«l division commanders 
at his head(juarters, to consider the question of abandoning 
Chattanooga, crossing the river, and taking position tm 
Walden's llidgi'. There is no ollicial record of this coun- 
cil, but one of the survivors asserts that the comman<ling 
general expressed no opinion, and no <»ne aniong tlu' sul»- 
ordinate commanders favon-tl it. Tt is ditlicult to conceive 
what advantage was expect«'d to l»e gained by such a move 
ment: but the fai*t that it was mooted siiows that Bragi: 
was not iinreasonaldy sanguine when he lo<»ked for tlit- 
place to bi- evacuated Itefore relief coidil c<unc. 

After this conf«'renci' the work <if defense began in 
earnest. The enemy liatl assumed po>-ition «»n Missionary 
llidge, our forces falling back, burning the houses and fell- 
ing the trees that intervened. A continuous picket-line w:ls 
«'8t:iblished along the whole fr«>nt. The encMuy's tents shtme 
tlu"ough till' blown leafage t»n the slope and crest of Mis- 

Sl'>i|.ir\ lliil<_'e. Till \ bliiil<;lit siHiie lleaVV gUUS inlojiovj. 



THE SIEGE OF dllATTAXOOGA. 



247 



tioii find threw shells at our working parties. J^ines of cir- 
cumvallation were laid out and the army addressed itself to 
the work of preparing cover in case of an assault. The 
oaks that crowned the hills were cut down and used as sup- 
ports in the bomb-proofs. Breast-works, ditches and covered 
ways were built. Forts and bastions rose at salient points 
along the line. The men worked eagerly but confidently. 

There was 
more or less of 
skirmishing 
every day, and 
frequent night 
alarms. 

On the third 
day G e n er a 1 
Rosecrans lode 
t h r o u g h the 
camp, making- 
addresses to the 
soldiers at vari- 
ous points, 
w here they 
trooped to hear 
hiin. It was 
not a formal 
military p r o - 
gress; just the 
general, a few 
of his corps and 
livision commanders and members of his stafl!". His words 




Lieut. Aldex F. Brooks. 

(From !i pun-skutch l)y himself.) 



Alden F. Brooks was born in Williamsfield. Ohio, April 3, 1840. At the 
age of fourteen he went with his people to Iowa, and soon after removed to 
Plattville. Wisconsin, where he attended school. At eighteen, being threatened 
with lung disease, his physician advised an overland trip to California, which 
he took in the spring of 1859. He .spent a good deal of his time on this journey 
sketching and making topographical maps of the route. This experience 
afterwards was of great advantage to him in tlie service. He staid in California 
till after the war commenced, when he returned to Ohio and soon after enlisted 
in the 10.ith. He was with the regiment during the retreat from Richmond to 



//// ^TDliY tiF A JJJ(>L>AM>. 

:iimI iKiiH-aiKM Win- LoiifuUMit. oiu" luay almost say lx)asll'ul. 
>trangfly at variance with artual roiulilioiis. His aiiiiy 
was euthusiastifally tlevuliHJ to him. Tlu-y had not yet had 
time to study the movements of the past niontli. The his- 
tory of the I'nion Army since the 9th of Septemljer. when 
the en«'my surrendered ('iialtan<M»na. Iiad not then been writ- 
ten. We supposed the hattle of C'liickamauga to have l>een 
a necessity : that it coul<l oidy liave been avoiiled by sur- 
rendering; ('haltanooiia. ihe objective of the campai«in. 

We di<l not know that Thomas liacl protested against 
tin- inoMincnt into McLemores Cove, and that we mi'rht 
have been in Chattanooga on tlie ir)th, without firing a gun, 
waiting to l»e attacked on tlie very ground we now occupied, 
aft<'r a h)ss of 17. (Hid un ii. Hecause «)f this, we slill Im- 
lieve<l in our comniamler, whose confidence, as usual, s<Kin 
rose to the point of boastful exultation. He rode from 
camp to <:inip. the shouts and cheers of his soUUers consti- 
tuting a vote of conliilence, which seems incredible wlien 
we reflect that he had left his army only a few days before. 
in the inid'^t of one of the most terrific battles, ami come to 



I..<>ulsvillr: Nvii> ill ihf iiattk-iif PorryvilU-. >vlu-rx- lu- wu.'* wouiuK'^l in ilu- U-ft 
IiiiihI. He waiMi«.-tull(.-<i Ti)ixiKru|iliii-ul KiiKiian-r nf -llti llri>:u<l«.-. -Illi l>i\-isinii 
Nth A. C. cm IIk- Maft of Oiluiiil A. S. Hall. At tlie Itattlo i»( H««niT's t;a|i lu- 
\va> tiio only To|ioKni|ihit-al Kn^int-vr who niiic|<- u niup of oiierationsoul nf 
twi-nty or iiiorv fn»;ini'crv, and was rtH'oniiiH'n"h'<l l>y Major-Geni-rul J. J 
Kvyni'lil". for a coininivvinii. ami as*lKne<l toiliity as To|iot:r.iphl«-al KiijrliHHT on 
hi^'ialT. .-\ft<T till' liattU'of ChickaniauKa hi- wa^ <lr(all<-<l a- <lniu);ht>nian ut 
LH-|>iinniciil ni-a<l<iviart<.Ts, with Colonel Mt'rrill, and niiisicrcil l>t lii-utcnant- 
<-oloncl ut Kin>o;olil, Ui-oivia. in May, Ih»H; di-iaiU-<l Avvi^tant To|«iKraplil«al 
KnKii>«*t.T «>•! Major-lJencral Tllon^a^* t>talT, and joinf<l thoi'omuiand at Mari- 
etta, lia. Kcltinutl to Ohattauooca aftor tlu- capturi- of .Atlanta, and iimilnui-*! 
in i-harvfof the fn>;ini>fronU'i- at the |ailnt until tli-tailol with T. H. Van Horn 
to Mjrvcy uikI lay out tlu- National tVim-ti-ry at ChattaiMnKa : Wa* inu-lcn-d 
«iut with the n-Kilili'lil; went to Xew York in IHrtT, and >tu<lietl In the Aeadeliiy 
of Design; wa.i uKi a pupil of Kdwin While, the "Aiueriraii Titian:" 
reinove<l to('hieiu;o In IKTO. and c>|iened his Itrst ^tudio. In IKXI be wt-iit to 
I'ari.-. and wa^ u year iiiicter ('aniUit Dwraii: exhlbiit.<<l in the .Salon of !»*•-'; 
hinee, he haN exbihite*! in New York. Itoston and I'hiladelphia. nl!«> every 
year in ChleaKo. He hiui often n-ceiveil honorahle mention, and had thi- 
honor of iNdiiK the only urtiM in CbleuKo who exhihite<l in l»lh oil atid water 
(tilor ut the World'M Fair, IWi. 

He wa» inarri<-<l in IH6I an<l ba« two daiiKliler- and one s,,n. He n'>lde> in 
ChleaKo. 111. He is the only nieniherof the n-vlnx-iit who ha- nrhieveit K|«-4-iul 
<tl«tinrtion a<> an nrtl»t. and tbe imrtmlt Klveti al>i\e from it |ii'n-<-kei<'li of him 
Mdf In bif bi|the«t ere<lential. 



THE t^IEdE OF CHATTANOOGA. 249 

the city we were now exhorted to defend, in order to se<' 
that the means of escape across the river were preparetl. 
This was not an escaping array. The roar of battle was in 
its ears, but tliat general was right, who declared in the 
council referred to, that though he had lost one-third 
of his division, those who remained were just as eager to 
fight as before. The arm}- did not even know the story of 
those two sulphurous days under the trees of Chickamauga. 
They thought their leader had sinipl}- been forced to fight 
at a disadvantage and that the army had escaped destruc- 
tion through his skill. It was a most fortunate belief. He 
made wonderfully inspiring speeches that day — considering 
the facts of the previous week. The work of entrenchment 
went on with increased earnestness. The Army of the 
Cumberland had done little fortifying heretofore, but now 
it wrought with the consciousness that safet}' lay at the 
spades point. It is wonderful how soon the city became 
impregnable. 

The enemy had taken possession of Ijookout Mountain 
and established on the I^oint a battery which commanded 
the river and railroad below with a plunging fire, but did 
not reach the city. One morning we were waked by the 
explosion of a shell in the camp of our division. The enemy 
had put some heavier guns in position on l^ookout Moun- 
tain, and by elevating them as high as possible, they were 
able to throw shot in a most uncertain manner, sometimes 
into our Hues, sometimes just outside of them, and again 
clean over town and river among the teams parked on the 
other side. For a few days they fired pretty steadily. One 
could see the puff of white smoke; watch the shell with its 
little jet of white vapor and small Itlack center, as it crept 
towards us seemingly ver}' slowly. If it was likely to fall 
too near, all ran for the bomb-proof, — -a useless precaution, 
since the height from which it fell, was such that the bomb- 
proofs would have been no protection. Indeed, those which 
fell among us buried themselves so deeply in the earth that 
no harm, to speak of, came from their explosions. There 



\ 



L'oo 



77/ A* sroliY OF A T/lolSAXn. 



Wfiv stiiiif iiurnnv o>(.a|jt'>. One of our sultalU'rns luul 
^••i-tirt'cl possi'ssiun of llu* lcleseoi>e uliieU iH-loiiged to tin- 
ftiiiale Beuiinarv located at that point, wliii'h was of 00111*80 
ik'sorttnl. IV'iliaps tin* fact that a sohoolniato hail oncf 
taujiht thfif. «::ivt' him a ft-t'linji <'f proprii'tarv interest in 
the instrument. At any rati', he uiounteil it by suspendini: 
it liy a ropi- from thi* limh of a tree, whioh on tiiis aoeount 
was •^pari'il from the axeman .s stroke, ami niuler it hail 

rii:*r«'<l an inelineil sup- 
port, whieh i-naldeil iiiin 
to stuily till' siiriials of 
the enemy nn L(X>kout 
.^lountain. ami the an- 
swi-ring signals on 
Missionary Kiilge. and 
.si't himself to the task 
of mastering the enemy's 
cotle and det-ipherint: 
Iheir eommunieations. a 
ta^k in whii-li he evi-nl- 
iially sueeei'drd. ( )iii" 
day a sludl eauK" in lli-^ 
dinetion; his comradi-^ 
caUi-d to iiim as thcv 
siMitlled into the eovi-n-d 
way; he neglroli-d thi-ir 
warning, thinking thi-n- wa-. ni' danger: the sln-ll strm k 
nrar him and i-xpiixli-d. When tlu- smoke elearnl aw:i\ 
h<" caiiir ru>hiii<_' into tin- Iminli-proof rovrrrd witli dirl. 




I.iKt T. Xi»i:\i\N I> Smith. 



NoKMA.N I)Kt ATt'it SMITH u a.« Ixiru ill Purkuiuii. lit-aui.'u (Niuiiiy. Ohio. 
.\iif;u-l It). IKfT. His fiitlu-r dliil six .vt-urx later, leaving u \viil<i\v with ten .| 
i-rill<ln-n iiikI at llu- aRc of twelve he iHtniii the struKK'*' "f life Air him>«':f. | 
.\t the iiue iif thirty- four he eiiliste<t iti I'ompjuiy K. Kftih. nn<> t» the rank <if | 
lin't llcuteimiit. uikI MTveil with the regiment until niuMere)! out iit the oIum- 
• if the \v!ir. He wiis jjri'iitly e*teiMiU'«l hy Ixiih unUvrsiiiul men. He wasmmiy 
timen e!eeti><l Jiistie«- of the I*eae«*, un<l wa?s f«ir two terni* Ttva-tunT of the 
« 'utility I if I .i-atiKa. 

Hediiil July '.>rt, iHttt. U-tiive<l an<i Kn-ntly mrretti-«l hy hl» lownoinen :iii<l 
riinimiiiii, leii\lni; iiineehll>ln-n 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 25] 

Tlie shell had knocked the pio[) from under Ihc pkink on 
which he had rested. 

The feeling of danger soon wore ot!', and every dis- 
charge was greeted with a derisive howl — each one merely 
glancing up to see if it was likely to fall in his vicinity. It 
is amazing how easy it became to guess the point at which 
the shell would strike, and how little attention was paid to 
this bombardment. There was a rumor that two men and 
eight mules were the net result of seventeen days' firing, 
but that was probably an exaggerated diminution. Still il 
is a fact, that though the Thousand lay in direct range 
between the battery and the bridge, which seemed to be the 
special mark for their shots, the writer never saw a man 
who was hurt by the bombardment and has no recollection 
of loss in the division through this useless cannonade. 

But if the bombardment was of little moment, an 
insidious foe which made much less noise, threatened us 
with something worse than mere defeat. On its arrival at 
Chattanooga the Army of the Cumberland had hardly ten 
days' rations. These, with very slight additions, were all 
that it had to subsist on for nearly forty days. A long and 
devious road, over sixty miles of mud and hill, exposed to 
frequent attacks of the enemy's cavalry, lay between Chat- 
tanooga and the line of supply, the railway from Nashville 
to Bridgeport. Over this only a meager and uncertain su})- 
l)ly of food could be obtained. From the first we were on 
what was termed "half-rations;" soon these grew less until 
one or two hard-tack a day were all that were obtainable and 
by and by, the time came, when the good-natured quarter- 
master could make no farther excuse and the conscientious 
commissary sergeant in making a last issue, broke the fifth 
cracker in twain, as he issued his own ration — a little less 
than five for eight days! The whole five were hardly enough 
for a ilay — especially to men who for two weeks or more 
had not once had enough. Men picked up the kernels of 
corn scattered upon the ground where the few horses still 
left in the city were fed. and ate them. Officers who drew 



•_'.VJ 77/ A >Ji<uy or A TJfOl'SAX/). 

iiii rations, fared eveu worse, since there was nothing to 
Itiiv. Tlie hides and tails of the few cattle Vtrought in to 
l>e slaughtered across the river were gladly pressed into 
sei\ ire for food. A COWS tail found a ready market at 
^]i\. One niess of olticers Intught a fresh hide; reiuovetl 
tlif hair by some process Ix'fore unknown and now forgot- 



■i 


^ 


\i 


1 


^ 9 

4 


^ 


d 


-•'►H 


f 


■-^ • 




-■ 



LiKi I. Ii; V r. M vN>«HKi.i>. 



iKA KuANKi.is Manskiki.u Was born Juno '-'7. IHi.:, In Puluud. tJcau^ra 
County. <». His iinosiors fur Mvoral jrcni-nitlonswcrv military nii-n. His jjn-ui- 
KniiiiKutht-r John. dKtln»fui>lu»l liimstlf as u mi-mUr of the Sixth l"onnnixii 
tul In ir;»5iinil 1777, uml In tin- Twmtyslxth U. S. K«-k'«liirs np t<> lf*U. He wun 
primiot«J to nipiain for Ills it>olni-»s iitnl iinartuullty in st<>rmin){ rvdoubl No. 
in ttt Yoiklown. Vu. His t;ran<lfuthcr Iru. was likowlM- not»-«l for exploits 
iiKuliist till- ln<lluns utiil w us cuptain of a i-oiniKinv iin«lcr Ucnt-ral Harrison on 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 253 

ten, and by cooking it a long time made what is still declared 
by its partakers to have been a "savory mess."' Duty and 
disease made heavy inroads upon men thus weakened. 
Starvation did not come, but his foot was at the opening of 
every tent. An officer of the Thousand was detailed with 
his company to go with the train that brought in the first 
loads of corn. As the lean mules dragged them up the 
slippery slope from the bridge, crowds of gaunt men eyed 
the yellow ears hungrily. At length there was a rush — the 
wagons w^ei'e overturned and every man caught what he 
could carry of the precious stuff and ran. Several wagon- 
Joads were thus "distributed" before one was allowed to 
pass. It was a terribly mutinous way of satisfying hunger, 
and the officer was put under arrest for not preventing it. 
There is no record of his punishment, and it is probable 
that his superiors regarded the offense, under the circum- 
stances, as creditable rather than discreditable to him. The 
grim soldier, who was in command of the train, shouted for 
the men to fire upon their hungry comrades, but no one of 
his command heard the order. 

By this time, the wooded knolls, which had made the 
city a thing of beauty, were bare. The oaks had been cut 
down for various uses, and the roots digged out for fire- 
wood. The enemy on Missionary Ridge, which had been 



the Western Reserve. His father, Isaac, was a merchant Young Manstield 
attendeil the common schools and graduated from Poland College, afterwards 
learning the machine and moulder's trades. He enlisted as a private in Com- 
pany H, lO.'ith, in August, 1862. He was successively promoted to sergeant, 
second lieutenant and first lieutenant, breveted captain, and assigned to duty 
as A. Q. M.. Fourteenth Army Corps at Chattanooga, Tenn. At the close of 
the war he became owner of the Darlington Cannel Coal Mines and operated 
them with other important plants. He was Justice of the Peace, Clerk and 
Treasurer of Darlington Township for eighteen years and has married 684 
couples; represented his county three times in the State Legislature, as a 
Republican; is Superintendent of Sunday School and elder of Presbyterian 
church ; Vice-president of Beaver College and director in National Bank. His 
<'ollection of orchids and wild flowers of Beaver county is very fine. He retains 
in maturerlife the taste which made his journal of the war-time a collection 
of ffowers of the region through which the army marched. In science, 
especially geology, he has made many new discoveries of plants and insects 
in coal formations, and he has a large collection of war relics. 



u«mm1(«1 In iiic -uiiiiiiii. luiil luaile glial cii'urings. Tlie 
plain iR'twi'C'ii IkuI Ik'i'U ulmust futiivly sIirmI of cuvi-r ami 
oljstucles. Along llie siik* of the rulgt* ran two and tliivr 
irivgularly parallel lines of dnll red. They were the eon- 
federate works. From Bragg s headipiarters. Hashed stead- 
ilv liacU and fnith to the signal station on Loolxont .^louIl- 
lain, «»rilers and n-porl^. 

One day almost a month after the siege began, they 
told the eonfeilerate coinman»ler that a new niiraele had 
l>een performed whieh showed how foolish he had Iteen in 
leaving the left hank of the Tennessee S(» weakly gnarded. 
I'or the first time in the history of war the railway had 
lu-en ealli-(l npon to iht its utmost. The most ellieient rail- 
road man of that time was Mr. Thomas A. Scott, who hail 
won the highest renown as such, rising t«i the fust vice- 
presideney «)f the Pennsylvania Railroad. He had been 
uKule Assistant Secretary of War in charge of transportation 
with almost autocratic power. When the Army of tin- 
Cumberland fell back to Chattanooga it was determined to 
transfer the lltii and 12th corps, under eommantl of (len. 
Hooker, from the .\iniy of the Potomac, to Tennessee. .^Ii. 
Scott found here the opportunity of his life. In eight day^ 
he had collected the transportation and over the worst of 
roads, in the fate of incredilile obstacles, had landed the 
two i()r[)s. in all lli.itod men with their artillery, transpor 
l:dion and iMpiipnu-nts in .Nliddle Tennessei-. The Idow at 
our own lim- of supply which IJragg hati neglected to strike 
in suliieient force at tiie outset, was now impossible. 

Still lu' did not strengthen his hold upon the left bank 
of tiic Tiiini'---'ii'. liul coiitinted himself with cavalry laicK 
in our ri-ar. Then ( Irani lanie and took command «>f tin- 
military division of the >Hssissippi. Thomas had alread\ 
liccu raisi'd to ilic rommaiid of tjii- .Vrm\ of the Cum 
berland. 

( )ur division commander. .1 .1 Ke\ noUls. had been ma<U- 
( hief of staff anti (ieneral AI)salom Haird had Iti-en assigned 
to the ii»minand of our division. The Hrown s Kerrv attack 



THE STE a E F ClfA T TA NO G A 255 

gave us a lodgment on the left bank of the river and before 
Bragg could reinforce his left, Hooker had crossed at 
Bridgeport and rations were again available for our 
hungry men. 

With the opening of the river came again our Lieuten- 
ant Colonel, but half-recovered from disease, yet eager to 
take part in the conflict which impended. The army was 
reorganized; the spirits of the soldiers quickly rose from the 
depression incident to their condition, and all were eager 
for that wonderful fray which closed this most spectacular 
of warlike movements. 

Two of the Thousand were to leave their names con- 
nected in a singular way with the city in which we were 
thus closely pent-up. Lieutenant Brooks, the ai'tistic topo- 
grapher of our division, was afterwards to lay out the beau- 
tiful cemetery, in which so many of his comrades lie, one 
of the first interred therein being the gallant Spaulding, 
"^aptain of Company E, who, after being carried by the 
men who loved him devotedly, from the ver}' front of the 
battle, was doomed to die in the hospital at Chattanooga. 

In all the transformations of this wonderful time, 
there is hardly a more romantic story than that of Horatio 
M. Smith. A country boy, educated at a country school, 
he was a clerk in a dry-goods' store at the outbreak of the 
war. The morning the Thousand was mustered into ser- 
vice he came into camp with a dozen recruits he had en- 
listed the night before, and driven forty miles that they 
I might be on hand in time. Because of the energy displayed, 
(his business habits, and attractive qualities he was made 
Quartermaster Sergeant. Before we reached Chattanooga, 
he had been appointed Lieutenant and Brigade Quarter- 
, master. During the battle of Chickamauga, he especially 
attracted the attention of General Reynolds, on whose staff 
he served as a volunteer aide, instead of going with the 
, trains. Soon after reaching Chattanooga he was given charge 
'' of some buildings, in which stores were collected. When 
the enemy began to shell us from the point of Lookout Moun- 



:m jjjh' sjimr of a tjiol'samj. 

t:un. iVaiful that his stuivs^ luiirhl he iirnilod. lie «ratliered up 
a lot of empty barrels, ami plaeed iheiu (Ui llie luof and alouiz 
the sides, witii a lamp-kettle hun«r <>ii eaili. It was a thor- 
iiiigh jol) tiilily done, which very soon attracted the atten- 
tion <il' (leneral 'J'honias. Iiuiuiring who hail ehar^ri' of the 
Ituilding the young lieutenant was ordered to report to his 
headijuarters . In a few days he was mustered out of ser- 
vice with the Thousantl. havini: been appointeil Captain and 
Assistant (^>iiarlei ina>ter in tlic I'nited States Army hy 
special request of (leneral Thomas, an<l assigned to duty, 
lirst as l*ost-(^uart('riiiaster of Chattanooga, and after- 
waitls U'^ I >(|ii>i (^uarlerniasler at that point. As such, all 
the vast (piantily of material recjuircd for the army of h^her- 
man, during his advance on Atlanta, passetl through his 
hand-. lie l)iiilt the permanent bridge across the river; ran 
the railroatls centi-ring there; the steamlioats on the river, 
and at one time had an army of laborers anil clerks under 
his control greater in numbers, than the division of which 
the Thousan<l was a part. The value of the stores that 
passe(l through his hands it would be hard to estimate, and 
the ability and faitlifulnos with which he executi-d the 
trust imposed upon him were certitied by every c<»mmander 
who hail knowledge of them, to be worthy of all prai-^e. 
Thus while we waited for the great tran>formation sii-ne 
which was to end this episode of the great war, fate was 
liusy with the destinies of those who were her favorites or 
had I he power to compel her favor bv iloinii the right thing 
at ju>t the right time. 

There was no c|uestion of the ainiy s ability to hold 
Ciiallanooga again>t the enemy and llie M'arcity of supplies 
lainc upon them so gradually that it was hardly realized 
until it was i)railically at an end. Instead of being demor- 
alized, the army was in a pccMliail\ n-oluli- ami coulideut 
mood. This was strengthened by the character of the posi 
tion. which, it was evident to the most inexperienced eye. 
lould oidy be takiii b\ riL'ular approaches over a wiile, open 
and peculiaily exposid plain. Only along the valley ot 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 257 

Cluittanooga Creek upon the right, and from Orchanl Knob 
on the left flank was such approach at all feasible. The 
former seemed the most probable line of approach, and if 
one had been there prosecuted with vigor, in connection with 
the undisputed possession of the left bank of that stream 
and the wooded slope of Lookout Mountain beyond, it 
might possibly have compelled the abandonment of the city 
before the arrival of reinforcements and supplies. 

It is evidence of lack of confidence on the i)art of the 
enemy that he lay for two months before the city, without 
either making an assault or opening any line of offensive 
works, occupying his men in fortifying the slopes and crest 
of Missionary Ridge and the slope of Lookout Mountain 
against assault. The reason which General Bragg gave for 
this course, that he was without siege artillery and that his 
transportation was taxed to the utmost to provide supplies 
in a region utterly exhausted, is no doubt sufficient in part 
at least, but much more importance should be attached to his 
stubborn belief that his enemy would be compelled to evacu- 
ate the city for lack of supplies. The result of this failure 
to attack, was that in the course of a few days every vestige 
of apprehension had disappeared among the soldiers of our 
army, who began to speculate not on how the enemy was to 
be resisted, but how he was to be overcome. None doubted 
that he would be attacked, but how the defensive works 
that stretched almost an unbroken line along the crest and 
side of Missionary Ridge were to be broken, it was not easy 
to determine. The peculiarity of the situation and one 
which should have negatived all idea of demoralization on 
the part of the Array of the Cumberland, was that the be- 
sieged were thinking all the time of attack, and the besiegers 
planning only for defence. 

This is attested by the contents of half a dozen jour- 
nals kept from day to day during the siege. Some passages 
from the diary of Captain A. G. Wilcox, of Company F, a 
graduate of Oberlin, and since the close of the war a sue- 



iiS THE STOlii' OF A TJ/Ui'SAXD. 

(•essfiil puljlisht-r aiul business man of Minneapolis, very 
clearly exemplify what has Ijeen saiil, besides giving an 
idea of the bitiuilion hardly attainal)le, except from con 
temiMjrary narrative. It l>egins tw.i il,(v< aff.-r tli.. l.nttlcdt 
Chickamauga. 

Chattanooga, Tcnn.. Sept. 1'2. 1^03. 

Jjasl night at midnight we fell back to this place. It 
is strong by nature, and a line of earthworks nearly com- 
pleted extends around it. The Confederates threw tuemup 
to resist our expected attack. an<l left them for us to use in 
resisting theirs. It is being rapidly strengthened and com- 
pleted. Captain Edwards, who has l>een in command of 
the regiment since Major Perkins was wounded ^on the I'Jth). 
has shown himself a very capable ollicer. He has got tin- 
regiment into shape in a good p(jsiti<»n. and is, I think, anx- 
icjus for another light. I don t blame him. lie took com- 
mand at a hard time, and feels that he will not get full 
credit for what he diil. He will prolialtly get another 
chance soon. A demonstration is being made by the enemy 
on «Mir left, l)Ut with a clear field for a thousand yards in 
front, a mountain on our right, and a formidal>le ridge on 
our left, we are ready for Braizg and his army. W/ii/ <««/</ 
not ClticloiDinitjii /nice been fought hfrc* If Bnigg attacks 
hi in'/l not gi t aicag with tmnigh uun for aitollur camjtnign. 

This modest and conscientious ollicer. with the roar of 
useless battle still in his ears and with pity for his dead 
comrades yet fresh in his heart, enters in his journal on the 
very first day after his arrival in the Iteleaguered city, the 
(piestion which the fuluie will always ask when it maki-s 
mention of that strange contlict in llie wooils of Chit-ka 
mauga. The same night he adds; 

\) p. m. — Skirmishing all along the line, but no serion>< 
lighting. Al one time during the <lay, a rumor llew o\ tr 
the camp thai the army would cross the river in retreat, and 
I never saw so gloomy a regiment. Hut now. with a gooil 
pr«)specl for a light tomorrow, the men are positively ga\ 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 259 

To fight is not so bad, but to give up all that we have 
fought to win is terrible. 

Sept. 23d, 1863. 
No fighting today, but large trains have been seen 
moving round our left. Rifle pits have been strengthened. 
We worked Colonel Long's house into the pits and the fort 
on which our right rests. Expect an attack tomorrow 
miH-ning. Ran up a flag over the fort today, and Harris" 
battery fired a few shells at the rebel picket line, w^hich was 
in plain sight. One of the shells struck a chimney which 
remained standing after the house was burned to prevent 
its giving shelter to the enemy, behind which a rebel picket 
was located which was annoying our men. The way they 
scattered when the chimney came tumbling down was funn}' 
enough to us and started a cheer along the whole line. 

Sept. 24. 
At work on fort; slight skirmish this morning. To- 
day, General Rosecrans rode along the line, and stopped 
here and there to talk with officers and men The way the 
men rushed out to greet him showed that he had lost none 
of his popularity among the rank and file on account of the 
disaster at Chickamauga. The air was full of hats and 
cheers. His personal magnetism might make him a suc- 
cessful leader in a charge, but he could never have checked 
a retreat and mada the last stand at Chickamauga as Thomas 
(lid. The bovs never throw up their hats for Thomas — I 
believe, in spite of his modest ways, he would rather like it 
if they did — but in a fight they are always glad to see "Old 
Pap"' looking after things, and will stay with him to the 
end. Thomas is always cool and his men can't be stam- 
peded. To a casual observer, "Rosy" would seem to be 
the idol of the army, but if officers and men were to choose 
a commander by vote, I believe Thomas would be elected. 
The only fear now is that Bragg may cross the river, threaten 
our rear, and compel us to follow him. 



'2iA> Tin: STuUY "/' .1 I ii<il'-A.\D. 

Sept. 25. 

Kuiuors lliut lloseciuus came hack lo Chatt.uuHj^a willi 
the defeated wiiij; of the army, while GarfieUl joined Thomas 
where tlie unltniki'ii ixjrlion of the line heUl the Ik'Kl iiiilil 
niizhl. Koseerans, of c-oiux-. thoii'jhl Uu- l»attk' was l<t>l. 

Sept. 2(!. 

On pirket. Hehels in sight and ran>re. luit uo shtxil- 
ing. Heavy skirmishing to iKith right and left of us. 

Sept. 27. 

Went across river to find company wagon and get mess 
chest. Keltels have plantetl heavy gnns and are preparing to 
starve us out. Kunior says that liragg demanded a sur- 
render and threatened to shell the town. The wounded an- 
coming in under a tlag of truce. 

Oct. 1. 

Heavy rains. It is rei)orted that Lee is visiting Jiragg. 
and that the advance of Grant's reinforcements have ar- 
rived. (This prolialily refers to the arrival of Hookers 
advance in Tennessee. ) Rebels have been moving all day 
from tlu-ir right to left. 

Oct. ::. 

Humors of consolidation of 20 and 21 corps umler 
Gordon Granger ami military conunis^ion to investigate 
.NIcCook and Crittenden for alleged miscomluct at t'hicka- 
mauga. Kehels opened on us with 32 pounder from the 
slope of Lookout. Three shots struik near our regimental 
line, liut hurt uoImmIv. 

Oct. C. 

Slu-lled us nearly all night, (juiel on account of fog 
this morning. No firing today. Heavy cannonading intle 
distance. That is accounted for by the absurtl ruim»r that 
Ijongstreefs corps has refused to obey Hragg's orders anil 
that Bragg had turned out tin- nst «>f the army to reibire 
him to olK'dienci'. (This report was not oidy current, but 
very generallv iH-lieved. It was said to have lu-en brought 
liy the ul»i(juilou8 "tU'serter." — En.) 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 261 

Oct. 7. 
Chilly rain. Rebel and Union papers predict that 
Bragg will make a desperate effort to regain this place. Ra- 
tions are scarce. There is no corn within thirty miles and 
each train needs a division as guard. Roads are almost 
impassable. Report that Hooker has won a small fight in 
Trenton Valley. Rebels in front are silent. 

Oct. 8. 
On picket. Sentinels so near the enemy's picket that 
they can talk across the line. No firing. They pace their 
beats eyeing each other like deadly enemies as a part of the 
great machine of war, named the arm}', but personally dis- 
posed to be the best of friends. For a time, papers and 
tobacco were freel}' exchanged, but that is now forbidden. 

Oct. 9. 
Orders came last night to be ready for a night assault. 
Rebel papers say Braggs victory at Chickamauga is of no 
avail unless he routs us out of Chattanooga. 

Oct. 13. 

Election today; 284 votes polled in regiment, all but 
one for Brough. (Brough was the Union candidate for 
governor of Ohio.) The loyal majority I'll Ohio is expected 
to reach 75,000. 

Oct. 14. 
Post at McMinnville captured with 585 men. Rose- 
crans has ordered the officers trieJ, and says "No surrender" 
must be the order for bridge guaids and garrisons. (This 
capture was one result of a Confederate cavalry raid on our 
communications. Our cavalry under General Crook was so 
close upon them that they had time to do but little damage.) 

Oct. 18. 
Official reports from elections give Brough 70,000 ma- 
jority on home vote. Curtin 50,000 in Pennsylvania and 
Iowa loyal by 15,000. Last night the rebels waked the 
echoes in the hills with their shouts over some news that 



•202 THE STORY <>F A TI/oL>A\Jj. 

siuIcmI tlu'iii. Today we answer with cheers over llie elec- 
tions. With the hacking of a loyal people, the aiinv will 
take care of the rel>ellion. 

Oct. L'l. 
Today Ro^iecrans" farewijl to his army was read at 
dress parade. Rumor that he goes to the Army of the Po- 
tomac; and another thai he is removed for incompetency. 
The last is not credited, and the former is not prohahh-. 
Grand old (Jeneral Thomas takes command of our Army of 
the CumlK'rland. General (i rant becomes the head of the 
new Division of the Mississi|i|)i. emhnicing the army of the 
CiimlH-rland, Hiirnsidcs Army of liieUhio. .Sherman's Army 
of tlif Mississijjpi and Hookers 11th and 12th corps. Ka- 
tions short — less than one-third. 

Oct. 22. 
Ticket lotlay; our Inigadi- covering tlu' entire division 
line. Line runs along the hank of Chattanooga Creek. 
Could throw a stone U) where the rehel outp«)sts stan<l. 
Our general «»fficers approach the line, and rehel generals 
and stalfs are frecjuenlly in sight. Killing men on picket is 
murder, not war. Our heavy guns have tire*! constantly 
toilay, anil the shells l)ursting on the slopes of Lookout 
wake echoes wliitli >ouiid like musketry. 

Oct. 2;;. 

A wagon train of supplies came in today. Koads a!- 
nio-l impassable. Mules are half starved and weak, so 
wagons come light. Mules and horses are shot by hun- 
dreils to save from starvation. \\\- must s.xm have L«M>k 
out. the valley and the river or starve 

(»i-t, 2 J 

Humor says Grant is here and the cars are running t.« 
Kalliiig Water, si-venteen miles up the river. The cliau::.- 
of eoiuiuanders is an i' C|K*rinu*nt. Twelve pountls of era( k 
e:s, eight of meat and a little t-olfee for live of us for live 
days. 



I 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 2G:5 

Oft. 27. 
Brisk cannonading and musketry, this morning, atday- 
l)reak, General Turchin's brigade went down tlie river last 
night with some pontoon boats, surprised a brigade of the 
enemy, and drove them back after a sharp fight, clearing 
the river for our boats. Men are starving here; saw a man 
today picking kernels of corn out of the dirt, and eating them. 
He was the picture of misery. Men go to bed tonight 
without supper and get nothing more until day after tomor- 
row. Mule-meat is considered a luxury. 

Oct. 29. 
Last night there was heavy musketry and artillery in 
the valley west of Lookout. There were two distinct at- 
tacks and each lasted nearly two hours, with a lull between 
them. For a time the roar of musketry was appalling, as 
it came to us in the still night air. Humor has it that 
Hooker had gained an advanced position and entrenched, 
and that Longstreet tried in vain to dislodge him by his des- 
perate attacks. Batteries on top of Lookout have been fir- 
ing into that valley today. There must have been an ad- 
vance of our lines 

Oct. :]l. 
Camp fires indicate an increased rebel force on the east 
side of Lookout. Boat up last night with 35,000 rations 
and will make a like trip every twenty-four hours. Reliels 
sent a raft down and broke our pontoon bridge so that we 
get nothing today. 

Nov. 4. 
The pickets still fraternize. Yesterday the owner of 
one of a lot of horses which were pasturing lietweea the 
lines went f)Ut to catch him, and he ran over to the reljel 
line. Tlie Yankee owner asked permission to go after him, 
and got the permission and the horse too, the rebel picket 
helping him to catch tlie horse and mount. As he rode 
back to our lines, three rebel horses which had been feed- 
ino; on the same around ran into our lines and were causrht 



204 77//; >T()ny of a iJi()L'>Ayi). 

ami ilrivea buck to tUeir owueis. Such amenities wouUl 
seem incredible to one not u soldier. Colonel George, coiu- 
ni:inding brigade, says RoseCrans shouhl never hmc Jaiii/fit 
Bntijg lit Cliickumnugn, hut should have concentrated his 
f'lrcf s at Clnitlanooi]it as soon as it was abandoned hi/ Bragg 
and ina<l> a s'curr hasi uf sit/ijdit s. 

Nov. IJ. 
No rali<jns accunuilale al tla- landing. Wagon train.s 
taki' snpplios to the starving city, as fast as boats bring 
them. Kefngees go north, starved out, when they can. 
Deserters come in frcfjueiitly. particularly into Hooker's 
lines, it is saitl. There is a good deal of sparring between 
our men and Hooker s. who are just from the P»jtomae. 
Our Ixtys ask them if they are out of butter, and where 
tiieir paper collars are, and i-all out ••All (juiel on the Polo- 
mac. ' Hookers l)oys think we have never hail a batlK' in 
the west, only a few light skirmishes. 

N<.v. 18. 

Cannonading and musketry in Lookout Valley yester- 
day. Uuinor that an attcninl was made to take Fjookont 
but faile<l. 

Nov. L'L'. 

On night of the 2Ulh we got orders to mareh at 4 a. m.. 
Willi two days" rations and IdO rounds of ammunition. A 
few lu)urs later, order was countermanded. Rumored that 
Hurnside has been ••cleaned out," ami another report that 
he is all right. Shermans corps is here and has landeil al 
fool of Mission Ridge, next the river. Howard has joined 
him. Orders have come to move at four tom»»rntw morn 
ing. Kumor that Mission Ridge is to be taken. Il looks 
like a (lil)raltar. not to lie taken by a>sault. The Colonel 
(Tolles) made a ni-at s|)eeeh to the regiment on parade ami 
intimated that we would meet the enejny again >oon. 

The Thousan<l ^lept peacefully that night in tlu- i-amp 
which had lie«'n their home for two months. Kvery oiif 
knew that tomorrow would lie the lieginniuii <>f the end of 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 



265 



a siege memorable in history for its bloodless character. 
That night about the camp-fires its incidents were rehearsed 
Avith the appreciative humor which comes only from high 
spirits. Aside from short rations there was even little of 
discomfort experienced ])V the liesieged. 

There were some quaint experiences, and more than one 
journal bears evidences of the scholarly leisure which the 
members of the Thousand enjoyed during those bright 

autumnal days. How 
did they get so many 
books t o read ? A 
school of some note had 
been located at this 
point, and a brother of 
Sergeant Warner had 
been a professor in it 
little more than a year 
before. It is possible 
that this ma}' account 
for so many volumes 
of standard literature 
coming into the tents 
of the Thousand . They 
were men who could 
appreciate good litera- 
ture, and there was 

Sergt. J. R. Waunek. ^i"l^ 1^^^"^ 5n borrow- 

(isoo) ing what had otherwise 

surely V)een destroyed. Did they ever return them? Tlisre 
Avas none to claim them when we marched away. 

One of the most curious incidents connected with the 
siege was the absolute disappearance of an immense stock 
of tobacco, which was stored in warehouses along the river. 
It is said that certain northern men who happened to be 
d .veiling within the limits of the Confederacy, confident of its 
sudden downfall, had disposed of their possessions for Con- 




2m TJIK STnUY <>F .1 TllnVSASD. 

f»-deralt* luoiu'V. :iinl iiivi'stiiij^ llir proc-L-t-ds in •• Lone 
Jack" and •Kinnikinnk-k." Inul shipped it to C'liattanooga, 
as tlie point most liable to early capture l>y the I'nion 
forces, hoping thereby to lujike the exdiange from Confed- 
erate currency into "greenliacks." not only expeditiously but 
profitably. There were saitl t(j be some hundreds of thou- 
santlsof pounds of the fragrant weed, packed in little bales 
antl snugly stowed in these warehouses. Immediately on 
the occupation <»f the town by <)ur forces, the owners who 
had remained to be captured with their wares, made applic- 
tion for protection for their property, an<l an t>rder was i-;- 
iued that a guard should lie stationed in front of the prem- 
ises. By some accident a line was drawn under the word 
'• front," which the officer mistook for a mark of emphasis, 
and was so careftd to obey that he (juile forgot to station 
guarils on the other sides of the buildings, which being thus 
exiK)sed. were entered and the tobaceo removed. So 
aliundant was the supply, that no smoker lacked a pipeful, 
cvi'ii wluMi it was impossible to get Itreail or meat for love 
or money, and many a survivor of that day believes that 
his ability to keep up the fatigui- of •• picket every three 
days" upon such meager fare, was due to the .soothing in- 
fluences of this abundant sui)ply of Xicatlnitu . Such theory 
w(»uld, of course, be scouted by those who seriously believe 
that toltacco is •• is an Indian weed which from the devil 
doili proceed." but their objection will not change the vet- 
erans lielief. 

Years afli-rwartls. lite wiiter Iims \\vv\\ informed, liie 
owners sought to recover fmni the government, pay for tin- 
tol»aceo thus convt'rted into •Sohliers' Comfort. ' without 
the intt-rvention of the sutler. Whether they siu-ceetled in 
their suit is not known, but if the sum demamled was not 
too great, the governnu-nt could well atford to pay for 
the same as a means of |ire^ei\ inif eontentnient among the 
lu'lcaguered soldierx 

The health «>f the army was remarkaltly good during 
the entire siege and tliere w.c >.onielliini; in thesituation. the 



THE SIEGE OF CIIATTANOOOA. 267 

circling hills to the eastward, the great mountain hanging 
over us to the south; the swift, dark river which circled 
round the now barren promontory covered with red lines of 
earthwork, and formidable bastions, dotted with white tents 
and populous with soldiery, that seemed to promote confi- 
dence and beget impatience. From the dark-visaged 
Jieutenant-colonel, who returning from his sick leave, felt 
himself aggrieved that he had missed a fight, down to the 
youngest drummer bo}', every one was full of anticipation 
of the victory we were to win when we should move against 
•' the Johnnies. ' 

The sentiment was greatly strengthened by the com- 
mingling of the men from the three great armies of the 
Union. Sherman's bronzed veterans fresh from victory on 
the Mississippi, with " Yicksburg " ever on their lips, and 
the natty soldiers of Hooker, with their handsome com- 
mander, and the long record of triumph and defeat of the 
Army of the Potomac, had come in hot haste to bring re- 
lief to the Army of the Cumberland. All of these, together 
with Burnsides Army in East Tennessee had been united 
under the command of the victor of Donelson, Shiloh, Yicks- 
burg and a score of intermediate battlefields — these armies 
amounting to twelve corps, numbering, present and absent, 
over four hundred thousand men, and embracing four de- 
partments — constituted the largest military command ever 
held by an American up to that time— a command especially 
organized for the new military genius who was to pause for a 
brief moment at Chattanooga on his way eastward to 
supreme command on the Potomac to win new laui'els. 

Each army felt its honor peculiarly at stake in the con- 
flict which impended. The Army of the Tennessee, held the 
left, strengthened by a part of Howard's corps. This was 
expected to be the critical point, and it was natural that 
Grant should assign the post of honor to his old soldiers, 
and his tried lieutenant, Sherman. Hooker was on the 
right charged either to make his wav over the nose of Look 



208 THE >TnJiy i>F A TI/'ir>A\J>. 

out, >n J. i-^^iiig arouiul it, to throw hi-, loni- :ki<>-.> ihi* river 
iiiul push forward ajr^inst the enemy's riglit center at Ross- 
vilh'. 

Kor a fortnight, tlie l»an«ls of the opposing hosts had 
sounded defiance to eaeh other from echoing crest to crest. 
The watchfires burned thickly along the now denuded sides 
of Missionary Ridge, and on the eastern slope of Lookout. 
The battle of Wauhatchie gave the lirst decided advantage 
to the Army of the Potomac: but a brigade of our division. 
Tun-hins. had won great glory in the Hrown's Ferry atrair, 
which though almost blo<Klle.ss. was a matter of great daring, 
executed with coolness and skill : while the Army of the 
Tennessee had made one of the most rcmarkaljle marches in 
history, from the banks of the Mississippi to the crag-en- 
circled arena on the Tennesse, fearful that the liattle wouhl 
be fought before they should arrive. Thus honors were 
ea*y with the sohliers of the three united armies, while the 
cavalry inspirited liy their successful pursuit of the force 
sent to operate on our communications, was again massed 
and thrown to our left to divert the enemy from Hurnside, 
whose exposed situation at Knoxville was a source of con- 
stant anxiety to the government and the general commajul- 
ing. Everything was prepared, ami the general on the suc- 
cess of whose arrangements all depended, walked quietly 
through the midst of his new sohliers and would have passed 
the cara[) of tiie Thousand unrecognized, had nnt Sergeant 
Parker, the most painstaking of diarists, who wastolK'come 
the Nestor from whose decision in reganl to the movements 
of the Thousand there is no appeal, happened to Ik* on duty 
lliatday. A litlle while before, when (iraiil first eaiiie t«> 
('hattan«H)ga. the Sergeant was a sitter in the l«'nt <if an 
army photograplu'r. when (irant came to be photographed 
to gratify the curiosity <»f an old frinid wlio desired t(» see 
li(»w hi' looked in tin- luw coinmaiMl to whieh he hatl been 
active in urging his advancement. Tin- phot<»grapher 
would have hustled the lK»vish sergeant out of the chair and 



THE SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA. 2G9 

liis tent, too, for that matter, but the great General would 
not permit it. So the blushing youngster was photographed 
while the commander of the Military Division of the Missis- 
sippi, the autocrat of half a dozen states, who held in his 
liand the destiny of the Union, waited his turn. 

While the army waited confident and exulting, Grant 
wandered among the camps of his new army seeking to 
gather the spirit of the sjldiers who were to act under his 
leadership on the morrow, to whom his features wei-e yet 
only half known. 




Capt. Wali.a* k. 

(Isc:;. 1 



XXI 

nATTi.E ity i.ooKuir motniaix. 

WHAT :i glorious battle ampbitbeater! 
Never liefure were two armies inustereil 
foreontliit witbsuclispectaeularenviron- 
iiieiit! Never were the pride ami pomp 
<if war displayed in sueb magniliceut 
settiuiil From the rebel signal station 
on the crest of Lookout Mountain, every 
movement of our army, from the A'alley 
of the Wauhatcbieou the right to a point 
opposite the mouth of Chickamauga 
Creek on the left, was clearly visible, ex- 
cept where a spur of Waldens Kidge 
hid ^oinc of Sherman's forces ln>m view. It must have 
been a thrilling scene to the Confederate watcher, whose 
swift-moving Hags told his commander, at his headquarters 
on Missionary Ridge, each significant feature of the mighty 
panorama unfolding at bis feet. In W'auhatchie A'alley 
everything was astir. At the fotil of Lookout men were 
busy repairing the pontoon bridge, which had bn>ken the 
day before. The battery on Moccasin Point was thunder- 
ing angrily against the craggy face of Lookout. There was 
some movement of troops in Lookout Valley, but what it 
portended he could not discover. Beyond the river, to the 
westward, the gleam of bayom-ts antl glint of tlags toUl of a 
force moving northward. How many there were or what was 
their obji'cl he could not determine. From the city of tents 
Ihatcrownetl the hills of Chattanooga, a host — that may well 
have seemed numberless to him — poured forth over tlie ntl 

270 



BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNT ALN. 271 

re.ioubts, past the line of works, long since made impreg- 
nal)le to assault, and marched column after column, blue- 
clad and steel-crowned, into the bare, almost treeless plain 




Capt. William Wallace. 

1894. 
William Wallace was born near Belfast, Antrim Co., Ireland, January 
1.3, I84I, and came to this country at an early age. Prom the age of 14 to en- 
listment, Aug. 21, 1863, was a clerk in a country store. Was enlisted as 4th 
sergeant of Co. I, and served as such until January 17, 1863, received commis- 
sion as 2d lieutenant, and on May 2d, 1863, was promoted to captain of Com- 
piny I, and remamed with the regiment as such until the close of the war. 
Took part in all the marches and battles of the regiment; was never wounded 
or sick which enabled him to be present for duty at all times. On returning 
home, found that his old position as clerk, was open to him. which position he 
retained for 21 years; then engaged in mercantile business for himself for 16 
years. Was auditor of Trumbull County from 1883 to 1890, when was elected 
to legislature to represent the Trumbull and Mahoning district; was on the 
State Board of Equalization for one year. At the organization of the Warren 
Savings Bank Company, was elected treasurer, which position he still holds. 



that lay belweeii uur liiU's and lla- (,'om<-uti:iU- work«i al llif 
f<M»t of Missionary Ridge. Flags daiiei'd in Ihe Itright sun- 
shine, liands played. Tin- air was full of shouts. The 
artillery along our whole line opened on the enemy. 
Th«nuas, with the Army of the Cumberland, was in the eeu- 
ter. Itelwii-n ("hattanooga ami the Ridge. HtK)ker. with 
his troops from the Army of the I'otomae, lay beyond Look- 
out Mountain on the right. J^herman, with two corps of 
tlu' Army of llie Ttnncssee and Jetf. C. Davis' division of 
tlu' Fourteenth Corps, lay on the west bank of the river, 
opposite the north eml of Missionary Ridge, ready to leap 
across and attack the most undefended point in the enemy's 
line. As they marcluMl out upon the plain, the columns of 
the Army of the C'umlx'rland deployed, until an almost c«»n- 
tinuous line stretched from Chattanooga Creek to a point 
opposite the right of the eneiuy on Missionary Ridge. No 
wonder that the hearts of the C(»nfe»lerates throbbed with 
apprehension as they looked at this array. A soldier learns 
iastiurtively the science of war. and. despite its apparent 
strength, there was something in the jMJsition of the Con- 
fetlerate army which showed its soldiers that when its flank 
were turned, as it was but t«)0 easy ft)r an enterprising 
enemy to do, its center must ini'vitably break. The st-mi- 
luue stretching fmrn the river above, along Missitmary 
Ri<lge to L<K)kout Mountain, was strong in inaccessibility of 
its parts, but weak in power to protect its rear «»r strengthen 
•juickly exposed Hanks. The soldiers did not formulate* 
thc>e (h'fects. but fell thiin. 

Many changes had l>een made in the environment of 
liie Tliousaml since we entered Chattanooga. (Jeneral 
Thomas had been piomoted from the command of the Four- 
teenth Corps to till' l)epartinent of the CumlMMland. whiih 
now embraced the Fourth, Fourteenth, Kleveiith antl 
Twelfth Corps. Tin- t\No lattor were nominally under Cien- 
eral Hooker, who w.is thus really a second in command in 
tin- Arujy «»f the CumlK'rlajid. As it chanced, lu>wever. In- 



THE BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 



273 



was at this time without the Eleventli Corps and had two 
divisions of Sherman's and two brigades of the Fouiteenth 
Corps instead under his command. 

General John M. Palmer was in command of the Four- 
teenth Corps. Our old division commander, J. J. Reynolds, 
had been made Chief of Staff of the department, and in his 




Capt. D B. Stambaugh. 

Daniel B. Stambaugh was bora at Brier Hill. Malioning Co., O., April 6 
183S. Received a common school education. Working on farm when enlisted 
April. 18(31. in Co. B, 19th O. I. V.. in three month.s' service. Enlisted as private 
with lOoth, in July. 1862. Was mustered as 2d lieutenant, and promoted 
respectively to 1st lieutenant and captain. Remained w.th regiment until the 
close of the war. Returned to Youngstown. O.. and became identified with 
the coal and iron interests of this valley, and is still engaged in it. also the 
hardware business and is president of the Stambaugh. Thompson Co. 



274 THE STOUT OF A TIIOUSAXD. 

place \v:is tJeneral Absalom Baiid. a younger man. of fas- 
cinating personality and a splendid record. Our division 
was now the third of the Fourteenth Corps. To our brigade 
thrte regiments had been added, one of which furnished its 
commander. Colonel James George. So that when we 
marched out over the breastworks at the left of Fort Neg. 
ley the second brigade of the Third Division consisted of 
the 7r)th. 87th and iOlst Indiana, the 9th. 35th and l(l5th 
Ohio and the 2d Minnesota. On our left was Hazen's bri- 
gade of Wood's Division of the Fourth Corps. Befoi-e us. 
half-way to Missionary Ridge almost, was the chain of hill-- 
of which Orchard Knob is the most important. This was 
the enemy's advance position. Our guns lired over us at 
the enemy; the enemy's shot swept by us. doing little dam- 
age. Our old commander, Keynolds, rode past, while wi* 
lay in line, and singling out the regiment, he rode along iu 
front, reminding us of the charge we had made by his order 
at Chickamauga. We cheered him when he said we would 
soon have another chance at the enemy. It did not need a 
prophet or a Chief of StatT to tell us that. However, evtiy- 
body was cheering at every opportunity all up and duuii 
the line. The enemy fired on us with some heavy guns <:i 
the Ridge, but their shots fell short. We saw them stan i 
ing on their works and watchinj; our maneuvers. It uii;-' 
have been an imposing sight to theuj. There were mustt i- 
ed on the plain that day, in full view t»f the enemy, niiili 
fifty thousaiul men, with more tlian one hundred guns, in- 
cluding the heavy guns in the forts along our line. Tin- 
movenu'uts of these forces inu>t liavo greatly magnitii'd 
their apparent numbers. 

We waited and speculated — Colonel Tolles standing l»e- 1 
side his black horse, impatient forllie fray to bi-gin. Now J 
and thru a shot from the crest of l^ookout was answeivd by 
«)ur guns on Moccasin Point. Neither did any harm, but 
the echofs. rolling back and forth, adiled to the romantic 
character of tlu' battle-sei-nc About imon the fire grt-w 
botler on our U'ft. Half an hour lat«r \\'oo<l s Division 



THE BATTLE OF LO OKO UT MO UXTA IX. 2 r.l 

moved to the assault of Orchard Kuob. "We followed, sup- 
porting their right. It was uigh half a mile away; but 
when we reached the hills and looked back, the whole world 
seemed alive. Waves of blue were swelling over hillock and 
plain; the great guns of the forts were belching harm- 
less shots over our heads. The enemy were fleeing to 
their next line of works, a mile away, at the foot of the 
Kidge. We had captured four hundred men, and had left 
one hundred dead and wounded on the way. 

From end to end of our line; from those who remained 
in the works; from the Army of the Cumbeiland and the 
Army of the Potomac; from all who saw and all Avho heard, 
rose clamorous cheers over this first success in a movement 
which was to be so full of wonderful spectacles. The enemy 
looked down upon us from the crest of the Eidge and yelled 
back defiance. "We thought there was a note of doubt in 
the yell, as, no doubt, there was. 

The day closed l)leak and dreary. "We could now 
clearly see the enemy's works. Those at the foot of the 
Ridge did not seem very strong, but along its crest was a 
heavy line with batteries on projecting points, which seemed 
to enfilade every foot of space lietween. 



It rained all night. In the morning the rebel pickets 
were in plain sight. There was no advance, but the cannon- 
ading from Fort "Wood and all the forts along our line was 
terrific. The batteries on our line of buttle also opened fire 
upon the Confederate works at the foot of the Ridge. The 
crest seemed alive with cannon, whose shots plunged down 
upon us in the plain below, for the most part, harmlessly. 

Then came the echoes through the fog of shots up the 
river and we knew that Sherman had crossed and begun to 
hammer away at the end of the Ridge. Troops were hur- 
ried along it to meet him, and Howard was pushed out to 
the left of Granger to make connection with him when he 
should drive the enemy back. But the enemy did not drive. 



2T<; THE STonV nF A TJIOi'SAX/i. 

They held llieir |)osition across the ridge :ind Sliermaii kept 
on liammering. Then l»eliiiid us. — <jver Ijeyond tlie crest of 
Lookout we lifiird the itIio of luusketrv. What did it 
mean? The sohlit-r so<jn Ix'eomi'S a strategist. As wt- hiy 
and listeuf*! there was no la«-k of the<trixing. It wa> the 
general belief that Bragg iiad eont-enlrat«'<l <»n Hooker, who 
we knew had itci-n wcakiMied hy taking away Howard s ('011)-^, 
whieii was on thi' left of (J ranger. We did not know that 
Oslt'riiaus" I division and two i»rigad«'s of our «»wn eorps, in 
part made up for their absenee. Wouhl tht* t-nemy bueei'e«l 
in driving Hooker out of the valh-y? After a little it ln'- 
eame appm-nt that the lire was coming nearer. A while 
mist, tin- remnant of the nights storm, still hung altout tl;i' 
nose of Lookout. Now an<l then, the wind swept it aside, 
till we eould see the erest ; sonu-limes the palisades below. 
Anon, the white veil would settle over it all anil only the 
rattle of musketry would eome out «tf the sunlit eloud. All 
at«)neeit Hasln-d upon us that this demonstration against 
the l{idge in our front was a feint and that Hooker was try 
ing to take the Lookout — was taking it as we were stKui as- 
suretl. After a while faint eheers eould Ik- hearil. Ho\. 
intently we listeneil. •• That's no eorn bread yell" went 
along the line, as every eyi- and every lieKl-glass was turned 
toward the eloud-veiled M<»unlain. The artillery ceased 
tiring and t'.ie two vast armies of (J rant and Bragg, in 
breathless suspense, awaitt'd the outeome of the e«>nte>' 
wliieh both realized was no '• feint," l)ut a tight to the death 
Again and again, the •• mudsill" eheer rang, out, »'aeh tinn 
nearer the palisaded erest. Soon a faint grey line appeared 
in the open liehl on the slope of I^ookout. Even with 
the naked eye, it was apparent that it was dis- 
organized and falling l»aek. Through tin- smoke 
and mist, the colors sometimes flashed. 'I'he gray 
masses fell slowly back, and a line of blue appean-d. As 
the crimson of the old llag was reeo<xnize<l. (nant's army 
broke out int4) cheer after cheer, which must have been 
inspiring to H«M)ker's men. anil appalling to the enemy. 



THE BA TTLE OF LO OKO UT MO UNT. I IX. 277 

With scarcely a halt to reform, the Ihie of blue moved for- 
ward, General Hooker riding his white horse, following 
close upon the charging column. The Confederates, fell 
slowly back, rallying and breaking again, until with a sud- 
den rush they made for a line of works which seemed exten- 
ded from the foot of the palisade down the slope between 
the timber and the open field. Here they made a last stand; 
with a rush our brave fellows swept up to the works, but so 
stubborn was the resistance that for a moment it seemed to 
us that the lines and colors were intermingled and the assail- 
iints captured. But the enemy's colors soon broke to the 
rear, and disappeared in the woods. The clouds settled 
down over the scene and only desultory firing was kept up. 
Until night-fall and even after, a few scattering shots were 
heard on the slope. Then all was still. The audacity of 
the plan and the suddenness of its execution paralyzed the 
enemy, and amazed those who witnessed its execution. 

But few soldiers ever see a battle. We heard Chicka- 
mauga, but as for seeing it, it might as well have been 
fought in the dark. Thousands of men, on both sides, saw 
Hooker's battle or all that the mist permitted to be seen. 
Those with field-glasses could see men (h-op out of the line, 
dead or wounded. Without a glass one could only dis- 
tinguish the lines and masses of troops by the gray or blue, 
and the crimson of the colors. That night one of the 
Thousand wrote by the light of his camp-fire : 

"It is clear now that Bragg is outgeneraled and our 
communications cleared. At this time. 9 p.m.. the whole 
side of Lookout is ablaze with camp-fires, and the flashes of 
the rifles of the pickets show where the lines of the two 
armies rest. 

"When the Army recovered from its first feeling of 
amazement at the audacity of the plan which had been 
fought out with such dash and courage, enthusiasm was 
unbounded, and for hours the long lines rang with cheer 
after cheer which were echoed and re-echoed by Missionary 



278 Tilt: STORY OF A THOU.<AyH 

Rid»e ami by Lookout, until the whole valley seemed alive 
with shouting men. We expected to return to camp to- 
nifiht, but have ordei-s to sleep on our arms. This means 
a move to-morrow. Most of those who remained in camp 
have come out to rejoice with us over Hookers victory 
above the clouds." 



I 



XXII. 




On the Crest of Lookout. 

Frona a War Time Pbotograph. 



MISSIONARY RIDGE. 

The morning showed the 
Stars and Stripes floating 
on the crest of Lookout. 
The army greeted them with 
cheers. Then the firing 
grew hot upon the left, ris- 
ing and falling in refluent 
waves. By and by, we were 
moved past Fort Wood over 
to the left so as to join with 
Sherman. An hour after, 
we were in plain sight of 
the enemy's forces on Mis- 
sionary Ridge, and there is 
no doubt that the moral 
effect of great bodies of men 
marching, counter-march- 
ing, and forming in line in 
their front, while a battle 
raged upon their right, and 
another impended on the 
left, had much to do with 
the victory that came after- 
wards. Apparently the Con- 
federate position was im- 



pregnable to assault. Until Lookout Mountain was carried. 



ON THE CREST OF LOOKOUT. 

Color Sergeant Andrew Geddes carried the colors of lh<? 105th in every 
march and battle in which the regiment engaged, from the time they were 

279 



•jsit Till-: >r<>ny of a rimisAyi). 

ihc ("onr»'iUM:iU- >ul<lu'rv l»a<l tVIt si-ourt*. Willi tlu-ir di-- 
lod'TUKMit friMU that stmiiirlioUl. tliev lost oonfiileuce in 
the position tlicy luld. and our movt-meuts in the great 
nniphithi-atcr 1k'1«)\v. iua«rnitied our numbers. A man rarely 
sees the wlmU* of an army, and thon<ih the Anny t)f the 
Cumlierhmd liad ilwindh'd. Itel'nre the attaek was made, t^ 
hardly more than twenty thousand men. th ee times tlmt 
nundier had lir^t and last, ajipeared in hattle array \\\n\\ 
tile plain. The etrect of ti^fhling ii battle on the rijilit and 
another on the left, with seeminjzly undiminished numbtr-> 
still remaiiiinji in the eenter. was to dishearten the C'onfed 
erate soldii'ry to sucii an extent tiiat winn the assault can.' 
they broke and fled in a nianner not less ineomprehensil'i' 
to tiieir offieers than to us. ♦• You'uns must have hal 
morn a million iimmi. said one of the prisoners to ti,' 
writer. '• 1 seed em a marrhin' an' eounter-marchin' fi : 
three days an' knowed tlier warn't no use in fi^htin' th;ii 
many ! " 

TIu'V had. loo, the soldiers fear of b«'inji riank< d 
They expected the tr(K»ps wiiieh scaled Lookout the <l:i\ 
befoii' would pass to ihe n-ar of Missionary Itidjre and 
assail their h'ft Hank, and that Sherman woidil cross to lii. 
north side of South Chickamauira Creek and turn their riirlit 
flank. (Ienti:d .leH. ('. Davis be«i«:ed ihat he miuht Im 
allowed to do this, mid it is stran^'e .that his recpiest wa^ 
not granted by (ien. Sherman. Mratrsi s army would hav. 
been little troultli- to any one after that day if it had. 

•Of tiie nine divisions iK-loiiging to the .Vrmy of tin 
("uniberlanil. on IIh- field of battle, three were with Shei 
man ami tw<i with Hooker, when tlii' signal for the ad\ aiu < 
was given. Uaird s. Wood s, Sherman s and Johnson - 
divisions onlv remained, ranged fri»iu left to riijht in tin 



ilrtit prv-sonleU ubotii ihf niiiltllt- of January, l^^. until Ihc close of the \\ > 
Though thi- colors were IllcniMy shot l«» ratfH. tin- siufl sinick by buUi-ls s- 
or.il limes und his clothes cut by them inon» lb in once, lie was never <'i 
'.. ;. Iii-«l an<l "till survives, nn honored clil/en of Philadelphia. P». The i' 
' /iven »l>(>ve is from a photutrraph of bim ami Ihe colors taken on Look' 

.NI>'wIllulU S«>On tifl'T 11^ .-Hirnn 



MIS SI Oy A li Y RID G E. 



281 



order mimed. There has been much controversy in reourd 
to wluit the general commanding intended to accomplish 
when he ordered this assault. His own account of it is not 
entirely consistent with the impression one gathers from his 




MAJOR GEN. ABSALOM BAIRD. 



previous orders. The probability is that it was a sudden 
inspiration, — a determination to make the move and abide 
the result — which so often decides not only the fortune of 



2S» TIIK STORY OF A TIlOUSAyD 

li:ittl»'. but all olbtT liiiinaii liazanK. That he expected to 
divert so many ot the enemy's forces from the right as to 
enable Sherman to reach his rijrht rear and so end the con- 
test is not uidikely. That he expected these four divisions 
to scale that shingly crest, four huntlred feet high, sharp 
and steep, surmounted by a continuous line of works and 
enfiladed by sixty guns, is not within the range of proba- 
iiility. He knew with the unerring instinct of genius, that 
the crisis of the light had come anil threw forward the o:ily 
force at his hand to prccii)itate a conclusi«)n. 

It was three o'clock in the afternoon when the signal 
guns were fired on Orchard Knol). A lieutenant of the 
Thousand, half-disaljled by a fall int<i one of the man\ 
ditches that lined our works, which had re-opened an oM 
wound, was left in the camp, which was kc?pt by a small 
guard, and served as a base of supplies for <»ur comrades in 
arms, to wluun the cooks took every day, some pait of the 
rations here prepared. Perhaps he was in command: but 
the duty was not onerous nor confining. He had nev« i 
seen a battle before. — only liits of battles which had conif 
under his observation from his place in the line. Through 
the favor of an old commander, he procured a horse and 
leave to serve as a volunteer aide-de-camp. This gave him 
the range of the field, anil in consideration of his disability, 
leave to do pretty much as he chose. l>uring the two pre- 
ceding days of battle, he had been everywhere, — watching, 
inipiiring, delighting in the magnificent spectacle. He had 
l)ecn with Sherman on the left and uuule his way acn)ss tlif 
creek t<> meet Hookers men as they swept «lown the north 
slope of bcHikout. When the signal came he wa< on 
Orchard Kimb. As the artillery broke forth in one lon_ 
roar, the whole line of the .\riny of the Cunilterland from 
left to right, sprang up and for a few moments seemed to 
advance in orderly array toward the wt)rks at the foot of tiie 
Hidge. When they came in tdose range they broke into a 
run. .Ml the time, the enemy's artillery on the crest of the 
Hidge, was pouring int<^ them a fire which it seemed inii-^t 



MISS ZONA R r II ID G E. 



2s:i 



annihilate them uU. Every one who saw it held his breath 
in wonder that they still kept on. As they neared the 
works, a line of smoke burst out on the gray hillside, an- 
other, and then we saw the Confederates scrambling up the 
steep incline towards the upper line of works. Every one 
drew a breath of relief. The upper works were still a line 
of flames and the cannon on the ridge still fired incessantly. 




COL. WILLIAM R. TOLLES. 

(From a Photo{,a-aph.) 

Would our men be able to hold what they had gained? 
That was the question in every mind. It did not seem 
possible. While we waited we saw here and there a stand 
of colors shoot upwards from tlie works; behind each a 
straggling wedge-shapeci mass of blue! Another, another 
and another! The whole line was moving! Scrambling, 
falling, pushing on! First one flag would be in advance, 
and then another! How beautiful the white and crimson 
showed against the dull hillside! Now men grew pale as 
they looked on holding their breath! There seemed no seni- 



i 



384 77/ A' STd/.'y oF A Tllol'SAM). 

Malice of ((Klrr. only stnigglinji: erow(U fnvd liy a fiti. i- 
rivalry l«» oiittlo eacli otlierl Here anil there a moiiiiliMl 
officer was seen! I'p tlie slcipinjr road wliieli reachetl t!:«' 
siuiiinit just at tlie lelt of Hrajrg's lieadiinarters, we coiul 
see tljroii<rli our «;lasses a man on a lilack Imrse riding :is 
li'isurely as if the air about hiiu was not full of shells. <»!i. 
on. the wedired-slr.iped eoluinns pressed while every ht;iil 
stood still with fear! If lliey should he repulsed! If tin- 
tMHMiiy sliould hurl them l»ack and follow them dttwn the 
>liai|t .--lopel Then- was no re>erve. Bi-tween Hook* r. 
whose <£uns were just opening upon the enemy's left, t«» 
Sherman away across C'itico on his right, there was notiiing 
to resist a counter-charge should this be repulsed! (Iroaiis 
ami hurried sighs liurst forth from the pale, set lips of thox- 
who watched — veterans to whom what was heing attempUil 
before their eyes, was a sheer, incredible, impossible thinii! 
The lieutenant shut his eyes in dread of what he miglit 
see. lie beheld his comrades overthrown, hurled b:u k. 
pursued! lie heard a half-incredulous exclamation of sur- 
prise! A sigh of relief! He looked again! A flag had 
reached the crest! Ant>ther and another! Almost before 
they could be counted, in half a dozen places, the Stars ami 
Stripes were planted on the line of n*d-clay ritle-pits that 
zig-/.aiige<l along tlu' narrow cn-st ! Then a slK»ut went up 
from e\eiy spectator in tlu' mighty amphitheater! .^bii 
clasped each <»lher's han<ls! Clung to each other's neck-! 
Shouted and wept and pointed to the Hidge where the enemy 
could be seen in hurried (light, while the victors followiiiir 
hard upon them, sent back to us their cheers, feeble at lir-t 
for want of breath, Itut continued and upr(»arious aftci- 
wanl-. .Vs soon a■^ he could spur ai.'ross the plain, the licu- 
triiant was with his coinraiU-s. Knowing their position lie 
had expected to find them decimated at the least, (hie 
killed ami two wounded was tlu* list of cuisalties! The 
»'iod of battles had been kind — marvelously kind— not only 
to the Thou>«and t"'i t.> '1! 'Ii.-.- engageil in this womhrful 
assault. 



I 



JfISSIO^''ARY RIDGE. 285 

How was it that this wliich seemed impossible was, 
after all, so easily achieved? Reference has l)een made to 
the demoralizatron among the Confederate soldiery caused 
b}^ watching for two days an army greater than any of them 
had ever seen at one time before, maneuver on the plain, 
while they knew from the roar of battle that another great 
army was engaged on their flank. 

Another thing which has been little considered, no 
doubt contributed to the result. The steepness of the slope, 
rising out of a flat plain, gave the fire of the Confederate 
artillery a plunging character which greatly diminished its 
effect, during the charge upon the lower works. "When 
these were taken, both the artillery and rifle fire from the 
crest went very largely over the heads of our men. Every 
marksman knows the tendency to over-shoot, under such 
circumstances. Every man that is engaged in the charge is 
positive that he never faced a hotter fire. No doubt it is 
true. Those who watched and those who climbed are alike 
able to testify to its intensity, and only the fact that the 
fire swept over them because the guns were not sufficiently 
depressed, can account not merely for the small compara- 
tive loss, l>ut for the achievement of so apparently impos- 
siV)le an undertaking. 

But one who was in the charging line, and who wrote, a 
day or two afterwards, his remembrance of what he saw and 
felt, shall give the story of his experience: 

"When the three guns were fired on Orchard Knob, we 
did not know what they meant and it was a moment before 
we started. I suppose there must have been some delay in 
passing the order. However, we got under way as soon 
as we saw the division on our right charging across the 
field towards the breastworks at the foot of the Ridge. The 
rebel skirmishers were soon scattered and fled at a round 
pace up the slope. 

The fire of two batteries was concentrated on us. and 
the shells burst thick and fast about us. Several had struck 
near, but no one was l:aniic(l as yet. Across the wide field 



28(i 



THE STOllY OF A TI/OiSAXB. 



wi- marelicd. the Colonel riding bis biack horse, to the 
Ijreast-worksl A bhort halt and a run for the hill, up 
which our Grst line had already started! The tire from our 
left grew more severe: the shells burst close and seemed to 
do deadly woik. Our men reached the works: halted a 
moment and then crowded on: not in line, but each man 

for himself, each seemini: 
anxious to reach the top 
first, and all wild with 
the excitement of battle. 
We had no orders 
and no distinct purpose. 
\\'e had captured the 
works at the foot of the 
llidixe; the enemy wiie 
lleeing up the slope ami 
we were Utund to foll-'W 
them. We did not si< !■ 
to think whether we coil i 
carry the crest or not-- 
we did not think at all' 
Each man just crowde.i 
on : here and there one Ini 
ahead, and going on. 
others following clo-cly and wearily, for the shtpe was stee[) 
and long, ami then the surging mass, two lines blended in one^ 
confuted, and vet united in notion. */// eajrer to reach the 




SERfiT. v.. P.vTt niN. 



KuwAKU I'A rcnix was born in Newbury, Gtaut'a Co.. O., March tiih. IMO. 
Hi.s boyhood wa.s s|>ent on a farm witb tbv usual ilistrict school i-dvu-aiiuu. He 
i-nlisted as a private in the ISUh O V. I., .April Hth. 1W5I, and st-rvid in the W. 
Va. canipai^rn until the close of his three months' sscrvii-o: enlisted as a pri- 
vate in Co. K. In-'ilh, Aut:. 8, IS«"c*; was apiH^inled Jth serncmi. and was drill 
masierof the company until the battle of I'erryville. where he receiviil a 
musket ball through the left elUiw wliich permanently disabled him causing 
his dischurce from the senMce Dec. :S'. \>Vti. He was elected County Treasurer 
of Geaujja County In l«fitt; after expinition of the term of ofhce, he enpu^ted In 
the Insurance business. For the past li y«>ars he has Ix-en State otrent of the 
Concordia Fire Ins. Co.. ami now has charve of the com|)any's business In 
Ohio, travellnB over the whole State np|xilnlin>: ajrents and adjusting' losses. 
Hlsh>mclsln Chaixlon.o. 



MISSIONARY RIDGE. 287 

fiiemy. Officers rode to and fro, frantic almost, seeking to 
restore order, fearful of the consequences. The wave of 
men, drunk with the frenzy of battle, rolled and tumbled 
up the hill. I glanced for a minute beyond our line, or our 
crowd rather, and saw the old flag on the crest of the next 
hill beyond. As far as eye could reach the line of blue 
showed that while we had been watching the battle nearest 
us, the whole right moved b}' the same impulse, were sweep- 
ing up the slope. Turning again, I saw the men, who a 
moment before, were on the slope, now almost at the crest, 
and moving slowiy and painfully, as if out of breath, but 
still going up. The colors of different regiments, vied with 
each other for the advance. One brave color-bearer push- 
ed on by painful steps, stopping now and then behind a 
tree for breath until he reached the rebel works. The 
enemy's flag was waving there defiantly; but he planted 
ours beside it and the other flag went down. Then other 
colors came up, and were planted on the works. The enemy 
fled in wild confusion, and blue and gray covered the hill, 
pursurers and pursued. The enemy were already leaving 
the point we hoped to gain. Their artillery, four pieces, 
was taken, and a new section sent to reinforce it, was cap- 
tured before it had unlimliered. 

Lieutenant Allen, who had been a sergeant in" Parson's 
battery, got some men together and turned these guns on 
the fleeing enemy. 

The first line was forming when we reached the top. 
Colonel Gleason of the 87th waved his long arm and said, 
"Forward, my brave boys," but too slow for our Colonel 
ToUes, who, in his shrill voice, commanded, "Tion, 'tallion! 
' Der-hup! Ford, double quick — hup!" and the 105lh be- 
came the first line of the brigade following the enemy. 
Soon the gallant old 9th Ohio came up, and, halting, we 
fired at the enemy, who had been engaged with Sherman, 
now turning on us. and in a few moments we had swept th^. 
Ilidge. 



2S.S TlIK ST<HiY OF A T/fOUSAXIf. 

That «lay was the «-liiuax of tlie Colonel's life. Nivtr 
before hail his eoulness ami courage shone so clear. I'nalilc. 
iK'cause of weakness, to breast the hillside with his men. lie 
followed a road a little to oiir right, keeping ev«-n with our 
advance and cheering them by his words and his example. 
His horse seemed to know the importance of the occasion, 
too. I'sually so full of lire, he was staid and ijuiet. as if 
he knew the signiticance of the great conflict going <>n 
around him. 

In our tight upon the crest, where we were .saved fiom 
severe loss, chielly l»y a little depression, over which wc 
lired lying <lown. the Colonel stood by his horse, his hand 
upon the briille. watching the light. One of the line (»lticer-. 
t<io much excited to lie still, rose to his feet and waved ln< 
swonl. 

*• Lie down! <-omnianiled the Cidonel. 

'' IJut, Colonel, yon '" was the hesitating reply. 

■• It is niy duty to stand." was the sharp reply :" and 
vour duty to lie down ' 

How it was I do not know. It seemed as if the tire, 
even at IVrryville, where we lost one-third of our numln-r 
in thirty minutes, was hardly liercer than we faced here; 
vet, when we came to sum u|) the casualties in Ihe whole 
Ijrigade.' but funr wiMf killed nnd only a dozen '>r «.,» 
wounded 

It was dusk when the red liekl was won and the tiring 
leaded. The joy of the men was beyond words. Tin \ 
walked alMnit. taking each other by the hand, or if a clu . r 
was started anywhere, catching it up and sending it on \\\\\t 
a will. In this language, which is l»eyond irmi/s. the gr:ii - 
tude of the army found voice. The wounded lifted \\i .1^ 
hands and voices to shout for victory, ami men. whose L(<- 
liliMid was ebbing fast as they lay on the field. thanke<l <i.-.| 
that the ilay was won, and died. Night deepened and tin) 
troops prepared ••tosU-ep in the camp of the enemy."] 
TiiousainN of lirc^ wt-n- li>_'litcd on tin- hill; groups earnc>.t I vl 



MISSIONAIiY IlIDGE. 289 

discussing the chances and glory of the day and the virtues 
and valor of the gallant dead, and the tone of thankful joy 
grew deeper as one after another brought good news of vic- 
tory. Ten, twent}', thirty, forty-five and at last sixty, 
pieces of artillery were reported to be captured, and ten 
thousand prisoners, beside the wounded. Could the enemy 
ever recover from such a blow? Would they ever again 
boast over the Chickamauga victory? In the far Northern 
homes, we knew our friends would gather for the Thanks- 
giving feast upon the morrow. What a Thanksgiving they 
would have if the}' knew how we had swept away Bragg's 
army! 










XXIII. 

AFTER MI<S10SAKV RIDGE. 

\KN if ull Other tLuiL's 
had Ijeen favorable. th«' 
Fetleral army cuuKl h:i\ c 
n:a(le no forward ujuvf. 
inerit after llie battle of 
Missionary Ridge. ll 
was tied to the river by 
which its supplies canu-. 
Besides that, winter was 
md — a most severe one for 
region in which the two 
armies lay. As Thanksgiving 
day was dawning. The ThoU'^- 
and and a large portion of the 
Array of the C n m b e r 1 a ii d 
pressed forward on the heels iif 
the retreating tiu-my toward llinggold. All day, the 27lli. 
they marched forwanl cautiously, but on the 2Sth eii- 
counterod the enemy in a position from which it was not easy 
to dislodge tiiem except by a general advaiue. On the 2I»th 
The Thousand resumed its march back to ChattancKtga. aii'l 
on the ;}Oth entered one** more its old camp v.lu're tlu- teiils 
were still waiting them. 

The campaign hatl been exactly of a week's duratitui, 
but yet what a w»inderfnl change it had wrought 
in the surroundings. There was no enemy now upon 
the crest of Missionary llidge ; only l<»ng. red gaslus 
which t«ild where llu'ir works ha<l In-en. while hi-re ami tluic 




r 




AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE. 201 

within tlie city was being lieaped up the wreckage of tlie 
great battle. Thousands of stands of arms, some broken, 
some complete, piled up like eordwood in some convenient 
pUxce, were being counted over and checked off by the officers 
and employees of the ordnance corps. Sherman had 
already hurried up the river to the relief of Burnside. The 
stars and stripes floated above Lookout, and day by day 
streams of blue clad onlookers climbed up the laddered pal- 
isade, to look over the scene of conflict, and wonder how 
the result had been attained. River and trains were ))eiiig 
crowded to their utmost capacity to bring supplies, not 
merely for the present needs of the army, but in order to 
accumulate enough for the campaign which the spring must 
bring and of which Chattanooga must be the point of sup- 
ply. For two months the regiment lay in Chattanooga, in 
the very vortex of that wonderful storm of preparation, 
which the amazing, intellectual activity of General Grant 
had set in motion. 

That was a memorable campaign of preparation which 
intervened between the fall campaign of 1863 and the spring 
campaign of 1864, in and about Chattanooga. One can 
hardly realize its character until he comprehends the fact 
that all the vast resources of the Northwest were concen- 
trated upon the accumulation at that point, of supplies of 
every sort and character. Arms, ammunition, food, cloth- 
ing, transportation, horses, mules, cattle, tents, — everything 
that an army could need — were hurried forward with a profu- 
sion and lavishness quite incredible to one who has never 
witnessed the concentrated abundance which w^ar provides 
for its great engines of destruction, the armies it employs. 
The railroads running from Louisville to Nashville, and from 
Nashville on to Chattanooga, were crowded to their utmost 
capacity. Almost every hour during the few days he re- 
mained at Chattanooga, General Grant was demanding and 
compelling an increase in the number of cars handled by 
those roads every twenty-four hours. Two great rivers, 



292 



THE STOUT (jF a TJ/Oi'SA\I}. 



tlierumberland and tbeTennesbee.were crowded with flotilhis, 
bringing forage and stores to Nashville, and establishing 
crowded depots all the way from that point to the Tennessee. 
In the meantime an army of civil employees, numlx^ring at one 
time more than 8. OOU men. were gathered at Chattanooga, 
at Bridgeport, in the Trenton Valley, running saw-mills, 
making charcoal, working forges, building immense machine 
shops, spanning the river with a permanent bridge, builil- 
ing new railroads from the Cumberland to the Tennessee, 
laying new tracks, putting up telegraph wires, accumulating 

britlge material and extra 
engines — doing every- 
thing that military skill 
could suggest and the 
unl)Ounded resources of 
a great empire supply, to 
make the army of Sher- 
man when it should set 
forth on its spring cam- 
paign the most perfect 
of military engines. St), 
wliile the game of war 
was still, save for a 
battU* Hurnsidewas right- 
ing: up llie river, the 
work of preparation went 
on and the (Gibraltar 
of the Confederacy w:is 
transformed into the 
mo^t perfectly ecjuippid lia^e nf operations which 
I lie Fctleral army of tin- West ever had. Chatlan«M.gai 
U'came a hivi- of industry, the hum of whose lalxit 
never ceased by night or day : for war was not oniyil 




SkHC.T. (JEORC.K I). Kl.DKH. 



(iKuiK.R UwK.HT Ki.UEK. C'u. K. ll ba.s U>tn impo.ssiblf to k'i'I any 
infurmutlon in rrtfiinl to ."StTRl. KIder l>eyon«l what apprars io lh«- lalik-s, 
etci'pt ihi- (aoJ ihiit hi- htt> f«>r x-vcrul yfur> bct-n a rv?>ideni o( .Mi-ckl 
bunrh Cuunty. Virginia. 



AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE. 293 

preparing for much greater feats of arms, but was 
also laying the foundation of an industrial empire, 
which should be the boast of the very people then in arms 
against the union . A month, two months and order began to 
evolve itself outof confusion. Abundance reigned where want 
had been so severe. There was no lack of tents or clothing. 
The little mud huts of the siege gave way to the most per- 
fect tentage. Horses grew sleek and fat. Defective wagons 
were discarded. Teamsters began to boast again of their 
mules and equipments. Sutlers abounded. Substantial 
luxuries were to be had for a price — the price itself was 
lavishly abundant. Greenbacks were as water almost. A 
great army cannot long remain at rest without offering food 
to the speculator and prey to the gambler. Fortunately for 
our army, Chattanooga was an empty house. Of the few 
inhabitants nearly all had departed, and there was not time 
to establish there the corruption that contaminates an army 
encamped near a large cit}'. 

With the early days of spring, the great leviathan be- 
gan to show signs of life. Sherman had returned from up 
the river. The rejuvenated army began to spread its ten- 
tacles. The cavalry with fresh horses and abundant forage 
grew restless and began to feel the enemy in front and on 
our flanks. There was news of raids and scouts. The 
army had stretched along the road by which we had fought 
in the fall, past the old battlefield of Chickamauga and on 
to Lafayette, which had been Rosecrans' absurd objective. 
Camps were scattered all up and down the valley of the Ten- 
nessee, above and below Chattanooga, and on the slopes of 
Missionary Ridge. The winter was one of extreme cold and 
only the quietude which prevailed through the cessation of 
active operations saved the troops on both sides from most 
intense sutl'ering. It was still winter, with only a hint of 
coming spring in the air, when the great army began to un- 
fold itself and develop the plan of its advance. 

There were two methods of advance possible to the 
Federal Armv from Chattanooga. One was that favored 



294 THE STonr (iF A 7II(iL'<AyD. 

\)\ Thomas, of a main advance upon Rome, Georgia, by way 
of Lafayette and parallel roads, with a strong, co-operative 
movement from the Tennessee about Capertons and 
the regiun below, advancing into the valley of the Coosa, 
leaving a suflieient force at ami about Chattanooga, to pre. 
vent a possible turning of the left flank or interference with 
the depot of supplies. This force would also demonstrate, 
in conjunction with the main movement against the enemy, 
in the direction of Hingg(»hl and along the Chattanooga and 
Atlanta railway, advancing as the enemy retired or falling 
back to Chattano<»ga should they be attacked by an over- 
whelming force. By this plan, the main attack was to lie 
made in the direction of Rome. Ga. : while the advaiu*- 
along the railroad toward Ringgold and Resaca was to be in 
the nature of a feint. The strategy adopted, exactly re- 
versed this, ilie real inovt-ment l)eing by the left flank and 
the feint ujion the right. 

Till the last moment of his life, it is well known that the 
lit ro of Chickamauga insisted that the Chattanooga. Atlanta 
campaign was :i costly, hazardous and unnecessarily pio 
longed melhoil of accomplishing an inevitable result, ol 
reaching an already foregone conclusion. Within five days 
after the beginning of the forward movement. lie insisted 
that the Army of the Cumberland should have been in Rome, 
In !)»• joined within three days by the force advancing frtun 
Caperton s. l)iiiing this movement In- claimed tliat (Jeneral 
.lohnston woultl have been unable to deliver a hindering, 
ni't to say a damaging blow, npon the llank ot" his ;iiniy. or 
even to attack it in any force witiiout surrendering the line 
of railroad from Chattanooga to Kingsttn; that onceestab- 
lished ill the valley of the Coosa, tlii' t-nemy would l»e 
oliligcd to surreiuU'r. without <'ontest. the Clialtano* ga road, 
whiih w«juld l)econu' at oiic«' a line of supply. A\hilc our 
right would rest in the most productive and least depleted 
region of the South, northern and middle Alabama — threat- 
ening Montgomery. Mobile an<l the one remaining line of 
railroad that >>till united Richmond with the southwest. 



AFTER MISSIONARY RIDGE. 295 

Insteiid of making Atlanta the oijjective of the summer 
campaign, advancing on it tlirough a region offering un- 
paralleled resources for a defensive campaign, he would 
have turned it by advancing along good and safe roads, fol- 
lowing the natural conformation of the terraine, and either 
intervened between the enemy and his base or forced him to 
sui'render the line from Ringgold to Kingston, on which de- 
pended all hope of an offensive movement against our left 
or any diversion into East Tennessee. 

General Thomas' advocacy of this strategic method for 
the campaign of 1864 was, as he personally informed the 
writer, based upon the following specific considerations: 

1. That the Army of the Cumberland alone was 

amply capable of maintaining itself against any offensive 
movement of the Confederate Army in its front. 

2. — That two corps might lie added to it in the Yalley 
of the Coosa, without exposing Chattanooga or our left to 
even a possible successful attack. 

3. — That seven days were sufficient to effect a concen- 
tration at Rome and compel the enem}' to concentrate at 
Kingston or fall back on Atlanta. 

4. — This movement would put our arm}' in position to 
elect its future course with absolute certaint}' of taking the 
enemy at a disadvantage. 

5. — That the enemy would luive been compelled to 
abandon Atlanta by the first of June, ])y the cutting of 
the southwest lines, rendering it strategical I3' unimportant. 

6. — That the two months of hard fighting that inter- 
vened between Ringgold and the Chattahoochie were due 
not so much to the skill of the enemy as to fear of a mili- 
tary maxim to the effect that it is perilous to divide an 
army in the presence of an enemy. This maxim, he insisted, 
had no application when one part of the army so divided 
was able of itself to cope with the whole force of the enemy, 
and the other part was able to fall back upon a fortified 
point which could only be taken by regular siege. 



2J«i TJIE STOU) (IF A TI/(>l'>AXJ>. 

This opiuioii. lliat ihv right wing shuiihl l»t* the Hank cf 
serious attack uiul the left merely feiut upon the enemy ■^ 
works, was maintained hy General Thomas throughout tin- 
whoh' campaign against Atlanta, ami is believed hy man\ 
to have heen fully justified liy re<uUs. It is well known 
tluit General Grant favored Mobile as a preferential oVijeetive. 
wiiich implied a similar line of operations. Hut it is what 
was done, ratiitr than wiiat might have been ilone. whiili 
<-oneerns '-The Story of a Thousand." though there i>. 
periiaps. not one of them left surviving who does not l)elievc 
tliat. if their old commander s plan had lieen pursued, tin- 
collapse of the Gonfederacy would have ocenrred fully six 
months before it did, simply bei-ause the utter hopelessness 
of further resistance would liave been much sooner 
api)arent. 

By the first of May. the army, stripped of all supertluity. 
wa>^ rea<ly to move. ?]very defective man and horse had 
iieen sent to the rear. Every tent, save one for each Divis- 
ion General, and some •tlies" for brigade and regimental 
commanders, had been added to the immense stores wliiili 
filled the great warehouses of Chattanooga. No soldi«'r was 
allowed an ounce of superfiuous weight, and the ollieers" 
liaggage was reduci-d to the lowest possible amount consis 
tent with the transportation of company an«l regimental 
records. The soft southern spring-time, th-layed by the un. 
usual winter, had come swift and redolent. The re<l.cla\ 
roads were dry and hard. 

I'oilwo months the •Thousanil had been at the front, 
near Kinggold. Kvery fourth ilay it was upon outpost 
<luty. On the li'.Kh of April the Division, now the third, 
with (leneral iJaird in command. mo\(d forward, drivinir 
in tlu' t'uemy's pickets. Then tiu-r*- came a lull ; the ;5(ith 
we waited in camp, also the first of May. At «lawn upon 
tin- second we again advanced, and the battlesummer had 

lic!_riui. 



AFTER MI8SW^^AItY RIDGE. 207 

The MilitaiT Division of the Mississippi embraced tlie 
following armies ; which constituted the force under General 
Shermans command during this campaign : 

The Army of the Ohio, Major-Gi-eueral John M . Schofield, 
consisting of the Ninth and Twenty-third corps. Of these 
the former returned to the Army of the Potomac and two 
divisions of the latter took the field with Sherman leaving 
three to garrison East Tennessee and Kentucky. The two 
divisions that took the field were commanded by Brigadier- 
General Miles S. Hascall and Jacob D. Cox. 

The army of the Cumberland, Major-General George 
H. Thomas, consisted of the Fourth, Fourteenth and Twen- 
tieth corps, commanded respectively by Major-Generals, O. 
O. Howard, John M. Palmer and Joseph Hooker. 

The Army of the Tennessee under Major-General Mc- 
Pherson, comprised the Fifteenth and portions of the Six- 
teenth and Seventeenth corps, under Major-Generals, John 
A. Logan, George M. Dodge, and Frank P. Blair, 

The Cavalry consisted of McCook's division of the 
Army of the Ohio. Garrard's division of the Army of the 
Cumberland and Edward McCook's brigade of the Army of 
the Tennessee. 

The Thousand was a part of the Second Brigade of the 
Third division of the Fourteenth Arm}- corps which wus 
composed of the following organizations: 
THIRD DIVISION. 
Brigadier-General Absalom Baird. 

FIRST BRIGADE. 

Brig. -Gen. John B. Turchin. 

Col, Moses B, Walker. 

19th Illinois, Lieut. -Col. Alexander W. Raffen. 

24th Illinois, Capt. August Mauff. 

82d Indiana, Col. Morton C. Hunter. 

23d Missouri, Col. William P. Robinson. 

11th Ohio, Lieut. -Col. Ogden Street. 

17th (3hio, Col. Durbin Ward. 



208 77/ A' STonr >)F A TJ/niSAyJl 

',1 . /\i • ( ^'f>^- Moses H. Walker. 
.U-^t Ohio T • * /' 1 L' 1 • 1 w 1 • . 

( Lieut. -Col. rrednck \\ . Lister 

UI..1 iw • * ^J'^i- 'John H. Jollv. 
H9thUliio <.,,,,, 11 ,. r. 

( ( ol. Caleb H. Carlton. 

!ilM Ohio. C'ol. Heniamin D. Fearinjr. 

.SKCONl* l{Kl<iAl»K. 

Col. Frnlinaml \'an Dervft-r. 

( "ol. Nt'wi'il ( I It-asoii. 

„.,, , ,. \ Lieut. -C'ol. William O Hrii-n. 
Dili iinliaiia ,f . /, I M -, 1 

( .>Iaj. ( yrus ,j. Mc( «ilf. 

.,_., , ,. ( Col. Newi'll (ileasoii 

Koth Imliaiia i • . /. i i- i • i, 1 1 i 

/ l^ieut.-(ol hdwiii r. llaiunioiul. 

iHlhi liMliaiia. Lieut. -C'ol. Thomas I>oan. 

,, ... . ( Col James Georii*' 

_M Minnesota , . « ,. i i i " ax- o- i 

( jjieut. -(.(•!. Juilson \\ . l{i>hoji. 

nth Ohio. Col,(Justave Kummerliug 

:!.')th Ohio. Maj. JostphL. Biuld. 

Jor)th Ohio. Lieut.-Col. (leorge T. IVikins. 

TIIIHO HKHi.VDK. 

Col. Cli'orgc. 1*. Kstt'. 

loth Indiana. Lieut. -Col. Marsh 1>. Tayl«n-. 

_,., , ,. \ Lieut.-Col. Mvron Baker. 
( It li I ndiana ., . „,, \, 

( .>Iaj. llutiiias .>lor<ran. 

intli K.-nliifky. Col. William II. Hays. 

Isth Kfiitiicky. Lieut.-Col. IhiUhaid K Mihvard. 

, ,., ,., . ( .^Iai. Jtihn W. Wilson. 
1 Ith Oiuo ,, . ,. 11- I.-- ) 

( (apt. (iforge \\ . Kirk. 

.. ,, .... I Cai)t. William .\. Clioat*-. 
..>^tli()hio ,, , 1,1- 

( t apt. Joseph \\ agstair. 

AUTII.I.KKV. 
Capt. Cieor«;e Estep. 

iiKl'.ana Liirht, 7th liattery, Capt. Otlio 11. .Moii:aii. 
Indiana Li'dit. liKh Hatt<MV. Lii-iit. Win. 1'. Staekhou.s. 




XXIV. 

THE BATTLE STMMER. 

?^iHE Confederate Greneral, J. B. 
Hood, in Lis book entitled • ' Ad- 
vance and Retreat," characterizes 
the Chattanooga- Atlanta campaign 
as one conducted by an army of 
over seventy thousand men, con- 
stantl}' retiring over '-a distance 
of one hundred miles, from Dalton 
to Atlanta, with a loss of twenty- 
two thousand five hundred men, which presents no action 
rising to the dignity of a great battle." 

This is undoubtedly correct; yet it is also true, that in 
the whole history of war there is hardly to be found an in- 
stance in which two armies so evenly matched, so long con- 
fronted each other with constant skirmishes, rising almost 
every day to the dignity of serious engagement on some 
part of their lines. Speaking of a part of this period. General 
Absalom Baird, commanding the Third Division of the Army 
of the Cumberland, of which the Thousand was a part, said: 
' -My loss during this period (six days) amounted on an average 
to about twenty men a day." For four months there was 
hardly a day in which some part of the line was not en- 
gaged, and, in summing up his impression of the whole 
exhausting campaign, General Baird impressively says: 

" The quiet and heroic patience with which all has been 
undergone and duty performed, whilst establishing for them 
the highest reputation as soldiers, will tend to cause their 
hardships to be forgotten. Starting without transportation 
and with only supplies for an expedition of three or six 

299 



»«l 



77/ A" STdUY nF A TIloL s.lXJK 



wi'i'ks, these things liave heeii requireil to hist for four 
months, s«> that often our oflicers. lying in the dirt and raia 
for days witiiout sheltt-r. have Inn-n unable to jiresi-rve the 
ordiuarv eleauliuess which is essi-ntial to good health, and 

many have broken down from 
want of proper footl. During 
thi- greater part of the time. 
our iiH-n have lain constantlv 
under the enemy's fire. at 
«Vfry moment liable to bt- 
|.!.ki'd otr ; whilst the sound, 
not of distant artillery antl 
mii>ketry, but of the eloselv 
wliistling l)ullet and burstintr 
shell, has seldom liei-n out 
of our ears. The rest whieh 
tlit'V have now and then ex- 
l»t'rieneed l»y the simple cessa- 
tion of these noises has been 
M-rv great.'' 

The disparity of font- ia tliis vt-rv remarkable campaign 
was Mot great. As lias Ihmii stated, the etTective Strength 
of the C'onfedfrate army at or near Dalton. al>out the first 
of May. was 7<l.<MlO men. The aggregate of tlie Army of 




C\I»T. A. C M A>ON. 



AMUKDsK t'HKHKV .Mason was bom in Wetherfleld. Trumbull Co.. t>. 
Nov. toth. imo. Dictl neur Atluatu. lia.. Au^'.'JTth. 1H04. (.'apiaiu Mason llr>i 
c-nllsu-d In l!«l In Co. II. IMh O. V. I., in the threo months* sfrvico. and scrvt>*l 
until inusltTcd out of the resriment. One week later he re-enlisted in the 4-2d 
O. V. I., and wiki made Orderly Serjfeant of Co. A. and serveil with thai r<i.-' 
ment until June. 1K»K. when he reoeiveil a recruitintf commission for the l> 
O v. I. On AU4fust 21st. 18<K. he was mustentl in as First Lieut of Co. { 
]>romoted 
Itaiiy untf 

the staff of fVu. Kosecran-. H" died on the eve of the liottle of Jon»sboro. 
was burled In the panlen of a Mrs. Patterson near Atlanta an«l his Ixnly was 
nftiTwanIs n-movcd irid relnterre«l in the Xatlonal Cemeterj* at Chattanoofra , 
Captain Mason was n ^eni:\l com|>anlon. a brave officer and conscientious 
tioldier an 1 his death was Krvutly rvifrette<l by all his comra.les. 



On AU4fust 21st. 18<K. he was niustentl in as First Lieut of Co. { . j 
d to Captain. March Mth. ISiU. and remained in command of his com- j 
111 his death, except for a short time when detaiUnlas sitmalofflcv-ron ij 



TUE BATTLE SUMMER. BOl 

the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee, and the Army 
of the Ohio in the field, under command of General Sher- 
man, at the same time was 94,131. Both armies were ex- 
cellently equipped, though the Federal forces were often 
short of rations, by reason of the difficulty of transportation 
along the rough mountain roads of the region in which their 
operations were conducted. The discrepancy in numbers 
was fully compensated by the advantages offered to an 
army acting on the defensive by the transverse ranges of 
precipitous hills, across which the Federal army was com- 
pelled to advance. Forced out of one position by day, the 
enemy had only to retire to a parallel ridge, equally difficult 
to be carried at night. On the 7th day of May the two ar- 
mies confronted each other at Rocky-faced Ridge, a sheer 
wall of granite which no army could surmount, and which 
required for its defense only the holding of two gaps, Mill 
Creek and Snake Creek. By some strange oversight, the 
latter was unguarded, and Thomas, who desired to take his 
whole army through it and fall upon the enemy's rear, was 
denied, and McPherson sent instead, with a force only suffi- 
cient to cause the enemy to withdraw. So the Thousand 
escaped the shock of battle, only waiting under fire their 
turn to join the strange procession which filed through the 
mountain passes on the long toilsome way to Atlanta. 

One cannot but wonder what would have been the out- 
come of this campaign had Hood's plan rather than that of 
General Joseph E. Johnston been adopted by the Confed- 
erate Army of Tennessee. It is nowhere elaborated, 
but from the hints General Hood gives, and which 
are confirmed by many incidental allusions on 
tlie part of others, it seems that President Davis 
and General Lee were anxious that the Army of Ten- 
nessee,with Polk's Army of Mississippi should be united 
with Longstreet's corps of the Army of Virgini-a, and make 



30-2 THE STORY OF A TII()L'>AXJ>. 

•Ml offensive movement around the Feileral Uft wing, befon- 
our sulvauce from Chattanooga. Sueli movement. fallin»r 
on Burnsitle in East Tennessee and at the same time com- 
ing by tlie lower gaps of the Cumberhmd phiteau into Cen- 
tral Tennessi't* and Kentucky, would have been a repetition 
of the strategy of l>i(j2 upon the part of the Confeilerates 
with apparently etpial prospect of success. That it was cou- 
teniplated and approved by snch generals as Lee and Long- 
street, and tliat the impetuous ILkkI left the Army of A'ir- 
ginia in the hope of conimaiidiiig one wing of the Army of 
Tennessee in such a campaiirn. shows how sound and brilliant 
was the strategy which (leneral K. Kuby Smith imlr-'ctl 
IJragg to adopt two years l)efore. 

Hut even if there was no great battle in the campaign 
from Dalton to Atlanta, it presented, i)erhaps, more days of 
steady continuous fighting than any other campaign of the 
wai-. Hvery d;iy tiiere was lighting, entrenching, or change 
of position in close touch of the enemy. Almost all the way 
from Dalton to .Vtlanta both armies were carefully entrenched 
at the points of iinnu'iliate contact. These entrenchment^ 
were not of a light ami superficial character but solid 
substantial works, often four or five feet high and from 
six to ten feet in width at the liase. The troops ac(juir«-d 
great skill in tiie erection of these works. General U. U 
Howard >ays of the work of Haird s division at Pine 
Mountain : ••.lu>t where the old lines joined the new (for 
Johnston's rigiit wing was unchanged). 1 saw a feat tin* 
like of which never elsewhere fell under my observation. 
Hairds Division, in a comparatively open field, put forth a 
heavy skirmish line, wiiich contiinud such a rapid lire of 
rilles as to keep <lo\vM a corresponding hostile line behind 
it~s well-const ruct«'il works, while the pii-ks and shovels 
iH'hind the skirmishers fairly tlew, till a gootl set of w(»rks 
was made four hundn-d yards otf. and parallel to tin- 
eiieniv's. '" 



THE BATTLE SUMMER. 



303 



There were some notable days antl notable names 
added to the Roll of Honor of the Thousand during this 
campaign. 

Resaca. — May 14th and 15th. In thi3 battle the 

Second Brigade of 
the Third Division 
under Colonel Van 
Derveer was on the 
left, the First under 
General Turchin on 
the right, both in 
two lines. We moved 
up the steep ridge 
nnder a galling 
cU'tillery fire taking 
and holding a posi- 
t i o n which c o m- 
pelled the enemy 
to fall back during 
the night. 




Sergt. J. A. McNaughton. 



Kenesaw Mountain. — June 10 to 26, inclusive. 
The Confederates occupied Kenesaw, Lost and Pine 
Mountains, which formed an irregular triangle in our front. 
The Burnt Hickory and Marietta Pike was our road to the 
north end of Kenesaw. On the 10th The Army of the 
Cumberland was before Pine Mountain ; McPherson on our 
left lay around the foot of Kenesaw, and Schofield on the 
right, faced Lost Mountain. Our object was to gain the 
road that ran between these peaks to Marietta. It seemed 
impossible to dislodge the enemy from the magnificent Imes 
of works which lined the mountain slope. During this time 
we liuilt three heavy line? of works, each nearer the enemy, 
and compelling some reformation of his line. There was 



James A. McNaughton was born in Montville, Ohio. Sept. 16tli» 1843. 
Enlisted as a private in Co. E. rose to the grade of S3rgeant ; was mustered 
out with the regiment, and died at Chardon, Ohio, Sept. 4. 1894. 



304 THE STORY OF A TlfoL'SAXD. 

not an hour during wbich the roar of urtiller}' or the zip t>f 
rifle balls was n<it heard on some part of our line. On the 
14th, the Confederate general. Leonidas Polk, was killed in 
front of our division. He was usually called the Bishop- 
(leneral. Ijeing Bishop of Tennessee when the war broki- 
out. On the 18th we had gained Pine Mountain and 
advanced against a new line of works behind Mud Creik, 
On the IKth the enemy fell liack on Kenesaw Minintain and 
we followed in line of liattle as on the days previous. 
Bates' Division of the Confederates, whom we had met at 
Hoover's Gap and Chiekamauga. was in our front. After a 
sharp skirmish we took position at the base of the 
mountain, near Kirks House. Here we lay for six days 
under constant fire of the enemy's artilK-rv <in the mountain 
above us, and constantly skirmishing with his entrenelu'il 
pickets in our front. The history of the war has nothing 
more romantic than this continuous bombanlincnt from tlif 
verdant mountains that lay in our front. 

An assault of' Little Kenesaw by the troops of llif 
.\rmv of the Tfuni'^sri'. and of a point about a mile soulli 
of it, by the army of the Cumberland, were ordered to tie 
made simultaneously on the liTth of June. Newtons 
Division of the Fourth Army Corps, and Davis" of tiie 
Fourteenth were chosen by (Jeneral Thomas to constitute 
tlu- eohiinn of assault on Kenesaw. The Third Division, 
liaird, was ordi-retl U) support Davis. In accordance with 
this order we left our position in th»> liiu- at ten (/dock the 
night of the 2(;th. Sunilay, marched tim-e mik-s to the 
right ami took position in the right rear of Davis" Division 
to support it on that flank. The assaults were made 
simultaneously as iiad been ordered. .\ewtons and Davi'^' 
divisions moved on the enemy's works over ground s<i steep 
as of itself to eonstitute an almost impregnable position, 
crowned with works which made the attempt abs«)lutely 
hopeless. Vet some men of lM)th these divisions reaclu'tl 
the enemy's works, climbed up their face and were killed on 
the paiapet. We lay under a hot artillery tire and watclie 1 



THE BATTLE SUMMER. :305 

our gallant comrades as they charged up the scraggly slope 
which no force could successfully assail in the face of the 
enemy's fire. Fifteen hundred and eighty was the entire 
loss of Davis' division, nearly one-third the strength of the 
assaulting column. McPherson's attack also failed but his 
loss was less, a little more than a thousand. The enemy's 
loss was very trivial, he being protected by elaborate 
works . On this day Colonel Van Derveer was relieved from 
3ommand of our brigade, on account of sickness, Colonel 
Newell Gleason, of the Eighty-Second Indiana, succeeding 
Liim, who retained command until the close of the war. 
Colonel Van Derveer was an accomplished officer and very 
popular with the Brigade. Colonel Gleason proved a most 
efficient successor. Because of the unusual length of his 
arms, he was jocularly known in the brigade as "Old 
Longarm."' 

After the assault we kept on digging and fighting. 
There was an armistice from one o'clock until eight o'clock, 
p. m., on the 29th, for the purpose of burying the dead 
killed on the 27th. Then the fight began again, and we 
worked our way closer and closer to the Confederute 
entrenchments until, in some places the lines were not more 
tluui thirty yards apart. A head or a hand that showed 
above the works was sure to bring a shot. A hat hung on 
a ramrod and raised over the parapet would always get one 
and sometimes three or four bullets through it. We lived 
in the trenches and were saved from greater loss b}' the 
substantial character of our works. On the night of the 
2d of July, McPherson marched in our rear to the right of 
Schofield's army. By this movement, the left wing of 
•Johnston's army was endangered and he withdrew from his 
position. On the morning of the 2d of July our division 
antered the enemy's works in our front capturing a consid- 
arable number of prisoners. During the day we passed 
through Marietta, Georgia, and on the fourth day, our 
origade was detached and ordered to return and garrison 
the town. It remained here eight days, the only breathing 
spell it had in all the long and hot campaign. 



:;uo 



TllH STORY OF A TUOlSAM). 



It is A notable thing that in all this one hundred miles 
(»f constant close engiigeiuent. fmm Palton t»» Athintn. 
there was never any V»ack\vanl movement on the part of the 
Union Army. Every day. almost every hour, it gaiuetl a 






/J /^u- 



ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 







^ 



^.'^ 



i-'SW 






C M a/is ' . (> <?•* 
^.>\< - / ■>..■' iL^ •— 










little. It slept tonight where the enemy had camped tin- 
day iK'fore. In all these two months the Confi'derate ci :i. 
mander not oidy was un.ilile to strike a fatal Mow. 1. •, 
found ii«i op|M»rtunity even to compol a luickwanl >.t< ;■ 



1 



THE BATTLE iSUMMER. 307 

Sometimes it was one flank that advanced, sometimes the 
other, but it was alwa3's a forward movement of the Union 
Army and a backward movement of the Confederates. 
Much has been written in praise of the Fabian caution of 
the Confederate commander ; but the real reason for this 
continued and unvarying success is to be found in the 
amazing alertness and unflagging activity of General 
William T. Sherman. No man could have been better 
fitted for the work lie had in hand. Whatever error 
tliere may have been in the grand strategy of the campaign, 
nothing could have been more perfect than its conduct. He 
seemed to forget nothing, to neglect nothing, to foresee 
everything. From wing to wing, he was alwaj^s present in 
spirit, inspiring w^atchfulness and permitting bis enemy to 
have no respite. An infinitude of detail, instead of 
wearj'ing, seemed to stimulate him to renewed activity. 
Kvery department felt his oversight and ever}^ detachment 
was conscious that he had a special oversight of their 
conduct and effectiveness. As evidence of this, the 
following order addressed to the commanding officer of our 
brigade while detached at Marietta may be given. 
"Commanding Officer, Marietta, Ga. : 

I have ordered three regiments at Marietta and a 
brigade at Kenesaw. This brigade will come to Marietta in 
case of danger to the depot, but Kenesaw is selected on 
account of its security and proximity, and troops are more 
easily disciplined in camp than in a town. Although j'ou 
are chiefly needed as a town guard and to handle stores, 
you should not neglect the military duties. Always be 
prepared for a dash of cavalry. Occupy the Court House, 
and barricade and loophole the doors and windows, also 
make a good ladder to the roof, and make the balustrade 
bullet-proof, so that a party of men on its roof can sweep 
the streets. Olher houses should be selected and prepared 
near the railroad depot. A few hours' work will convert 
any good brick or stone house into a citadel. Arms and 
ammunition should always be kept handy, and pickets kept 
well out to give notice. All citizens of whom you entei- 
tain the least suspicion should be sent North, no matter 
the seeming hardsjiips. The safety of our depot must not 



THE STORY (tF A TIJOUSAXD. 

ilepeml upou the pleasure ami convenience of citizens. 
Sin 111 Id any one Ijo caught niolestin<r our road, telfirraph 
wires, or our stores, he should lie disponed of fmally and 
summarily. esi>ecially if disguised in the garb of a citizen. 

W. T. Sherman. 
Major-General. Commanding. 

Tlial an ollii-t-r in commaml of an army of a hundred 
thousand nu'U sliouUl give such attention to minute ih-tails 
is altogethrr wonderful. l»ut it is only one instance of the 
all-pervading watchfulness t)f Gent-ral Sherman. Hi-s 

antagitnist made no successful forward movi-ment simjiiy 
U'cause, after the first unimprovi-d opiK)rtunity at Hesara, 
he found no chance to strike a blow, without exi)osing him- 
si'lf to a crushin<: counterstroke. 



TilK SiK«iK OK Atl.wt.v l>egan with tlu- crossing «»f th " 
Chattahottchie Uiver. The city was of importance simply 
because of the railroatls that ran through.it. It was the heart 
of the railway system of the C'onfcileracy. since the loss of 
Chattanooga. Kastward. the Georgia Railroad ran 

through l>ecatur to Milledgeville. Augusta and Savannah, 
intt-rsccting on its way tlu* two north and south lines i>f the 
Atlantic slopi'. Soulliwardly, tlirough Jonesborough. ran 
tlie Macon ami Wtstcrn matl. giving an c»|H'ning to the 
soutln-ast ; and wc-stwardly, at an average distance «»f fivi- 
miles south of the Chattah<M>chie Hivcr. ran the Atlantic 
:iml Wi-^t point r>»:id. giving connection with Mobile, 
Montgomery and tin* southwest generally. 

Tile city stamls on an irregular group of hills. sh>ping in 
every «lirection, cut with numerous waterways and sharp 
irregular declivities. The^i* were mostly overed with close 
serulj oak, except where the same had In-en cut away to 
give range to the gtins mount4*d in the wurks erected on 
every i'ommautling position. Fivi* miles t» the northward 
runs the Chattah<MH-hie. Mowing fnun northeast to south- 
west, almost per|M'n«licular to our line of approacli. 



THE BATTLE SUMMER. 309 

General Sherman's first line of approach was from the north 
side of the city, being intended to cut the Georgia railroad 
as well as to prevent irruptions on his line of supply, the 
railway to Chattanooga. General Thomas was opposed to 
this method of investment for the very reason which after- 
wards caused its abandonment. Our army crossed over on 
pontoons at various points, between the 16th and 20th of 
July. On the latter da}', our division forded Peach Tree 
Creek and took position on a range of heavy wooded hills 
to the south of it. Our line extended at that time, to and 
across the Georgia Railroad. In the aftei'noon of the 20th, 
General Hood, who had succeeded Johnston, made a furious 
attack on the troops at our left, the Fourth and Twentieth 
corps, and the first division of our corps. Failing in this, 
the enemy fell back to his interior line of works on the hills 
directly surrounding the city. This was the battle of 
Peach Tree Creek, perhaps the most important engagement 
except one, that occurred during the investment of the city. 
The position to which the enemy retired was a range of 
hills about two miles from the city, thoroughly fortified 
long before, and practically impregnable, covering all the 
roads entering Atlanta from the North and East. On the 
22d we moved to the right and took position at the inter- 
section of the Atlanta and Turner's Ferry road due west of 
the city. Here we heavily entrenched while the roar of 
battle came to us from the eastward. On that day was 
fought what is known as the Battle of Atlanta, in which 
General McPherson was killed, and the army of the 
Tennessee lost more than 3,000 men. We held this 
position until August 3d, being every day subjected to the 
fiercest cannonading. On the 27th of July the army of the 
Tennessee moved from the left to our right and were at- 
tacked in their new position by Lee's and Hardee's corps of 
Hood's Army. Though the attack fell mainly on them, the 
fire along our front was very sharp. This was the battle of 
Ezra Church. As the battle of Peach Tree Creek had been 



:::m Tilt: STdliY nF A THOUXAXl) 

tlie hottest just at our k-ft. so that <»f K/.ra C'liurca ha I its 
zenith just at our right ; lM>th left mir <livision almost 
unseal hftl. 

Oa the '^^\ of August, the Fourteenth corps, swung 
over to the extreme right and took position at the mouth of 
r toy creek. On the 4th. our Virigaile advanced against tlie 
enemy's lines, captured two lines of picket entrenchments, 
and devehjped the enemy s position on that part of the 
fiehl. On the r)tii our uht)le division assaulted the enemy s 
lines, captured two lines (»f rille-pits and threw up entrench- 
ments near the enemy s work. In this a>iNault. the Thou-- 
.inil under Major Edwards constituteil tlu* second line of 
-kirmishers. One luuulnMl and sixty prisoners were taken 
ancl the loss in tlie division was aliout one hundred. •• Not 
lieing supported <»n the right or left."' says General Thomas 
in his report, '-(icneral Haird withdrew to his former 
p«jsiti(»n. " From tlietiftJHif August until the twenty-sixth, 
the tiiousand occupied sul»stantially the same p(»ition in 
front of tlie enemy's works. 

i'lie following extracts from the diary of Captain II H. 
'_ unimings give a vivid impression of the daily life of ilie 
regiment during the siege. 

Friday. August 5. 1SG4. — This morning we again moved 
out in the same trim as htst night, our regiment detailed to 
support the skirmish line. After advancing a short <lis- 
tance, perhaps one third of a mile, to the right we halteil 
ami lay down on the rear slope of a low hill l.'iO yards in 
rear of the skirmish line, whieh had crept up to within 
150 yards of the rebel skirmish line, an easy matter on ac- 
i'(»unt of the thick un<lergrowth. and had taken such cover 
as they could. When all was ready a liugle soun«led the 
advance, our skirmishers raised a yell, the enemy let l<M>se a 
volh-y cutting the undergrowth wonderfully, but olherwis** 
harmless ; immediately our men sprang to their feet and 
rushed forward. In three minutes the reln-l ritle pits were 
our-i and our ilivi-^ion was better off Ity -.'jO prisoners an«i 
with slight loss. ln»)ur regimental front alone sixty prison»'rs 
were taken in out of the wet. \'alle«' of Co. C. a fine s<»lilier 
and a n-liable worthy man rushed up to a pit full of reU'ls, 
seized a lieiilenaiit ainl claimed him as his prisii' vr Ho 



TUE BATTLE SUMMER. 



311 



wus immediately shot through the upper portion of the 
breast by another rebel. He lived but a short time. 

We halted near the rebel rifle pits and dug a rifle trench. 
We had scarcely secured tolerable protection when the 
enemy opened a very heavy artillery fire upon us from 
several batteries. The air was full of flying shell and 
spherical case. I think I have never before experienced so 
hot a shelling but we lay close and no one was hurt. After 
the shelling ceased we strengthened our works. 

Sunday, August 7, 1864. — To-day our skirmish line was 

advanced. There 
was a demon- 
stration along 
our entire line, 
for the purpose, 
I understand, of 
making a diver- 
sion in favor of 
Schofleld who is 
swinging around 
to the right. 

About ten 
o'clock the line 
was advanced ; 
at once hot 
firing, both in- 
fantry and artil- 
lery opened 
along the line. 
We lay down 
behind on r 
works. The 
skirmish line in 
front advanced 
to within 30 
y a r d s of the 
enemy's rifle pits and lialted and shortly fell back. 

Sharp firing continued until nearly night ; still we had 
but two men of our detail wounded. This evening there 
was another spurt of picket firing, which routed us all out, 
but amounted to nothing, The lines are so close that the 

Jame.sCRATS wasboru in Malioning Co. , O. , Oct. 8, 1841, of Scotch-Irish 
parentage. Lived on a farmuutil theageof IT.when he entered thedrug store of 
Dr. John Manning in Youngstown, O. Education obtained at district pehocls. 




Lieut. James Grays. 



312 THE STORY OF A TIIOUSAyL 

enemy's balls fly over us constantly, in cases of iimisiial 
firing makiiii; it tk'cidedly warm. altliougU as the «:round 
di'st-ends t-j ilie rear from our works tliey cannot get d»nvn 
vt-ry low. 

Monday, August 8, 1664. — This morning we moved our 
line forw:irtl alx»ut hundred yard^ t" support the I'.Uh Indiana 
battery, which is throwing up a work in front of tlu' left of our 
rugimiMit and also to conform to the line of the 1st brigade 
on our right, which is also thrown forward. We liuilt very 
strong works and put up an abattis of sharpeneil stakes in 
front. We were now in plain sight and within 7U(t yards of 
the enemy's main line. His >kirniislH'rs eannot le mtue 
than 4r)0 yards distant. 

The ground rises from our works to the rear hence tl ey 
are no protection tons when a little in rear of our iine. I 
took the precaution, in pitching my tent, which is well to 
the reir an I wholly unprotected, to build a pile of h ^js 
two feet high in front of my tent. 

Tuesday. August 9. 1804. — As 1 was passing Co. (", 
going to my Itreakfast th.s morning, a ball came in. stiiking 
Larry Kelly of that comp.iMV as he sat <»ver a lire niokirg 
his breakfast. It entereil mar his collar lione. j !l^^iI^g 
down, inflicting a mortal wouml. Everyone in the rigin:cnt 
knew barry. His dog, too. hail long been a fixture cf the 
rcgiincnt. When leaving boui^ville. Ky . on the IVriy- 
ville campaign this d(jg came boiind'ng to our (Parstn s) 
batl.'rv. He immediately enlistetl for the war. attaching 
himself to the battery and to the gun to which l.arry be- 
longed. He made it h's business to lo<»k after the interests 
of tin- battery in general and that gun in particular. He 
distinguished himself Ity his strict watchfidne.s> over all 
the property of the battery when strangers were about, and 
his excellent judgment in determining who were proper 
characters to have around. .Vt IN-rryvilU- he shared in the 
dangers and glory of the occasion and i-eceive<l a w«tnnd. 
When the battery \\:ts l.i-. .ken up and Larry returned to the 



Hlni'H Acmli'iiiy ntul W.Miniu-i. r Colli-tM-. Ih- t-nlistcil in th<' la'ith. July •,". 
lMt». ami wa« »p|xiliit(-<l Fifth .Srri,'<'unt of t"». .\. wh«-n the oim}>uii.v wus orvmi- 
izpti; )in>in<iti-il lo Dnlerly Srrvuiit. i'<iinnilNsl«>n«'»l ."Mfond I.ifutciiani Inii 
not iiiusU-rcil :roiuiiil-<>>ioiit-<i Klr^i Lii-uu-uuiit uml iniiH(i-r<tl ut l{ln»,'K>>l<l >'a. 
\\v h.»<l <i>iiuuun<l of Co. (' ihr la>«l i-lfvcn nioniliNof iho war; the «>nly coiiiuil!«- 
Hlotii-tl ofHi'or pn-.tfiit with thf t-omi»uny ilurin»; that llmt-: was with tho rvKl- 
mi-nt in all It.s cniriucrnicnts ami luarchcH; luiiHtprvtl out with the n*trluu-nt ut 
WaHhintrion. O. ('. lie has Jut-u In ilio tlrujf )iuslnf«H over rincc uml now 
r<-->i<lr<i in Minm-aitollH, Minu. 



THE BATTLE HUMMER. 3]n 

regiment, Watch (this dog) accompanied him and has ever 
since followed this regiment faithfull}', always ready " for 
duty," always in the front, joining in the sports of the 
regiment with zest, knowing, Ijy instinct apjxirently^ when a 
pig was to be " foraged " and following on to catch the 
" game " and receive his share of the prize. 

Last night, while scouting about our picket line, he re- 
ceived a wound which proved mortal. Larry was almost 
inconsolable but he had not long to mourn his constant com- 
panion. This morning a stray shot, such as killed his dog, 
hit liim and gave him a mortal wound. 

A little later another shot passed through several 
tents and struck John Fuller of my company in the head, 
killing him instantly. The day passed quietly in every re- 
spect except for the balls flying through our camp. 

Wednesday, August 10, 18(34. — On picket. This day 
passed much as picket days in this region do. I went on 
the line at2o"clock, A. M., came off at 10 a. m. The enemy 
did not fire much. One shot wounded Ed. 11. Cowlesof Co. 
(t, slightly, grazing his forehead. This afternoon we 
advanced the line considerably, to the edge of the wood in 
front. We found two bodies, one a rebel, the other a 
Union soldier belonging to the 38th Ohio. The whole 
movement was managed quietly and successfully; relieved 
aliout 6 o'clock, p. m. 

On the 6tli of August, General John M. Palmer, who 
had commanded the Fourteenth Corps, was relieved at his 
own request, and succeeded by Brigadier General Richard 
W. Johnson, who had been in command of the First Divis- 
ion of our corps. On the 7th an advance was made of the 
skirmish line along the v/hole right wing under cover of 
heavy cannonading. From this time until the 25tli the 
division occupied practically the same position, constantly 
under fire both of the enemy's skirmishers and artillery. 

On the 26th of August", General Sherman adopted the 
course General Thomas had urged immediately after the 
battle of Peach Tree Creek, a month before. Cutting away 
from his line of supply, the railroad leading north to Chat- 
tanooga, he swung his whole ai'my around to the right to 
destroy the West Point and Macon Railroads, which had 
already been temporarily cut some distance below by our 



TIIH SJOJiy (iF A TIloL >AMi. 

cavalry, liul not to aji i-xlt-nt to disable tlu'iu piTiuaiK'ntly 
from use hy tlie enemy. In carrying out tUis movemcr.t we 
withdrew from our position under a heavy lire on the 20lh. 
moved to the rij;ht two or three miles, swung round across 
t!n' West Point Railroad an<l to«jk a jKJsition facing north. 
Here we entrenched and destroyetl the railroad in the most 
appnjved manner. In this work we had already hecoan' 
experts, hut were yet to grow more proficient in that long 
march during which it was to he a chief part(jf our duty for 
m<»nlhs. F«)r its most successful performance the force 
engaged was always divided into three IxMlies. with separate 
.-ujd distinct duties. The first marched in single fde along 
the side of tlu' track to he torn up, until each man stoo<l at 
the end of a tie. Then, at the word of command, eai-h 
stooped, t«M»k hold of the tie. and. at another wonl. the 
wIkjIc track was lifted up and overturned. Then this party 
marched on and renewed the movement. The second party 
heaped up the ties upon the track, laid the rails across them, 
leaving the en»ls extending on each side, and set the ties on 
tire. The third party, coming, up later, took the rails, then 
red hot in the middle, twisted them about trees or other- 
wise bent and distorted them so that no rolling-mill could 
straighten them, wholly destroying the roail for use until 
new ties and n«'W rails should be suppliecl. 

On the :51st of August, our divi«»ion advancing in col- 
umn of attack, seized the Macon and West«'rn Kailniad, 
!>outh of Rough and Ready, and uix the 1st of September 
turned .south and advanced in lineof battle «»n .loneslxtrough. 
(Ml the afternoon of this day. having pressed back the 
eniMuy s pickets so as to develop his line of works aUiut 
JoneslMirough, the division was formed in two lin«'s by 
brigailes. and the briga«les in two lines by regiments, ami 
ailvanci'd to the assault of the i-nemy's works. Kste's and 
(ileasons brigades composed the left c<ilumu of assault. 
Kst*' in front, and our brigaile in support. Tlu* signal was 
given at 4:1.') i-. M. Kste's n«en dashed oir with a wild 
cluH-r, carrying everything befon* them. We followed in 



THE BATTLE SUMMER. 315 

close supporting distance. Tliere was no need. They 
swept the enemy's works, capturing 426 prisoners, including 
55 officers. The brigade numbered 1.139 men and lost in 
half an hour in killed and wounded 330, or more than 30 
per cent, of the whole numljer. The Confederates in our 
front were Lewis' and Govans brigades of Hardee's Corps. 
The charge was one of the most notable of the war , the 
bayonet being actually used along the whole front of the 
brigade. The battle of Jonesborough, was the last actual 
fighting in the siege of Atlanta. On the next day the 
Confederates evacuated the city, and the long and fierce 
campaign was at an end. 

The fall of Atlanta was the end of four months of 
constant struggle. Beginning on the 2d of May the cam- 
paign closed on the 2d of September. During this time, 
the TTnion and Confederate armies engaged, suffered the 
following losses: 

The losses of General Sherman's army from Chat- 
tanooga to Atlanta (May 5th to September 8th, 18(34) were, 
killed. 4,422; wounded, 22,822; captured, 4.422; total, 
31,687. The losses of the Confederate army confronting 
us, under Generals Johnston and Hood were, killed, 3,044; 
wounded, 18,052; captured, 12,983; total, 34,979. 

During these four months, the "Thousand" was in 
camp, out of the line of fire, only fiftemi days. Of these, 
fiff (f(i)/s was the longest period passed in an}- one camp. 
They were riglitjj -three days directly under fire, either in 
battle, ou the skirmish line, in pursuit of the enemy or 
engaged in siege operations. The other twenty-three days 
they were on the march. This terrible stretch of continuous 
duty in the scorching heat of the southern summer is well- 
nigh unparalleled. It was followed by a month of rest, 
from September 3d until Octoljer 2d. One of the men, 
writing in his journal at the time, declares that no man or 
officer had " a change of clothing iov fifty -six days ! " 

It is no wonder that General Baird in his report* of 

*.See Appendix. 



/ UK 



mm of A rjio I 'SA XI >. 



Heaili|u:irter5i, City Point. \';i. 

<,.j,t<. !!!>"■!• ■♦ 1 >>'■ ♦ "• \> 111. 

Mujor-General SlK*nii;i;i 

I have just reci-ivt-il y«nir ilisijaUli aiiiKiuueiu*: tlie 
raptiuv of Atlanta. In honor of your jrreat victory I have 
ordtMvd a salute to he tired with shotted jruns from every 
Itattery lK*arin«jf upon the enemy. T!"- -'l'"" ^vi" '•.• liv*')) 
within an hour, amid great rejoicinj: 

Lieutenant -(jenerai. 

ll. All the eorps, regiments, and iiatteries eomposiiiL' 
llii-< .Vrmy. may. wiihout further orders, inscriltf -.Vtlanta 
on their colors. By or<ler of 

M.V.HiK li KNKU AI W T SlIKRM.W. 

1, ^l l'\>roN, Aiil<-'-tK'-camp 



XXV. 

IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 

'FTER the fall of Atlanta came a mouth 
of much ueeded rest. Four mouths 
of constant march and battle, from 
the advance on Resaca on May 2d to 
the taking of Atlanta on September 
2d, had been a severe strain on the 
physical and mental energies of all. 
Now, with Hoods army twenty miles 
away to the southeastward, save a 
force of observation which touched 
our pickets on the road to Rough-and- 
Eeady. and relieved of duty save a 
light picket detail now and then, the 
men loitered under the groves that 
crowned the hills about Atlanta; 
made themselves pleasant quarters; 
drew fresh clothing and with abun- 
dant rations, enjoyed the surcease 
from war's alarms as only the veteran 
soldier can. Leaves of absence and 
furloughs were abundant, but all of very brief duration. 
The restless Sherman had no thought of wasting time in 
exulting over his victory. His eye was turned toward 
the sea, and having expelled the inhabitants of Atlanta 
from the city, thereby relieving himself of spies upon 
his movements as well as greatly adding to the embar- 
rassment of his opponent, he set all the forces at his com- 
mand, at work to prepare for the advance he contemplated. 

319 




:;20 THE STnliV /;/ i iiint -am. 

The railway fruiu Luiiisvilli'. KtMiUit-ky, to Atlanta, (ienr«zia, 
wa- Tiiii to the utmost liiuit of its c.ipaoUy, briuging for- 
wanl recruits and supplies for the army and taking back the 
siek, wounded and overworn soldiery, defective horses and 
equipments. Hart/ell, of Company II, had l»een on detached 
service alm<»st a year, taking recruits from Camp Chase, 
Ohio, to various parts of the army. Since the army had left 
Chattanooga his trips had lieen frequent bringing on men for 
the old regiments. Few of lii'in came to the Thousand. 
I»ut he h:'.d been the me><s«-nger by wliom many remittances 
were m:;ile to tliose at home. Now, Colonel IVrkins and 
others, who were worn with the long campaign returne<l 
home on furlough. Tiie regiment was left in command of 
-Nlajor Kdwards, in what was aptly named *• \:u:ition 
Camp," with Captain Wilcox second in command. 

(General Thomas was sent l)ack to Nashville, still retain- 
ing command of the I)epartment of the Cumberlan«l. though 
tile greater part of his army remained at the front. To 
him were s«'nt tlse halt and maimed, the weak and worn, 
unattached regiments, commands wh<»se terms of service 
were soon to <'Xpire; in short, all the more undesirable ele- 
ments of a great army. With these, one division of the 
Fourteenth Corps. Schofield's Army of the Ohio, and such 
troops a-i had been left in garrison in our rear, (leneral 
Tlioinas was expected not only to organiz.e an army to 
hold Tennessee, where Wheeler and Forrest were raiding 
our communications, but his superior even intimat<'d that 
he might make an indepeiulent movement on .^I(>llile. 
There was left only the very pick of the .Vrmii's of liie 
.^IilitJlry division of the Mississippi, when an event occurred 
that changed the outhK)k of atfairs with a sudilenness 
altogether remarkable, even in theever-startling kaleidosco|»c 
of war. 

The cam|)aign of II<>od arouiul tiie h-ft wing of Sher- 
man's .Vrmy, cutting his communications and st>eking to 
pn-vent a further advance into <;ii»rgia by placing himself 
in the eneim s rear, rather tlian in his front. wa> one of the 



IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 



321 



most daring and brilliant movements of the war. For a 
month, General Hood with an army of forty thousand men 
had lain, apparently inactive in front of Sherman with his 
army of ninety thousand men in and about Atlanta, the 




Corp. Joseph T. Torrence. 



JOSEPH Thatcher Torrence was born in Mercer County, Pa., March 15. 
1843. He spent his youth as an iron worker in various furnaces of Western 
Pennsylvania and Northern Ohio. He enlisted as a private in Company A, 
10.5th O. V, I., and was appointed corporal. He was wounded at the battle of 
Perryville, October 8, 1862. and discharged for disability January 7, 186.'3. He 
was for a time in the personal service of Gov. Tod of Ohio, and was afterwards 
in the furnaces at New Castle, Pa. In 1860 he went to Chicago, where he has 
since resided and been engaged in various successful enterprises. He was 
appointed Colonel of the Second Regiment of Illinois Guards in 1874 and com- 
missioned Brigadier General of the First Brigade Illinois National Guards in 
1878. As such he had command of the military force in the city of Chicago 
during the riots of that year, during which he handled his force of five regi- 
ments in a manner to secure the commendation of all. He resigned this position 



32 2 THE STORY OF A TlluL >AM>. 

inliubitaiits itf which had been fxpt'lU'd. bfing given tlu'ir 
option to go North or South, in order that the Army might 
he unencumbered in its task of making preparations for itr^ 
future nutvements. It seemed probalih^ that the purpose of 
(J«*neral SluMUian was to accuniuhite there asulticient supply 
of rations and forage to enable him to make the movement 
toward Savannah, even should his opponent adopt the 
Fabian tacti*- and destroy all supplies along the route, 
(leiieral Hood, on the other hand was greatly trammeled as to 
his movements by the fact thai thirty-four thousand Federal 
prisoners were eontined at Andersonville in his rear. If 
relea.sed liy Sherman's army, they would add greatly to hi-^ 
strength. He was compelled therefore, io remain on the 
defensive until arrangements were made f«)r their removal. 
As soon :is this wa-- <lone. he Itegan to cast about for some- 
thing whicli he might attempt which otfercd a reasonable 
hope of at least deferring the fate impending over the Confed- 
eracy. It was evident that if he retained his position. 
Sherman would so<m be able to advance <»n him with a 
jierfi'ctly appointed army of eighty thousand men and send 
'I'liomax into Alabama with one of fifty thtuisand or 
more. There was no hope of reinforcements or relief 
from any tpiarter. The Confederate army would merely 
have to fall back day liy day. until it was disintegrate<l by 
desertion or compelled to suiTendcr to overwhelming num- 
bei-s. He therefore conceived the brilliant idea of transfer- 
rint: hi> army urountl the right wing of Shermans forces 
crossinir the CliattalnM.chee and falling on the line of suppl\ 



In 1K77. uikI hii."" sinco Ikvii cHinct-nieil in the e>uil>lishuu'nt iiml pmmoiiixi < < 
some of tlu- in<>.>«t luiiN^rtunt t'nUTpris*.'!> in ll)i' omnlry. such as the Calumet In^i. 
ttud StofI C'om|>an.v. tliv Western Indiana KaltrxNtil, and tlu- Kollint; Mills at 
Evansville, Iiul. He is Prvslileiit of the ChieaKo unci Cuhimet Terminal Rail 
wiiy, the Calumet Canal anil Improvement Comimny an«l the ."^taiKlanl St^-^-l 
iiml Iron Cnmpaiiy. His enterprises hove yleMe<l him aii ample fortune iind he 
is aeeounteil itnumu the most prominent and suhstantial men of the \Ve>-t His 
eartHT hu» Iwen u mo^t n-mnrkahle one, uiul show- thni\iKhout the same i-nter- 
prlM*. vlKor und attention to detatW. whieh made him one of thi- most promis- 
InK soldiers of the n-Kinient whose tlrst Imttle wiis the last he saw. The st«>r>- 
of (Jen. Torren«'e"s life n-adx like a pajje torn out of M»me nusliaeval romanee 
only more wonderful than even the iniairinallon of a Mandeville could tniee. 



IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 323 

of the Federal Army so as to compel the division of 
Sherman's army to pursue and head him off from Chatta- 
nooga and middle Tennessee. 

General Hood's preparations for this movement were 
made with the celerity and suljtlety which characteinzed that 
commander. He knew he could be of no service to the 
Confederacy if he remained where he was; there was a 
chance that this bold move might accomplish brilliant re- 
sults. It was a chance worth trying. Having determined 
upon it, he gave his whole soul to its execution, and his 
movements were so swift that he had gained four days be- 
fore his alert antagonist could guess out his purpose. The 
order to move was issued on the 28th of September; on the 
29th, at noon. Cieneral Hood rode across the pontoon bridge 
at the head of his infantry, and camped that night at Praj-'s 
Church . Two days afterwards, he was at Lost Mountain ; 
the next day he seized Ack worth and Big Shanty, and the 
day after, the 5th of October, attacked Allatoona. 

On the day he crossed the Chattahoochee the rumor came 
that the Confederate Army was moving to our rear. It was 
thought to be a cavalry demonstration. The next day the 
granting of furloughs was stopped and all leaves of absence 
were suspended. On the second of October, Hood's designs 
had so developed that Sherman determined to pursue with 
his whole army except one corps left to hold Atlanta. Hood 
had gained a week's start, but Sherman's army was in prime 
condition, elated with victory and accustomed to long and 
furious marches. Probably no arm}- in the world was ever 
its superior in this respect, and few generals have ever 
equaled Sherman in capacity to move a large army with 
extreme rapidity for a long time. 

On the afternoon of the 3rd of October the Thousand 
broke camp and started with the army in pursuit. On 
the 4th they recrossed the Chattahoochee; on the 5th 
reached Marietta; on the 8th were at Ackworth; on the 
10th at Allatoona; on the 15th crossed the Oostenaula 
River; on the 16th passed through Snake Creek Gap, which 



324 THH STORY (iF A Tll<iL>AM> 

they lunl piissed going the other way on the 12th of Mav 
preceding. Then they turned southward, passed a week 
buihling a bridge and grinding wheat and corn for supplies 
at Gaylesville, AhiJtama; started esistward i»n the 2Sth and 
arrived at Rome, (Jeorgia. on the 31st of (Jotol»er. On the 
."^rd of NovenilxT they reached Kingston. (Jeorgia. and re- 
mained tiiere in a deliglitful camp for one week. 

On the 11th of Noveml)er they turned llieir faces toward 
Athmta, over tiie very roads they liad already twice tra- 
versed since the summer l>egan. This time they destroyed 
raih"oad bridges and everything tliat could l>e of value to an 
enemy. Sherman wa.s cutting lo«»se from his base of sup- 
plies. They passed through Ack worth. Hig Shanty, found 
Marietta a mass of smoking ruiii<. mh'I '"> 'Im- l.')th reached 
Atlanta. 

Ill thi' meantime. Hood by the llJlh of Octolx^r had 
reached Resaca. the point occupied by Johnston five months 
before, when the campaign against AtlanUi iK-gan. capturing 
Dalton and all interme(liate points, except Allatoona. and 
advanced to Tuiinell Hill, seven miles from Chattanooga. 
From this point In- tinin-d sdutli and on tin* ir)th was at 
Cross Roads, nine miles south of LaFayette. Here he de- 
terminetl to halt and deliver battle, but his corjis command- 
ers declared that the morale of his army would not justify 
such a course. Tlu- sliadow of the i-nd alreatly hung over 
the Southern soKlier. Well won hi it have been for Hood'> 
renown if he had takt-n warning from his soldiers' intuition> 
and spared them fartiier useless slaughter. His love ol 
battle, sanguine temper, and above all his confidence in tin- 
genius of liCe, kept alive in the breast of the shattered vel 
eran a straniTf, «lelii«iive hope that the CDufederacy would 
yet triumph. 

Foiled in lii^ plan of engaging Slu'iinan. with tin- con 
I'urrence of his superior. (Jeneral Reauregard. he determined 
to advance into Tennessee aiul engage Thomas U-fore the 
forcesof that commander could be com-ent rated. Overcoming 
almost iinredibii' obstacles he carried this design into etrect, 



IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. 325 

narrowly missing success, througli the failure of Cheatham to 
attack Schofield in flank while on the march. One month after 
leaving his position to the southeast of Atlanta, Hood's army 
was resting on the banks of the Tennessee waiting to cross, 
while Sherman had turned back to begin the movement 
which was to end the last act of the great national tragedy. 

To the men of the Thousand, this month's jaunt despite 
forced marches, dust and heat, was thoroughly enjoyed. 
Every journal kept during that time is brimful of jollity. 
The fleeing enem3% the return to scenes of the summer's 
strife, the fruitful autumn, the attractive scenery and rich 
harvests of the Coosa Valley, and above all, the universal 
impression that the end of the war was at hand, tended to 
make these citizen-soldiers especially gleeful on this vaca- 
tion trip through the country. It is said that even Adjut- 
ant Dickerman who had passed unmoved through the fertile 
fields of Kentucky and the most attractive nooks of the 
Cumberland Plateau, was so impressed by the attractions of 
Northern Alabama that he proposed to return there and set- 
tle, as soon as the war was over. Instead of doing so, how- 
ever, he studied law, became a judge in Michigan, and is 
now a practitioner in California. 

Captain Mansfield, too, who had risen from a private in 
Compan}' H, to be the Chief of Ambulances on the staff of 
General Baird, of the Third Division of the Fourteenth 
Corps, records the fascination which this beautiful region 
had for him; but he also yielded to the attractions of busi- 
ness and politics, and instead of becoming a carpet-bagger 
in Alabama, he listened to the solicitation of his friends and 
took a seat in the legislature of Pennsylvania. 

One incident of this march illustrates in a curious way 
the haps of war. On the 29th of September, Lieutenant 
Wm. H. Castle, then in command of Company- B, received 
a leave of absence for thirty days, from the headquarters 
of the Army of the Cumberland. On the next day the 
general order announcing a movement of the enemy to the 
rear, was issued by General Sherman, commanding the 



326 THE STORY OF A THOi'SAyD. 

Military Division of the Mississippi. Among other things 
this order revoked all furloughs of enlisted men still 
within the limits of the army, and 'suspended ' all leaves 
of absence which had l)een granted to officers still with their 
commands. Lieutenant (.'astle had just received his leave of 
absence and was still with his command. Throughout 
the whole march, his comrades joked him alx^ut his 
leave ot absence; asked him how he was enjoying him- 
self, how the weather was at home: and addres.sed to him 
all the gof>d-nature<l raillery which an unlucky man is 
the recipient of when his ill-luck happens to have a 
ludicrous phase. 

On the return march, the Thousand halted for some days 
at Kingston. (Jeorgia: went into camp, were paid off and 
there was everv" indication that they would remain there for 
some time. Other officers who held leaves of aljsence sim- 
ilar in character to that Lieutenant Castle had, regartling the 
*• suspension '" as at an en«l. went to the rear. Tastle was 
young, had little experience (»f the world to begin with, and 
small inclinati<»n to take life .seriously. He had risen from 
the ranks in Company K; was a g(X)d-natured fellow, always 
ready for duty : had never Ikh-u absent from his com- 
mand except three clays during his term of service, and lunl 
onI\ (mce l>een under arrest. That once was for not pre- 
venting his men frf»m filling their haversacks with ears of 
corn from an over-turned wagon in a train thi-v wc-re guanl- 
ing during the starvation days of the Siege of ('hattano«jga. 
He was a trim, handsome fellow, and. his boyish appearance 
with some lack-of firmness, wi-re against him as disciplinarian. 
Colonel I'erkins. wjio had licfii abst-iit on leave ri'joiiu'd 
while the regiment was encamped at Kingston. 

On the evening of the flay tlu- regim«*nt was paid off. 
Lieutenant Castle went to the <-<»loners lent to inform him 
thai he intendei! to take advant.ige of his leave of absence 
now almost a month old. Finding several oflicers then*. In- 
waited till they should go. In-fore mentioning the matter, 
lest he should awaki-n their raillerv. I'resentlv. one of 



Ls~ pre^r/r of hood. 337 

them asked liim. jocosely, how he enjoyed his -leave 
of absence. • That is all right, " answer^ the lieutenant, 

• • I am going home on it. now we have driven Hood off the 
lines and the car? are running again. " A shout of 
laughter greeted this announcement. He was told that Ms 
leave was out of date : that he had lost his ehanoe and 
would have to begin over again. •Well," he replied, ••! 
am going to try it, anyhow. " ^Ia"or Edw:vi\is said he 
would be -a fool if he did ijo 

An engine was standing on a siding near the camp 
with steam up. After leaving the Colonels tent, he went 
and askeii the engineer when the train would pull 
out ? -I am expecting orders every minute, " was 
the ivply. Castle hurried back to his quarters : packed 
up his traps : tumeti everything over to First Sergeant 
George P. Elder, and hurrieti down to the train. Only 
box cars were run on these military railn>ads, below 
Chattanooga, at least. Into one of these he hustled : 
wrapped himself in his blanket and was soon asleep. 
Morning came and the train was still on the siding. 
Several of the otKcers of the raiment came down and 
jokeil with him about his •• leave of absence, "" having 
stopivii the train, Alx»ut ten o'clock it started. Two 
days afterwards he reported at the headquarters of the 
IVpartmeut of the Cumberland to which the Thousand 
l^elouged. in Nashville ; presented his leave of absence to 
the pix»per staff officer, and had it dateii and countersigneii 
stating the time at which he must rep^^rt for duty. This 
was the usual prxxxviiure. Furloughs and lea\-es of 
alvsence were gntnted by the department ci>mmander ; not 
by the gmieral cv^mmanding the Military Division. So, 
Lieutenant Castle went home on a leave of absence regularly 
grauttxl and tvgularly euviorseii by the only officer having 
right to gnint such leave. A few days after reaching home 
he was taken sick ; he forwarvled a surgeons certificate to 
department headquarters and his leave was extended 
twenty days. At the end of tliat time, he reportevi for 
dutv and was ordenxi to meet his reariment in Savannah. 



328 



TlIK >TnRy (,F A TlIuV.^AyD. 



In tht' mt-aiitiiue. a curious liy-play had been enacted 
in the camp of tlu- Tliuusand. Colonel Perkins learned 
next niorninir that l^ieutenant Castle was on the train 
houml North, and the adjutant reported him '-absent 
without li-avc — h'ft W-twecn twi» days. The rt-port was in- 
teniled to mean no doubt, that the lirutenant was absent 
without leave of the conimamlin*: oflicer of the regiment, 
(juite forgetful <jf the faet that he had the express leave of 
(leneral Thomas, in his j)ocket. Col. Perkins, when he 

signed this report had 
pidb:d»ly forgotten Cas- 
tle's statement of the 
night before. <tr «lid not 
consider it a sutticient 
notification of his pur- 
pose to use the leave (»f 
absence, which had fur- 
nished matter for jest for 
a month. He was not 
with the regiment when 
it was received and prob- 
ably knew nothing «tf its 
real character. At all 
events, the morning re- 
port erroneously stated 
that Lieutenant Casth* 
l.iKi 1 \\ 11 I v^Ti.K. was absent without leave. 

It was a very serious t-rror. Colonel Gleason. commanding 
the brigade, calh'd this report to the attention of (Jeneral 
Haird. commanding the division, who thereupon ordered 




Wii.t.iAM H. fAMLE wus Uirn in i;t'n«'va. 0„ May IWI His jmrt-tns 
wiTi' from (■outiecllcut. but rt-moved lo Asbtubiila county, about IKSi. His 
fntbcr was a skilful mechanic : carried on u foundry, mucbinc luid siiw-mill 
business and built tbt* first steam cnirinc successfully o|H-rated in that county- 
The son Krew up in the shop, altende<I the district hchiHil and Kin^fsrilN' 
AejuJemy. I*e enlisted in the Itiftth u« u private; was made 1st Serv'eunl; pni 
moteit to'Jd and 1st Lieutenant, and finally ili*mi*tnl for lUsfrfion. trfiiU h* hail 
in hit itiicktt a Itare itf ah»*nc* from hif lUfiQrtitktnt (',,mmand«r. 



IN PURSUIT OF HOOD. ^29 

that Lieutenant Castle be reported "as a deserter.''' This 
was done, and for the first time, probably, in the history 
of any war, a man having leave of absence from the general 
commanding a department, was recommended for dismis- 
sal as a deserter. When Castle reached Savannah after 
the expiration of his leave, he was ordered in arrest and 
soon afterwards dishonorably dismissed as a deserter. 

This is the story as told by Lieutenant Castle thirty 
years afterwards ; confirmed by papers still in his 
possession, and also, as to its details, by more than thirty 
members of the regiment who were conversant of the facts 
in whole or in part. It happened just at the close of 
the war when the country was too much engaged with 
momentous aflfairs to have room to right the wrongs of a 
poor lieutenant. Almost every officer in the regiment 
petitioned for a reversal of this judgment — a judgment 
rendered without trial or hearing, and without allowing the 
accused even a copy of the charges preferred against 
him. But the authorities were too busy winding up the 
multitudinous affairs of a great war when it reached \Yash- 
ington to pay any heed to such a petition. So the years 
went by and a faithful officer still bears the stigma of hav- 
ing been a deserter. 

Worse thaa that, during all that time, this officer, now 
a deserving citizen, has been unable to obtain from the War 
Department, even a copy of the charges against him ! Over 
and over again, he has applied for it, and over and over 
again, he has been refused. 

This country is a free country, so we boast, but no 
worse tyranny could be found in autocratic Russia than the 
action of the War Department in this matter. The writer 
laid a full statement of the case before the present 



After the war, Lieutenant Castle was for a time a clerk in one of the De- 
partments in Washington: studierl in the Columbian Law School, graduating 
in 1869. The mechanical bent was too strong, however, and he went back to 
his business of machinist : engaged in manufacturing for a time and is now, 
(1895) in charge of the metal work of the Columbian Novelty Co., of Northeast 
Pa. 



330 THE S Tour OF A Tllni'SAyD. 

Secretary of War. (IHIU .'>.. [it.imiiiii .»iil lo him llu- 
injustice of eomlemning a man unheard and then refusing 
him even a eopy of tlie charge sigainst liim. It was to no 
purpose. Tlie only statement ever vouchsafetl. in regard to 
the matter, was that "Lieutenant Castle was reconnuendeti to 
l»e dismissed on account of desertion, by Colonel Perkins, 
Colonel Gleason and (Jeneral Bairti." It is not Welievetl 
that Colonel Perkins recumnu-nded sut-li dismissal. 1 f he 
<lid, it must havf bt-t-n without knowledge of the facts. 
Such ignorance is not unreasonable considering the fact that 
he Would have had only hearsay know letlge of a matter thai 
happened iluring his absence from the regiment, and many 
have judged from the jesting allusions to it. that there was 
something irregular about the leave of absence itself. 

However this may be. the curious fact is presented of an 
ollicer being dismissed the service without trial: without 
being permitted to see a copy of the charges against him, 
and branded as a tleserter when every moment of his 
altsence was actually covcreil by a leave of aVtsence from his 
department commamler. In liie publicatiou of this incident, 
in periodical b.rm. some liUune was laid upon Major 
Edwards. That ollicer promptly wrote: --If I was the 
cause of any injustice to Lieutenant Castle, no elTort (»f 
mine shall be lacking to put the nnitter right." I'poii 
furtln-r examination, it was found that Ctdonel Perkin>« 
haci return»-d to the regiment two or thr«*e ilays before tlii-« 
incident happened, so that no responsibility attaches to 
Major Kdwards for tin- unjust report made of his p«rt"'-'K- 
legal absence. 

It is projM'r. also, to say that the papers in tin- \\ ;u 
Itepartineiit were shown to Lieut. Castle in ISiii!. but he 
was not given a copy nor allowed to make om-. Through 
the inttuence of Major Ktlwards. .<cnalor Cushman K. I>avi)* 
of .Minnesota has taken the matter up and it is probable 
that at suiue time in the future this curious and im doubt 
unintended wrong will be righted. 

.\notlier ineidiiit which occurreil <>n tin- lltli of 
October. wa>^ ehajacteristic of the citi/.en xoldierv of tlie 



m PTJRHUIT OF HOOD. 331 

war of Rebellion. Marching in pursuit of the enemj-. 
the Thousand, after pushing forward from dajlight until 
eleven o'clock, halted in a shady grove to hold an election. 
At that time, Ohio voted for state officers, on the second 
Tuesday of October, and the soldiers of the Thousand were 
still citizens of the Buckeye State, and entitled by law to 
vote for governor and state officers. Captain Cummings 
acted as clerk of the polls and Captain Stambaugh, one of 
the judges of the election, held a haversack, which was 
used as a ballot box. In previous elections a cracker-box 
served that purpose, and in the Presidential election, in 
November following, it was again restored to duty in that 
capacity. The clerk used a medicine-case, borrowed from 
the surgeon, for a desk. When the halt was over, the 
polls were closed and re-opened again on reaching the point 
selected for the camp. The election passed off very quietly. 
The regiment cast 284 votes, all for the "Brough 
ticket," John Brough being the Union candidate for 
governor, though one man scratched Brough's name off 
his ticket. So a traveling election for officers of the 
State of Ohio, was held about five miles beyond AUatoona, 
and along the road, twelve or fifteen miles toward Kingston, 
in the State of Georgia. 



k 



XXVI. 

KKO.M ATLANTA To THE SKA. " 

HNCEFORTH. the Siuiy of tlit- 
Thousand, was tliat <»f a ^reat 
army of pickfd men perfectly 
f(juippe(l, whieli cut loose from its 
base of supplies, witli h-ss than 
trii days" rations, except <»f cotTee, 
su«rar and salt, for a march of two 
hundred miles to the seaJjoard :ii 
Savannah. There were no oVistacles 
to this march worthy of serious 
(•(>n><iih'rali<in. (Iiiieral Beaure- 
gard, who was in command <»f the 
ConfetU'rate Military Department, 
t-mbracint; (ieorgia. Florida. Ala- 
bama and Tennessee, had not troops enou«rh at his disposal if 
they had brcn concentrated at any point, to have offered an)' 
hopifiil opposition. Hut tlu-y wimc not concentrated. Hood 
was on the Itanksof the Tenni'S«.ee. two hundred miles to the 
westw.ird and Taylor at Mobile nearly as far to the s(»uth. 
Tin- only opposition otrercd to Shermans march w:vs the 
ni«'r»' annoyaiuH' of WlicfhT s Cavalry, numbi-rinii alK)ut 
tiv<' thousand mt-n. who hovered about the front and along 
the tlanks of ilu' two great coUnuns, into which his army 
was diviiled. Tlu'V destroyi'd Itridges, captured a few 
fiu"agers and served to keep alive in the minds of the Keil- 
eral soldiery the fact that they had an t'uemy. ^\'itll \\"\'- 
ard on the riixht and Slocuin on the left, covering a front of 
tifty miles in width, tlu- victorious army swept down to the 
sea,' pausing oidy lu-n- and there to cross a river or destroy 

:«2 




FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 333 

a railroad. There was but one question of difficulty con- 
nected with this movement which seemed rather a holiday 
procession than a hostile march through an enemy's country. 
This was the question of supplies. For these the army 
depended almost wholly upon the country through which it 
passed. 

The army of General Sherman on the great march from 
Atlanta, was organized as follows: 

The Eight Wing, commanded b}" Major General 0. O. 
Howard, comprised the Fifteenth Corps, Major-General P. 
J. Osterhaus and the Seventeenth Corps, Major-General 
Frank P. Blair. The Left Wing, commanded by Major- 
General Henry W.Slocum, comprised the Fourteenth Corps, 
Major-General Jefferson C. Davis and the Twentieth Corps. 
Brigadier- General A. S. Williams. The aggregate force of 
infantry was sixty thousand men. The cavalry fifty-five 
hundred men, w^as under command of Brigadier-General 
Judson Kilpatrick. 

The Fourteenth Corps was composed of three divisions: 
the first led by Brigadier-General W. P. Carlin; the second 
by Brigadier-GeneralJames A. Morgan; the third, of which 
the Thousand was a part, b}' Brigadier-General Absalom 
Baird. The Second Brigade of this Division remained the 
same as in the Atlanta campaign, except the Thirtj-fifth 
Ohio, whose term of service had expired. 

For the Thousand and the Division to which it belonged, 
this march really began at Kingston. The writer, there- 
fore, gives instead of an}' description he might attempt, a 
letter-journal of Commissar}' Sergeant William J. Gibson, 
extending over this interval, which was written from day to 
day during the march. In vividness and quaintness, it 
excels any account of the same that has come under the 
writer's notice. 

The view one gets of the commissary himself is a fine 
bit of self-revelation. Our army abounded in such scholarly, 
self -forgetting characters. The chivalry of the North dif- 
fered from that of the South: it was not self-assertive nor 



334 THE SToliV <)F A TJ/niSAXD. 

hoaslfiil. No liaer picture of a voluutt'tT soldier to whom 
war was an aceitleut. n«jt a vocation, could be given than 
this conscientious commissary-sergeant, trudging along 
with the wagons of the brigade, anil mixing up in his jour- 
nal the daily duty of issuing rations and the studies which 
he had sworn never wholly to abandon during his service. 
So we see him reading, with true student-hunger, the strange 
array of Itooks which the hap of war tlirew in his way. and 
recording his impr»'ssions of them with a candor he would 
hardly exhibit now. an<l with a keenness of wlijch no literMiy 
critic neeil be a>ihamed. 

Kingston, (ia.. Nov. 12, 18li4. 
Start altoul 10 \. .\i. in the direction of Atlanta; pa>- 
the last train of convalescents going North. Set fire to tin 
town and commence destroying the railroad as we go; many 
conjectures as to our destination, all fouu led on Tecumseh's 
(Gen. Sherman) remark that he was going to "feed his boys 
on oysters this winter." The romance of seeing '-Old 
(Jtean " and picking up shells on the shore makes the trip 
ratln-r desiralde; anything ft»r a change from this wooden 
country. Pass Cartersville. where much Government prop- 
erty is wantonly destroyed and the town burned. Cross the 
Ktowah and camp two miles south; issue rations in the 
night. 

Nov. l:^ 

In company with Warner (.1. H. ) and Towles ( K. K. , 
pass over Allatoona Heights and view the recent battle-lield. 
I)ay very pleasant and scenery wild. Brigade tears up 
railrt»ad and burns Ackwortli and Mig Shanty. Camp a 
few mill's north of Kem-^aw Mountain road. Head -rn- 
(•(ilji'.i.ii Writings of Charles i.,umb, like them well. 

Nov. 11. 

\ « ly Intsty. The fields are filled with women and 
chihlren, half-naked refugees from their burning homes. 
Think of climbing the mountain, but the task is rather too 
much and 1 retreat. Pass through .>I:irirtta. whii-h is in 
llanus; the railroad destroyed by trodp*. in :id\ante of us. 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 335 

Cross the Chattahoochee at dark and burn the bridge after 
us. Camp near the river. See a great light in front; 
supposed to be Atlanta burning. Read "Harpers Monthly" 
for November. 

Nov. 15. 

Start at daylight and reach the city by noon. All 
smoke, dust, bustle and confusion. Halt on the August 
Railroad, where the Rebs destroyed eighty cars of ammuni- 
tion. Draw rations and clothing, after night-fall. A 
burning city is a never-to-be-forgotten sight. Pick up 
several abandoned books, but none worth carrying save a 
Horace I found upon the porch of an empty house. 

Nov. 16. 

Leave Atlanta (or rather its ashes) at nine A . m. Move 
out through Decatur a distance of nineteen miles; passing 
over McPhersons battle-field and a wild country ravaged by 
cavalry. Leave Stone Mountain to the left. See very few 
citizens. Read "Natural History"; quite read- 
able. Have sweet potatoes, broiled pork, hard bread and 
cofliee for supper; and cornstalks for bed. 

Nov. 17. 

Move at seven; pass through Lithonia, destroying the 
railroad as we go. Take dinner in a rustic, rusty little vil- 
lage called Congers, probably named in honor of Capt. 
Congers of the Revolution, thirty miles from Atlanta. 
The countr}' abounds in sweet potatoes and persimmons. 
Read Shakespeare's "Sonnets." Read Edward Everett's 
Introduction to his Greek Grammar, and of course resolve 
to master Greek some day. Halt at eight p. m. , about 
thirty-six miles, I should think, from Atlanta. Have 
sweet potatoes and fresh pork for supper. 

Nov. 18. 

Reveille at five. Have to abandon two fine volumes of 
Clark's " Commentaries " after reading the Litroduction to 
Joshua. Go with foraging detail ; become a marvel of mud, 
burrs, briars, Spanish needles, etc. Cross a saffron stream 
quite hid in tanglewood, called Yellow River, on a broken 



I 



3:^0 THE sTonr of a tikjvsaxik 

dam. Pass through Oxford, furage an aiilitiuau-^l 4uad- 
ni|x'd yclept '• Hosiuante." ■• fair as the driven snow. ' but 
by no means "fleet as the wings (^t the morning." At- 
tacked by guerilhis; more scared than hurt. Camp one mile 
ea.sl of Covington, a very pretty village of white mansions 
with tinted pillars in front; negro women and children crowd 
around us. and all seem anxious to "go "wid yu'uns. " Forty- 
five miles from Atlanta. Issue rations of cotfee. sugar^ salt 
anil swei't potatoes. 

.\<>\. li<. 

Start at dayl»reak; raining. Mount Rosinante; my 
first da3''s ride in the army: pass through Sandtown. which 
I shall always rememlter for the number of black wttmen 
there. Read • 'Medea of Euripides. " translated Ity Ryron . 
very sentimental it is. Yams alx)und, a watery sort of 
sweet potato: the regular sweet i)otatoes being long and 
slender, and either white or red. the latter the best. Having 
luaichfd tifteen miles: wi-ranip in an <>|>en tifld. 

Nov -Idi. 

Hv a circuitous r<iute pass through Shaily\ale. a sort 
of suburban relic of Southern chivalry: the headquarter^ 
of one Whitfield, who <//</ own 150(1 niggers and 7. Odd 
acres of land: the <»ld nabob is not so rich as he was. Tht- 
cfMintry is rich in forage and lieautiful; but the ilay is too 
dreary to enjoy traveling. March fourteen miles; eat tur- 
nips. R«'ad first chapter Dick's Astronomy. 

Nov. 21. 

The rain rains t-oid. Kat fresh pork and sweet pota- 
tiu's witliout dishes or seasoning, in the rain and cold and 
darkness. Vi- (io<ls. what business has a sophomore in the 
Arniv ? Inti-nst'ly cold; cross Murderers Creek. Uead 
sfcond chapti-r of Pick's Astnuiomy. Travel about twciv*- 
miles witliont anytiiing of inli rest. 

N.n. l-l. 

A few drops of snow. S<'e a garden of ■ retl, ntl 
roses." March six miles anil camp on what is said to l)e 
Howell Cobb s plantation, within tight miles of .Nlillcdge- 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 337 

\\\\e. Find plenty of potatoes, sorghum, salt and peanuts. 
Have fiesh pork and chicken for supper. Bat some per- 
simmons so rich and sweet, a score quite satisfied my 
appetite. Third cliapter of Dick's Astronomy. 

Nov. 23. 

Start early; did not see General Cobb's mansion; the 
other buildings are burned. The morning is beautiful: so 
is the country. Arrive at the Capital about four p. M. 
Rather a mean town, little better than Ashtabula; State 
House a great square foundry concern ; tipsy officers hold 
a mock legislature and pass some remarkable laws. Issue 
beef. Read Plutarch's Agesilaus. 

Nov. 24. 

Lay in camp. Wash and mend a little. Read a chap- 
ter in Disraelis "Curiosities of Literature. Like it well. 
Issue beef, bake peanuts and make a supper of them. 

Nov. 25. 

March at six across the Oconee on a long, covered bridge, 
which is soon after burned by the Third Brigade. Lend 
Bucephalus to go foraging. Cross Buffalo Creek at a 
pretty mill-pond with an island in it. Country more hilly 
and pitch-pine larger. Read a review of Grote's "Greece" in 
the London Quarterly. Weather pleasant and sky blue. 
Am in good spirits for a lone soldier. 

Nov. 26. 

Start at daylight; country very swampy; mile-posts 
marked with notches, so that niggers can read them. Many 
cotton plantations with their large " Gin-houses "' and 
towering long-armed presses like so many great overgrown 
cider-mills. Cross Town and Gum creeks almost lost in 
swamps. Camp near Sandisville, a very ordinary little 
town with a Grecian court-house and a monument to 
Colonel Irwin of the Revolution. March fifteen miles. Issue 
potatoes and beef. Read about the London police. Make 
a pot of mush. 

Nov. 27. 

Start at 6.30. Cross Williamson Creek and the Ogee- 



■SAH TIIH •^I'lliY i>F A TIwrsAXD. 

rlicH' RiviT, a Nleiuler stivaui witli a laonstnms luni; Vtrid^rt' 
Kiiul Iwo Itottli's of flioice wiiu* Imi-ifd in a jjanU'ii. See U>v 
the first time a live oak (c-alltHl a water oak l»y tlu' nativesn 
a luajestio lookin«j: everjrreeii, mueli usetl in sliip-huihliui:. 
Pass tile Harrison plantation: destroy a vast amount of cot- 
ton, wine, Hrussels carpt'ts. malioir:tny furniture, china wan-, 
silver plate. I'te.. etc.. of untohl vahu-. Thi- owner lia«l just 
sent tliem from Savannali to his country residt-iu-c f'nr sii/> 
hrpini/. Read some in Story's •• K(juity Jurisprudence ; 
nearly half Laiin. Maicli -^ixtiMMi miles anil caniji in prairie 
jir:i^-> Nsiii- iiiiittoii 

N..V. 2s 
hay vi-ry pK-asant: Ijut road nearly knee-dt*ep witli 
sand, marchinjr very laltorious. .*^ee the first tar-pit: :i 
very simple concern; I could make one myself. Kosinantr 
proves to lu' a very rou«rh trotter. Our division detained :: 
lonir time in pontoonin*; Uocky Comfort ('reck. Passst-tl 
thn»u«rh Louisville, which is sacked and most of it burned. 
Head sketches of Hawthorne. Holmes and Kmerson in the 
••Cyclopedia of Ameriean Literature." a very neatly gotten 
up book with portraits, autographs and samples of thei: 
writing. March about six miles and camp in corn stubble. 

Nov. 2rt. 

Said to lie skirmishing nine miles ahead. Kxamiiic 
some (jueer specimens of hanging moss: silken drapery <'t 
natun-'s own knitting, which drops five and six feet from 
the boughs on wliicli it grows: it is silver gray, very soft 
and much used in making cushions: it gives the oak a ver\ 
hoarv. weird api>earaiice. Feel vexetl alK»ut my old sa<ldle. 
•which the Colonel ha-* just given to some shoulder-straps, 
and then vexed more to think so small a matter should vi-x 
me at all. Head some in •• Lalla HtM»kli.'" whii^li (juite con- 
founds with Itombastic iiann-s and metaphors, yet has a 
strange dreaminess alKMit it that is quite enchanting. Issue 
me;d '.horts. cotFet", l»e»'f. fresh pork and yams. Spend 
much of the day in culinary op«iations. !>«» not march. 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 3B9 

Nov. 80. 

Trade Rosinante tor a venerable steed whom I shall 
call Bucephalus, out of respect for his gray hairs. Much 
noise but little damage on the picket Ime. Read three 
chapters in D'Israeli— his prejudices are as offensive as his 
learning is marvelous; think him a man of more acumen 
than comprehension. Read five pages of Lalla Rookh. 
Move one-half mile and issue meal and flour. 

Dec. 1 

So warm, the shade is quite welcome. Start at ten; 
skirmish witli the enem3''s cavalry. Pass some pretty little 
takes. The woods so full of evergreens we quite forget 
winter. Can but admire the hanging moss, waving like 
drapery. Beauregard ordered all forage burned before us, 
which is not very easy, much of the corn being still on the 
stalk. March eleven miles and camp "among the pines." 
Sleep under the wagon on corn stalks, with merely a "sack" 
and two blankets. Oh, winter, blessed be thy sunny side! 
Read Knickerbocker. 

Dec. 2. 

Move at daylight; atmosphere quite heavy, but soon 
clears up. Pass vast quantities of corn in cribs and cotton 
in gin-houses. Cross Rock Creek, change our direction 
southward; march about fifteen miles; issue meal, pork and 
potatoes. Read some of tlie " Blue Laws " by which a man 
is severely punished for kissing his wife on Sunday. Also 
read Thompson's "Seasons;" don't much like it. 

Dec. 3. 

Start at seven; take the wrong road and several 
tailes out of the ^ny. Eat black haws and " Buckberries," 
as the darkies call them, but think they are merely 
a species of huckleberries. Read " Historical Magazine. " 
One of our regiment finds a reb hid in a cellar with a box 
of gold coin and watch. Have a good chance to study Kill- 
patrick's angular features; don't much like them. Pass 
illimitable fields of unhusked corn. March about ten miles 
and camp by railroad which is torn up and burned. Issue 
fresh pork and potatoes. Heavy rain in evening. 



:;-»<• 77/A - / "/: i "t i ///"/ -,i.\/' 

Dec. 4. 

All a liltif i-liilly. I'ij^lil al W...... .:.». four luili-s 

to tin* nortli. (Jur division moves :in»uii<l that way. leavinir 
the Wilsons l»eliin«l; stay witli tlie latter, and d<» nut move 
till tliree «>'cloek. Head in •• C'velopeilia of American Liter- 
ature"; like it wi'll. Pass through Alexandria — tritfnnit 
htintf rniixrinim nf it. Mareli tWi'lve miles and itimp in a 
eorntieKI. Issue m«-'l •■"■l !."''''>'~ U'k'- vnn^ hy layinir 
them before the tiri 

lU-e. .'). 

Start at »layliglil. • Tim- li..,.. all the way; scarce 

an<»ther tree to Ik' seen. See some iH'autiful live i»aks and 
Itlack willows urrowin«r in diM»r yards; they lo<»k like mam- 
moth apple trees. See for the first time •• jrrass-nuts. " not 
unlike wilted Weans, and tasting like l»eech-Dnts; they are 
sown hroad'-ast and used to feed Iiolts. See what the Hoos- 
iers called a •• wolf-den liut did not see its iK'CU|tant. 
Read ••Tilu> Andronicu-s. Man-h eightt-en miles and 
camp in the «'dge of a woo«l. Issue jxitatoes. U-ef ami one 
i.,.y ..f I,.,,- II. .■..•,. I w.. ,;..../ .;.,.. / ;„rf Atlnnln. 

Dec. C 

Make a lireaklasl ot pt-auuls. March at »'i<rht. C'i-o>s 
a cre«'k that, for aughl I coidti learn, is anonymous. Si'e 
an old shanty, said to have been the headquai ters of (Jen- 
eral Washinirton at t»ne time; n«>w it is Killpatricks. (Jot 
tjuite int«'rested in Spencer's •' Faerie t^ueene. " a little ob 
scure on a<'count of its obs«»lete words an«l t|ueer orthogra 
pliy. .NIarch sixteen miles without seeing anything notr 
worthy, ("amp in a dense forest within two and one-hall 
miles of the Savannah lUxt-r. Issue potatoe*.. mutton 
and beef. 

De, 7 

.NIanli al daylireak. See >onie strange speciniens ot 
giant i-actus. calle«l ■■ Spanish dagg»'rs ' by some, and 'pal- 
metto ' by othei-s; on top of a knotty stem ten or twelvr fe«'t 
high is a rlunip of overgniwn llag-wee«l without lindi or twig 
to disiiutriiish it ax tre»\ Also-t-r some wiM hollirs. a v«rv 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 341 

pretty bush with little clusters of red berries strung like 
beads along its leafless tendrils. Bucephalus and I came 
near being run over by a malicious wagon. Read in ' 'Faerie 
Queen' and " Timon of Athens." March fourteen miles 
and camp in a thicket. Prepare for bed, and get orders to 
march immediately. Raining in torrents; road through a 
dismal swamp, down, down, down among alligators, mules, 
niggers and inky darkness. Is hell worse? " Neigh, " sa3's 
Bucephalus, as he flounders chin deep in the mire. Toward 
morning it clears up. We plod on in silence, for such a 
march makes one sullen. Gaze at the bewildered stars 
through pines two hundred feet high, and wonder why the 
crazy moon will set in the southeast. Come up with the 
regiment about daylight. Marched during the night al)out 
eight miles. Issue potatoes. 

Dec. 8. 
Pull out at sunrise ; delayed some hours by bad roads; 
skirmish with rebs in our rear. First Division fortify and 
seta trap for the '-Johnnies." See for the first time a 
palm-leaf plant, with its stella-form leaves growing just as 
it is made into fans. Read Cyclopedia of American 
Literature. Cross Black River near where rebel gun-boat 
has been shelling during the day. Pass near Washington's 
Brick Church Hospital, built in 1769 and called '-Ebenezer, '" 
also old Fort Maiion on the bank of the Savannah. 

Dec. 9. 
Move at 8 a. m. ; go to butcher beef but conclude not 
to take any, it is so abominably poor. Change to another 
road farther south. Air quite cool with a strong east wmd. 
Hear heavy cannonading, far to the south-east, supposed to 
be our fleet otT Savannah. Country very poor and forage 
scarce. Found a black child two years old, abandoned in 
the woods. March eight miles ; issue potatoes, hard bread 
and bacon. Read just enough in "The Joker" to keep from 
breaking my motto, "Nulla dies sine linea. "" or several of 
them. 



a42 TJIK STiiRY <>F A T HOI'S AX D. 

l>t'C-.H) . 
Tlu' Ikivs lirinjr in a lot «»f rice on the stalk to fet'd 
their horses. It reseniltU-s oats wore than any other grain 
I can think of. Head some in Haiulet with Johnson's 
notes. l>on t tliink nuuh <jf the oKl U-xicoirrapher as a 
judge of poetry. Start at nine . jniss reU-l •• Lunette "' (a 
half a fort) in a dense f<»rest. Miuii indignation is felt 
against (leneral Jetferson <". lt:ivis for allowing a host of 
black women and children to foll<»w us several days, and 
then alia/itloning them on the north liank of the Hlack river 
wlitu- many wt-re ufti-i \v;irds kille<l hy iidiuman guerillas. 
Our brigade goes down to destroy the Charleston anil 
Savannah railroad bridge ov»m- the Savannah river, two and 
a half miles fioin tjic loaii. 1 stay with the wagons : 
forage some corn and issue sonu- jiotatoes. Sleep in "the 
rain, the rain, the pleasant rain." with every opportunity 
for observing its pleasantries, but without ailmiring one of 
them ; so different is the poetical conception from the 
practical application of such matters. 

I>.c. 11 
Said to be Sunday. lUiild a [lini'-knol lire to dry the 
blankets. H«'ad "Faerie (^uecne. " but find nothing of 
Titania: Spencers fairic-- sci-m ttt be matters in which Hixxl 
or Shakespeare would see no poetry at all. See an orange 
tree with its thick, double leaves, the first like a heart, the 
second oblon<_'. Caltbages very large, high as a man s head 
and four feel across. (The writer evidently refers to the 
southern vegetable known as -('ollards. ) Pass through a 
line cypress sw.amp where many "<iovernment ' cattle wen- 
mired. The cypress is a beautiful tree with a smooth white 
•-haft, liiick at th«' ground and tapering to a wai">t. the 
s|)ray more delii-ati- than tlu- elm which it much resem- 
bles, and the liml)S all fringed and tassled with hanging 
moss; it is (piile fairy like luit what is oildest are the 
stump like root>. stu-king up in all directions, and calle<I 
•knees: these it seems, without bud or sign of life, 
finallv develop into trees. March three miles and «-amp 
within leu miles ..f Savainiali U>nc beef. 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 343 

Dec. 12. 
Go down to see the Savannah river for the first time. 
It is somewhat broader than the Ohio at Cincinnati but not 
so clear, and is almost on a level with the surrounding 
country ; at this point it rises and falls about five feet with 
the tide ; the banks are lined with the grandest forest 
trees 1 ever saw. Opposite is a rice plantation of 13,000 
acres with its dikes, dams, canals etc., for irrigation (for 
they say rice has to be kept under water six weeks after 
planting, and then is cultivated in hills or rows like corn). 
The canals are filled at the spring-tide. The plantation is 
nearly one hundred years old, and its owner, James Potter, 
is reputed to be worth $3,000,000 ; there are now acres of 
rice in stacks which is being used for forage and the mills 
are run by the soldiers. Seven miles down the river are the 
steeples of Savannah, but alas for my poor sight, I could 
not see them! In front are the boundless swamps of South 
Carolina, the mother of treason. Read Richard III. Do 
not remember reading of that villainous Gloster before. 
Trade Bucephalus for a mule. Move half a mile to guard 
Baird's Headquarters. Issue beef and think of old times. 

Dec. 13. 
Move forward and to the right, about four miles on a 
line with the other .troops ; road through a quicksand 
swamp. Country poor no chance to forage ; much 
complaining from hunger which is more imaginary than 
real ; spirits fluctuate, alternately "sailing on high seas' 
and "sinking in deep waters;" a beautiful sight, makes 
me glad I live to see it ; then military annoyances make 
life burthensome ; anon am seated in my library at home 
teaching Iris to read. Read more of the perfidy of Gloster 
and frailty of Anne ; they are equally detestable. Issue 
one-fourth rations of hard-bread and one-half sugar and 
coffee, beef and bacon. 

Dec. 14. 
Have black peas and biscuit for breakfast. Go back 
to the rice mills for forage and admire again the grand old 



i 



'M4 TJ/K >TOin' OF A THULSAyD. 

livf (ciks. «»ii»' of which lueusures eight feet tiiroiigh the 
Im»i1\. forty feet liigli ami branches extend laterally 120 feet. 
This vast iinj>enetral»le canopy is deep green on the outside, 
hut lieneath is gray witli clusters of moss hanging every- 
where like massive icicles. No w«)nder th*- l>ruids 
worshiped the oak and peopled it with wo<.d nymphs. 
There are hundreds of these oaken monarchs in one grove, 
and liy its side is the most beautiful sheet of silvery water 
1 ever beheld, fringed by a thin riblntn of red and yellow 
willows. Head some of Disraeli's plausible Kttphistry. 

Issue Iteef. 

l»ec. 1."). 

Wiite a letter home, the tirst f<>r :!7 days ; mail a J")!) 
boMil ; write a letter to .>I;iI\. K. ;i,i !» Uni.-li > • I'iiilns. 
<»phy of Proverbs. Like it tip-lop . one phrase struck me 
as line, if not original ; •• When oui ancestors livetl more 
than ourselves among the work>^ of (Jod. an<i less among 
those of men. Cowpt-r has nearly the same: ••Man 

made the city, but (lod made the country. " Issue one- 
fourth ralioii> of liani bnad. iialf of sugar, cotfee. pepprr. 
salt and soap. and full rations of beef and bacon. 

I>ec. lb. 

Our Urigadf goes foraging with eighty-three wagons. 
.>lake a detour to the south and west of Savannah and i-rt)ss 
what is calleil •• liig Ogeechee " (probably only the big end 
of it) at King's IJriilge. nine mile> above Fort .^^cAIIister. 
See two dispatch-itoats latlen with mail . Large rice plantation 
along the river. Country very low and h-vel. Head N, V. 
Herald of hciendier s. tin- tirst n»'wspaper for more than a 
month ("amp two miles south of the river, having marched 
about twtnt\ iniU's 

l>.r 17 

Rations -plaN out in conse«p>ence of having to go 
farther than we expei^ted. Mule and I start hungry : 
move 8outli-east alioiit eighteen miles and camp near station 
No. Pi, on the Savannah and (iulf Railroad. (i»» two miles 
for potatoes, coming back with a wagon in the dark, break 



FROM ATLANTA TO THE SEA. 345 

through a pole-bridge, headlong into the water : swear a 
little, to be militar}-. Get a pocketful of hickory-nuts. 
Read old rebel paper. 

Dec. 18. 

Move at eight; pass Midway church. Regiment halts; 
I and a few others go on foraging. We pass three 
miles south of Riceboro (nearly fifty miles from Savannah) 
and load up with potatoes. Country so low and near the 
coast, it is nearly all overflowed at high tide. See some 
very large black willows, thin branches covered with 
mistletoe ; the}' might easily ))e mistaken for live oak. 
Learn the name of an evergreen vine that entwines the 
bodies and tangles tops of nearly every tree in this country, 
"muscadine.'' Also, see an intensely green tree called 
wild olive. Read a quaint account of the Katydid, illus- 
trated with cuts that would make Katy laugh to toehold. 
Camp on what is called "Jackson's Breastworks.'' 

Dec. 19. 

Start at sunrise for camp ; the train having ali-eady 
loaded and returned. See a l)lack snake six feet long which 
some of the boys have just killed. Have occasion to notice 
a specimen of sugar cane which is buried over winter and 
grows from the joints in the spring and is very large. This 
country, though now an impenetrable swamp, seems to have 
been tilled at some time. The woods are full of canals and 
other signs of rice culture. Recross the Ogeechee and 
camp in the woods about a mile north of it ; at night, build 
a large fire of yellow pine and read many entertaining things 
in the " Museum,' a very readable book found in Riceboro. 
Have a social chat with Colonel Perkins for the first time 
since enlistment. 

Dec. 20. 

Start at half past five ; take the wrong road and 
countermarch a second time ; enough to make Gabriel 
swear, let alone a tired soldier. Finally run the 
"blockade" where rebel batteries are in plain sight, but 
luckily do not molest us ; hear what is said to be the " roar 



34t) TlIK STOnr OF A JJ/oLSAyjt. 

of ail uHiijator hut tlid not see the beast himself, arrive 

in earap about noun. Fiinl two letters from h«tme, the tirst 

in forty tlavs; feel disappointiMl that there are no more. 

I>ra\v and issue rations of hanl-iiread. baeon. riee. eoffef 

and salt. Make a recjuisition for on»' pair of pants, one 

pair shoes, two pairs of soeks. two shirts, timlon*' hal. Read 

Harper 

l>t'e. L'l. 

.swcci poUiiiM-^. iiiiihis^c-. ami rut- lor breakfast. 
|ii;iw and issue rations nearly all day lon^r. Kvery prepar- 
ation is iiiailf to move into the tity. but we i;et no orders. 
Head one sentence in Museum uuitli rememberinjr ; • He 
deserves to Ite bi-aten. \\h<» wlii|t- nature in a boy for a 
fault .\t uiL'lit have a small latly party. (Iriml some 

ri»-e on a pair of i^rist mill Iturrs turned Ity hand, and 
wonder at the stupidity which invented such a neo:ro-killin<r 

concern. 

Dee. 22. 

Pack up a«:ain to iro to the city, but do not start 
till noon. I'a-s live very lar»re cannons which the ••rebs" 
abaniloued in their lia-.te. Camp a mile from town and the 
bovs proceed to liuild winter (piurters. Take a ridethroufih 
the citv. See Pulaski s monumt-nt ; am favorably im- 
pressed with the city all around. (i<» to the river ami see 
I'liitetl Stsites Transport. Canonicus. and .Major-(Jeneral 
Osterhaus. commanding the Fifteenth Corps : also a pn-cious 
llittle cheese that one of the Itoys had just Iniuiiht for$4Ul 
I'hilanthropic irentlemen from New Yi»rk are retailiuir ap- 
ples at thiitif cfiifn II jn'irt .' 1 t an t reuiember when 1 saw- 
apples or cheese before. Head four chapters in \'icar of 
Wakelicid Wish | could writt' my own experience half as 
truthfully as this seems to b*- «;iven. 

This wish the writiT well fultilled ax this extract froni 
Ills journal shows. 



XXVII. 

THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD. 



T WAS, indeed, a merry Christ- 
mas for the men of the ' ' Lost 
Army." The great march was 
ended. The .\rmy of the West 
had come down to the sea. Hood, 
whom Sherman had jocnlarly 
offered to "furnish with rations if 
he would go into Tennessee," had 
been overwhelmed and destroyed 
by our old commander, Thomas, 
since we had heard from the 
world without. For nearly two 
months the army of Sherman had 
been lost. Neither messenger nor 
dispatch had come through the circling crowd of enemies to 
tell of their progress or hopes. Only through Confederate 
newspapers had the world heard of the ninety thousand men 
who were marching under the soughing pines of Georgia, 
until Sherman sent his famous dispatch to Lincoln which 
set the joy-bells of the North ringing again : 

"I beg to present you as a Christmas gift the city of 
Savannah, with one hundred and fifty heavy guns and 
plenty of ammunition, and also about twenty-five thousand 
bales of cotton." 

To this laconic message. President Lincoln replied : 

347 




348 rut: >1(ii:y <>f a tikiisamk 

K X KC r T I \ K M A N S I ( t N . 

\\ahiiin<;tu.\. I>. ('.. lUHviuhtM- 2<i. 18«i4. 
Mv l>K vK (Jknkkai, Siikrman : 

Many, laaiiy tliank< for voiir ( 'liii-«lma> irift — tin- 
captiiiv of Savannah. 

When you wvw aWout to leave Atlanta for tlu- 
Atlantic coast. I was anxious, if not fearful : hut feelini: 
you were the lietter ju(l»re. and renieniherin»r that ••nothini: 
risketi. notliin>; gained." I diil n(»t interfere. Now. the 
unilertakino: heinj; a success, the Imnor is all yours, fni I 
hj'lieve none of ns went farther than to acquiesce. And 
takin*: the work of (Jeneral Thonias into the count, as it 
slmnlil he taken, it is imleed a irreat success. 

'•Not only does it atr(»rd the ohvious and immediate 
luilitarv .-idvantajres. hut in showing t«» the worhl that your 
army could he divided. |>uttin«r the stnMijrt'T part to an ini- 
poitant new service. an<l yet leavino: en«>u«j:h to vaniiuish 
the old opposinti f< trees of the whole — Hoods army — it 
hrings those who sat in darkness to see a <rreat light. 

'• Hut what next? I suppose it will lie safe if I h'a\<- 
General (Jrant anti your>i'lf to <lecide. 

••I'lease make my trrati'ful acknow lcil'_riiiiiii- to vnm 
whole army, ollicers ami men. 

Yours m(>st 11 iii\ 

A IJ.NCOLN 

This Lrraphif nummary »»f the results of the campaign 
is from the |)cn of a >latr-oflicer of (ieneral Sherman : * 

'■Tin- army marched over three iiun<lred miles in 
twentv-four days directly through the lu-art of Georgia. 
an<l reached the sea with sidtsistenc*' trains ahno-t unhiokeii. 
In the entire command. li\e oHici-rs and and fifty-eight men 
were killed, thirteen ollicers and two hnmlred and thirty-two 
men wounded, and one cllicer and two hundred and fifty 
eight men missirg. making a total list of casualties «tf hut 
nineteen commissioned ollicers and five hundred and forty- 
eight enlisted iiu'ii. or tivc hundred and sixty. s«'ven of all 
ranks. ."seventy si\ en o||i(^•I•■^ anti twelvt- inmdi'ed and 
sixty-«»ne men of the Confeiierate army, or thirteen hundred 
an<l thirty eight in all were made prisoniTs Ten thousand 
uejjroes left I he |llantation•^ of their former masters and 



*Sh('rniiin iiikI his i-iinipuliriut. by Coioiicl 8. \V. Itowinnn unit LiPUU'Dim' 
Colonel K H. Irwin 



THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD. 



349 



accompanied the column when it reached Savannah, with- 
out taking note of thousands more who joined the army, 
but from various causes had to leave it at different points. 
Over twenty thousand bales of cotton were burned, besides 
the twenty-five thousand captured at Savannah. Thirteen 




Captain R. G. Morgaridge. 

thousand head of beef-cattle, nine million five hundred 
thousand pounds of corn, and ten million five hundred 
thousand of fodder, were taken from the country, and 
issued to the troops and animals. The men lived mostly on 



Reuben George Mobgaridge was born in Morgan Co., O., May 1, 1838. 
He was attending school at Conneaut, O., when the war broke out, and on 
August 2, 1862, he abandoned his books and enlisted as a private in the 105th, 
being mustered in as a corporal, and was promoted successively to 1st Sergt. , 



■J III: -/<>/,')■ OF A T/JOrSAND. 

.sheep, lio^s. luikv.- _» - -i-. chickens, sweet potatoes, and 
rice, gatluTcd by tlie foragers from the phmtations along 
the route of each days march. Sixty thousand men taking 
merely of the surplus which fell in their way as they 
marciied rapidly on the main roads, suhsisted for three 
weeks in the very country where the I'nion prisoners at 
Andersonville were starved to death or idiocy. Five 
tli«)Usand horses and four thousand mules were impressed 
for the cavalry and trains. Three hundred and twenty 
miles of railway were destroyed, and the last remaining 
links of communication between the {'<»nfe«lerate armies in 
\'irginia and the West etfectually severed, liy Imrning every 
tie. twisting every rail while heate<l red hot over the tiamiug 
piles of lies, and laying in ruin every jlei»ot. engine house, 
repair shop, water tank and turn-talile. 

•From the time that the army left Atlanta, until it 
arrived liefore Savannali. n(»t one word of intelligence wa> 
received by the government or people except through tin- 
Confederate newspapers, of its whereabouts, movements or 
fate, and it was not until Sherman had emerged fr()m tin- 
retrion lying between Augusta and Macon, and reacheil 
Milton, that the authorities and the press of the I'onfinler- 
acy were able to make up their minds as to the direction of 
■ his march. 

•• .^Iarching in four columns. «»n a front of thirty miles, 
each column masked in all directions liy clouds of 
skirmishers, Sherman was enabled to continue till the la-t 
to lui-nace so many points, each in such f«»rce that it w:i- 
inipossjlile for the enemy to decide whether Augusta. 
Maeon. or Savannah, were his immediate objective; tin- 
(Jidf or the .\tlantic his destination, tlie Flint, the Oconee. 
the Ogeechee. or tin- Savannah his route: or what hi- 
ulterior design. " 

Thi< is what Sherman, himself, says in his report "t 
the army he cctmnianded. of whieh our Thousaiul — long sin< c 
no more a thousand — was a part : 



M Lieut.. \fl Lifut.. Hud Captain. Hi.<> sitvIco was Utoniicnl vith thut of th' 
rt'itiiiivnt, n." he wu.* with it iliirintr lt.« «'iitit* tfn« nf st-rvlct'. On beliii: 
inusti>rt><l nut. he n>stin)e«l hi.« sttulies unil irrnduateil nt KiiMman Biisine*<^ 
I'olleife. I'«>uKhkee|wle. N. Y., the fulUiwiui; year. Dnrlmr the oil excit«-nieiu 
he wii> ut Simnibiin;, Pitlu>le and Miller Farm. si>rv'lnK a^ I>i>>t Master at thi- 
latter pluee. In lH7t) he n)ovv<l to Tltu.svllle. n-malDini; then- three .veiip- 
KoiDiT thence to Corry where he \ms since re>UI»Hl. U-lntr enKnufi In the cloth 
U\tt anfl (uml>hlnj{ bu>ilne*>. 



THE GUIDONS POINT NORTHWARD. 



351 



"As to the rank and file, they set^m so full of confi- 
dence in themselves, that 1 doubt if they want a compliment 
from me; but I must do them the justice to say that, 
whether called on to fight, to inarch, to wade streams, to 
make roads, clear out obstructions, build bridges, make 
'corduroy.' or tear up railroads, they have done it with 

alacrity and a degree 
of cheerfulness un- 
surpassed. A little 
loose in foraging, 
they 'did some things 
they ought not to 
have done,' j^et, on 
the whole, they have 
supplied the wants 
of the army with as 
little violence as 
could be expected, 
and as little loss as 
I calculated. Some 
of these foraging 
parties had encoun- 
ters with the enemy 
which would in 
ordinary times rank 
ns respectable bat- 
1 les. 

• ' The behavior of 
our troops in Savan- 
nah has been so man- 
Sergt. M. a. Teachout. ly, so quiet, so per- 

fect, that I take it as the best evidence of discipline and 
true courage. Never was a hostile city, filled with women 
and children, occupied by a large army with less disorder, 
or more system, order, and good government. The same 
general and generous spirit of confidence and good feeling 
pervades the army which it has ever afforded me especial 
pleasure to report on former occasions."' 




Marshall A. Teachout was born in Royalton, Cuyahoga Co., April 12- 
1842. When enlisted as private in Co. D, 105th,Aug.l2,1862.he was employed as 
clerk in his father's store. He participated in all the campaigns, marches and 
battles in which the regiment was engaged except the battle of Missionary 
Ridge, having been wounded in the left thigh at the battle of Chickamauga, 
was in the hospital at Nashville. Tenn.. at that time; was made sergeant of 
he Company on the 16th day of February, 1864: was taken prisoner with oth- 



3.V2 THE STnliY <>F A TUol'SAyD. 

TIk- lialt in Savannah .vas merely tliat of a giant 
waiting t4> catch liis breath Wetween twn great etTorts. The 
tleet which hiv in waiting brought suiJpHes of all kinds in 
lavish profusion. The great War Secretary. Stanton, came 
• lowii to c<»nfer with tlie victorious leatler. Tin- new depart- 
ment of the South was created. Sherman was given com- 
mand from the (tulf to A'irginia: from the Mississippi to 
the sea. He only paiLsed to arrange f«ir its orderly control: 
to have Schofields army (»f the Ohio sent around to 
New Berne N. (' . and then, at the head of his exultant 
host, he turned his course nortiiwaid to pt-rforni the other 
half of his gr«'at undertaking ami place hi> command in 
touch with the left wing of (I rant s army. On the VlX\\ of 
Kebiuary the march liegan. It was the rainy season and 
tiircf hundred miles of swamp and lagoon, with a score of 
swollen rivers, lay iK-tween then) and their destination. A 
w:i>. more aU-rt eiuMuy. the army of (Jeneral Joseph V4. John- 
ston, was again in their front and on their tiank. What <lid 
these things matter ? They were Sherman's soldiers elated 
with tlie m< inoiit-. of victories achieved an<l nlisitades over- 
come 



ere l>y John Morjran wbile on u foru»riii»;)-.xi'HHlition under command o( Captain 
i'untleld, Jan. 'Jl. ix6:<: wa.s paroled at .McMinnvlUe and relumed at once to 
the retflment. At close of the war he was employe<i as clerk in store at Pains- 
ville; went to McMinnville. Tenn.. in I><63. and remaine*! there and at Chat - 
tanuoK'a six years; entfat;ed inthelumlier and hartlware business mo-t of the 
time since IWW. Present address, Columbus. O. 



XXVIIl. 




OUR FORAGERS. 

]HE method of collecting supplies 
on, this march has given rise to 
the most acrimonious discussion 
connected with the history of the 
war. 

The consideration of this 
question has been seriously 
complicated b}' the personal 
feeling and bias of those who 
have written in regard to it. The ex-Confederates have 
generally pictured "Sherman's bummers" as little less 
than fiends incarnate, and insisted that the unnecessary and 
wholly unjustifiable destruction of private property, 
especially in the State of South Carolina, left an inefface- 
able stain upon the Federal soldier as a wilful and reckless 
violator of the rules of civilized warfare. It must be 
admitted that the camp-fire tales to which the people of the 
North have listened for a generation, have very often been 
of a character to support this view. 

To state the matter fairly, the following questions 
arise : 

1. What is the right of an invading force with regard 
to the private property of the country through which it 
passes ? 

2. Did our army overstep the limitations imposed by 
the rules of civilized warfare and to what extent ? 

3. If so, where does the responsibility for such 
excesses rest ? 

353 



THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 



Tiie fuiagf ck'Uiils were made up of two men from each 
company, under cimrge of a sergeant from each regiment 
and a com missioned officer from each brigade. These 
numlx-rs were from time to time increased l»v voluntary 
accessions and after a while, the details were made perman- 
ent and tlie men were allowed to mount themselves by the 
seizure of such mules and horses as they might require. 
Tlie operations «»f these foragers, or :u> thty are more usually 

termed "bum- 
mers." were a 
most important 
part of this cam- 
paign, not <»nly 
as a means of 
support for I lie 
army, but also 
from the etrwt 
they had in dis- 
heartening the 
enemy and pro- 
ve n t i n g th«' 
country tlirougli 
which the army 
passed from fur- 
nishing men and 
-iipplies to ctin- 
' tinue the war 

This whole re- 
LiKiT. \N M. H roKHis. 
In c-oramanil of KoruKt-rs of the Thou-sand. g«>'», e X e m p t 

from the effects of war, had been a fruitful field from 
which supplies had Ikhmi furnished to the (\)nfederate 
.\rmy. .^fter this march the Confederacy was cut m 
twain fri>m the TennesscH' river to the ocean by a barren 
-wath sixty miles wide, over which, as a witty Southern 
Ulan expressed it, -if a cn»w tlew he would have to carry 
his rations. '" 




UJi FOE A GEES. 355 

The consideration of this matter cannot be avoided in 
a work of this character. It might be supposed that the 
writer would simply declare that what was done was either 
necessary or unavoidable, and, therefore, excusable. This 
is the general course adopted by those who have written 
from the standpoint of the Northern soldier. He is unable 
to do so. Though yielding to none in devotion to the 
cause for which we fought, and proud of the character 
of the citizen-soldiery who composed this army, he lived for 
fifteen years after the close of the war, on the edge of 
the path it made ; was acquainted with hundreds of 
families whom the "bummers" visited, and has heard, be- 
side many a hospitable hearth, the story of their deeds. 
These tales cannot be questioned ; indeed, they are 
irrefutably confirmed by every journal, of that march, now 
in the writers possession. They made the listener's face 
grow hot with shame — shame for the very men of whom he 
was most proud, the very cause in which he most exulted, 
the very people to whose civilization he looked with highest 
hope for the future. That some of those who suffered 
became implacable haters of the whole people whose army 
brought the pillagers to their doors, he cannot wonder ; 
that b}' far the greater number looked back upon it with 
quaint forbearance as an inevitable misfortune of warfare, 
is not easy to explain ; while the fact that the Northern 
soldier has come to regard it and to speak of it at his 
re-unions, as a jest, rather grim and rough, but more 
comical than otherwise, is to him a matter of great surprise. 
He believes that very little blame attaches to the men of 
Sherman's army for these excesses. There are bad, rough 
spirits in every army, and these natural!}^ sought the oppor- 
tunity for license which the forager's duty offered, but if 
there had been, on the part of the commanding oflScer, a 
disposition to prevent such excesses, this class of men 
would have been prevented from securing place, on such 
details. 



35G THE STORY i>F A TJKH'SAyiJ. 

So far as tlic Thousaiul i.s fouceriK*(l, tlie writer is 
happy to say that its colonel did all iu his power to prevent 
the coarser anil ruder spirits in his command from l)ecominsy 
tlie dtnuiuant element in such details and assigned to the 
command of the same, an officer es|>ecially markeil for his 
sense of right, his religious cliaracter and ohligation. 
Lieutenant W. H. Forbis was the leader of the regimentiil 
prayer-meeting and the chief of our foragers, from the third 
ihiy after wi' k-ft Atlanta till the array reached Ooldsl>orough. 
North Carolina, and resumed the normal method of supply 
Ity wagon. trains which brought the pungent bacon and 
luscious hanl-tuck. Fortunat«'ly he is still in the land of 
the living ; th«' writer asked him to give an account of 
the foragers under his command, ami leaves him to tell his 
story in his own words; 

" At Covington. Georgia, we readied the garden spot of 
tlie south, ami foraging began by order of Gen. Sherman. 
The first hundred miles to Milledgeville was a huge picnic, 
reaching the capital in seven days. Foraging was conducted 
liy cK' tails from each company. 

'• We here loanu'cl l»y tlie papers that great efforts would 
be made for our destruction. Our trains l)eing loaded with 
ammunition, coffee, sugar, and a small supply of cracki-rs. 
with plenty of forage iu sight, we were not dismayed. 

" Taking a ten mile gait we easily removed the barricades, 
8ul)stiluted ponto<»iis for l>ridges destroyed, and brushed the 
cavalry asidu. Still the great destruction and coucealment 
of propiTty made the foragers' duty more arduous, and we 
>voiild have set-n harder times but for the colonnl peo| le in 
this secfuul stage of the campaign. They hailed our arrival 
with pleasure and were ever willing to disclose hidden sup 
[)lies and pilot us to distant swamps that concealed horses, 
cattle and forage. We appreciated their services. What 
with rushing off our lin»' of march to support Kilpatrick and 
siibsccjUiMit hard marches to regain our place in tin* advancing 
«'ithnnn. wc woulil not have had time to ferret out supplies 
but for tlu'ir help. In our glorification of this march great 
honor should l>e acc«irdcd tlicin. The for.-igers were grateful. 
The blacks were anxious for freedom, and many followe«l 
us. However, we succ«'«'ded very well and had abun<lance 
until we reachetl the Milieu and .Vuirusta Kailroad. 



OUR FORAOERS. 357 

' ' Hei'e we entered what is known as the pine barrens, 
about forty miles wide. The second day from the railroad 
we struck this waste. It may be described as sandy and 
often marsh}', largely covered with pine and scrub oak. 
Unproductive, and thinly settled by "poor-whites," living 
in rude tenements, who raised small patches of corn, sweet 
potatoes and a small black bean called by the natives ' 'peas. " 
Last but not least a species of hog known as "razor-backs," 
and quite difficult to capture. About the time of enterino- 
this territory the enemy changed their mode of operations, 
Wheeler's command moving to our rear. This left the wa}' 
open to our foragers to cover a wide extent of territory, but 
their utmost endeavors were poorly rewarded — at times 
barel}" getting subsistence for their own needs. 

' ' Striking tidewater we entered the ricefields ; the crop 
had been harvested and taken to the high ground. The 
hulling mills were mostly destroyed, and procuring food 
from this source was similar to taking the hulls from oats. 
Our rations for a week were a sharp reminder of the dark 
days in Chattanooga. During this time we had invested the 
outer works of Savannah. 

' ' From this camp the entire brigade, taking most of the 
division wagons, were out four days on a forage trip across 
the Ogeechee River, and along the Gulf Railroad to Hines- 
ville station. Here we found potatoes, beans, meat, molas- 
ses and corn sufficient to load the train. On our return a 
battery across the flooded fields fired upon us; probably it 
was amusement for them, with no casualties on our part. 

' ' Next day a general advance was made ; when the enemy, 
leaving their guns and ammunition, abandoned the city. 
Communication with the fleet ended our work as foragers 
for the time being. 

' ' The halt in Savannah was very pleasant, plenty of 
rations, 03'sters in the shell, butter and other luxuries 
were obtained from the city and transports. Grood quarters 
and an abundance of dry fuel from adjacent brickyards 
completed our happiness, until we were ordered out for 
picket duty, seven miles distant. We were still there when 
the campaign through the Carolinas was inaugurated. 

" Crossing the Savannah River at Sister's Ferry we first 
entered South Carolina. There was a well-defined opinion 
among the soldiers — often expressed — that if we ever got 
into South Carolina we would make them understand what 
invasion meant. "Torpedoes! be careful!" was the sign 



rr.s TJiF sTo/n <,/■• _\ i iini -^ \\h 

tli:ii .illcicliil <>u; :iHfnll<<ll U'^ wcii-tl lllr JH)iit<Mins. 'I'lfUil- 

in^ carefully in llu- Iwatfii patb, we s«»oii reaclieil \\\^\\ 
groiiiuis ami fi»iiiul HohiTtsville r("<hioeil to asLes. We 
tliou«rlil H<il»t4t\vu Would l>e 11 more appropriate name. W'l- 
campt <l II short distance Iwyond. Everytiiiiii; that wouM 
readily ignite was tired. Fenciii'r. houses and liarns were all 
consutn«'d. and everything we couM u>e was taken and 
what we couM not use destroyed. 

'• Foraging wa.sconducteil while in the swamp-lands by 
the same methotls pursued in <ieorgia. that is Ity detailing 
men eai-h day. Cotton was always destroyed. The writer 
rememltei's his first experience with it. Kntering a large 
gin-liouse witli unu-h loose cotton ready for the press, the 
light parli'-ies adhering to the tinilxMS and rafters, he struck 
a match and threw it on the pile. lmmediat«'ly there was a 
tl:isli uiid a r«»ar all over the structure. He bounded out in 
tjuick time, and thereafti-r was more cauti<ius. 

'•At times, splendid mansions were occupied by general 
officers of our commands and guarded, seemingly with a 
desire to save tln-ni. The sohlii-rs iM'lieving in justice, de- 
tails from forage sijuails ling«'red near until the guards were 
withdrawn, when they were fired. 

'•Tramping through swamps with continuous rains. mad«- 
progress very lal»ori<»us. Uur wing. Slocum's iK-ing the 
left, had but slight annoyaiu-e fn>m the enemy. Successful 
foraging (U-pencled much U|M»n the lay of the land and 
character of the j)roducts. We remember one red-letter 
«lay. We captureil liams. eggs, milk, poultry and other 
supplies with the largest g«»ulK*rs (pea-nuts) we ever saw. 

The rivei-s were numerous and the foragers had to Ik* in 
at the crossings, which were mostly by pont<Hins. Our 
f«)ragers being the flr««t into Barnwell, had tak 'U a c«»nsider- 
alile amount of stuff and had it piled in a house on the 
sijuare. The Twentieth Corps troops coming up, an ofllcer 
orden*d us to clear out, as we had no business there. A 
refusal brought on a war of words, and for a time it kwiked 
as if weapons woulil be used. (Jeneral Williams was 
attract«'d to the scene and was inclinc'd t<» side with his men; 
but we had possession and knew we were in the right. We 
presiune there were five huixlred soldiers surrounding the 
builtling when (Jeneral Jelferson C. I>avis came up. his 
ilecision was that the Kourt4'enth Corps men had the iK'st 
claim, liaving dotte the colle<'ting of the f<»rage. This was 
our first unfriendly enenuntcr with that Corps, but not flu* 



OUR FORAGERS. 351) 

last one. We were not always victorious. After leaving 
Barnwell we guarded the wagon trains until we reached 
Lexington, near Columbia. 

"The foragers were the only representatives of the 105th 
Ohio, who entered the capital of South Carolina. Its de- 
struction by fire was a re-enactment of the tragedy of Atlanta : 
the suffering and wretchedness of the harmless people being 
very great. I will mention one incident. Comrade Weldy of 
Company H, asked a fine-looking gentleman before we entered 
the burned district, if he had any eggs. 'I'll see,' was his 
reply. Keturning he said there were 'two dozen in the 
house. ' 

"Forgetting our usual mode, Weldy asked the price. 
'Fifteen dollars per dozen is what I paid for them. ' 'But how 
much in silver?' 'Ten cents sir. ' The trade was soon consum- 
mated, this being the only instance of payment for supplies 
of any sort known to me, while in the state of South Carolina. 

"Making a brief halt, for the city was well patrolled, we 
returned across the river and resumed our course toward 
Alston, reaching there next day. The country was 
more rolling and fertile and the foragers got m some 
good work while the troops were tearing up the rail- 
road. At this point we had an exciting time, and 
came near being taken in by the enemy's foraging train, 
guarded by a regiment and two pieces artillery. We had 
passed over a mill-pond and through a cornfield from which 
the ears had been plucked, to the owner's residence on the 
highway and were helping ourselves, when one of the boys 
in the second story discovered their skirmish line advancing 
rapidly. He gave the alarm and we hastily got out of sight 
and took cover in the willows along the side of the mill pond 
awaiting developments. The enemy evidently were pushed 
themselves and gave us no further trouble. This was 
the first time we had seen the enemy in force since leaving 
Savannah. Being nine miles from camp we took a new 
route and were soon loaded with plunder. 

"From Alston via Winnsborough the foragers did well, 
there being considerable to work upon. We had also learned 
that being wholly or partially clothed in citizens' dress was 
helpful in our labors. Most of the able-bodied colored men 
had been removed from our line of march ; which we regretted. 

'sTust before crossing the Watteree, we were again put 
on train duty. When all but a part of our division and 
wagons had passed over, the pontoons broke and we were 




<,- 



^' 



OUR FORAGERS. 361 

delayed over two days. The rain coming down in torrents 
made onr march to the Pedee River the most disagreeable 
and exhausting we had ever encountered, for both men and 
animals. We had to make up for lost time, never getting 
into camp before midnight, and off again by sunrise. Get- 
ting to camp, huge fires were built, and while waiting for 
coffee we would wade into a brook, wash off the mud, and 
dry by standing around the fires. In the day time we did 
fairly well ; but after dark it was terrible. But little forag- 
ing was done that week ; the troops in advance of us cleaned 
up and burned most everything of value. 

"Crossing near Sneedsboro into North Carolina, our 
division went to the front. A new arrangement was made 
for foraging. We were ordered to report at the colonel's 
quarters about eight o'clock at night. He stated that an 
order was issued increasing the number of foragers; to 
detail the men permanentl}^ and not be changing except for 
cause; run no unnecessary risks, and bring in all the supplies 
we could obtain. He thought we would be more efficient if 
mounted. He also informed us that Gen. Johnston was con- 
centrating troops in our front and that great caution would 
be necessary. As we were now out of South Carolina the 
burning of private buildings should be discontinued. Two 
hours afterward, we moved out of camp, passing the cavalry 
pickets at midnight. By noon next day, we had collected 
animals for most of the detail. At a mill near Rockingham, 
N. C, we procured meal and all we could utilize, feeding our 
new mount upon corn. A squad in gray observed our move- 
ments from a hill; we made no unnecessary delay, but 
started home, well loaded. Our camp began to assume a 
sort of cavalry appearance. 

" Starting a little late next morning, we got into the toils 
by mixing up with General Baird's staff and attaches. A 
stentorian 'Halt!' huddled us up in some confusion. 
Stating our mission we were allowed to pass with the in- 
junction, ' be out of the way before the troops are in 
motion hereafter. ' 

"His remark that we were the most unique cavalry 
outfit in the department, probably was true. A few had 
saddles, borrowed from teamsters ; others had blankets, and 
some were ))are-back. The bridles were of various con- 
trivances. We did look odd, but we were good. 

" This day we entered the belt of timber where turpen- 
tine and rosin is made. The stills were deserted and near 



304 Tilt. -J",. I ■'/■•.I TJl(>r<AXD. 

lat€ in the evening to a mill, gathered corn, ground 
four sacks of meal, and returned to camp Itefore daylight. 

•'Our brigade having the lead, we niovt'il upon Fayette- 
ville, reftehing there altout lUMm — the 75th Indiana on the 
skirmiiih line, the 105th supporting it — only to find the 
enemy safely over and the bridge on fire. The rosin-fire 
was frequently commented upon as causing us to lose a 
favorable opportunity to capture or scatter Hardees forces. 
We wen* dis«-rei*tly sik-nt as to its cause. 

• ■ We lialtt'd in Fayetteville four days. The cessation of 
rains ami the linght. shiny weather, together with needed 
rest, made this camp the most pU-asant I can recall. Here 
we wrote letters home, forwarding via Wilmington and 
Washington, the first opportunity since leaving Savannah. 
Capturing a large l)undleof woven socks, ready to be sewed 
together, we learned the comparative worth of Confederate 
money and greenlmcks. The women employed would do 
the work for $l.(Mi per pair in tlu'ir money, or fifty pairs 
for a $].(•(» in grt'i'nba«-ks. 

•• Breaking c-amp the morning of the 15tli. the most ui 
our corps was pusheil forward towards RaU-igh. while our 
ilivision was relegated to guard tin- trains that proceedml 
upon the direct road to (loldslHtrough. The foragers were 
not successful in finding much of value, the rebs having 
made a clean sweep. We heard faint echoes of Averys- 
borough. and took a hand on the second day at Hentonville. 
Two days thereafter we entered GohlsboroUgh. a ragged, 
niotlfv crew. Contrasting our appearance with Schofield's 
command, before wh<»m we passed in review, it did not 
seem possilile w«' ha<l ever come out of the same band-box. 

'•TheiU'Xt day a few of our f<»rage squad went out north 
of the town. Wf lia<l evidence that the enemy were watch- 
ful. Two of our soldiers, with the usual dark-red line 
around the n«'ck and protruding tongue, were left by the 
roadside. We had seen similar ghastly spectacles ()n three 
previ«>us occasions since leaving Columbia, always accom- 
panieil with warnings «»f lik«' tn-atnimt if ••aptun-d while 
foraging — slmwing the vital importance (he supplies were in 
carrying on the eonfiiet. Without these same supplies we 
eoid«l not have made the campaign. 

"While returning to camp the first fatality to <tne of our 
numlK'r «K'curre«l. I>aniel Hush, of Company H, fell out to 
get Home fwider for his mule; l»eing in sight «»f our trtxips, 
no tianger wa>. ap|ireliended. the rest going «»n. .*^hortly 



OUR FORAGERS. 365 

afterwards a well-mounted horseman came up behind and 
shot him through the body, just a few rods inside the 
Twenty-third Coi'ps' camp lines, and was away before those 
who witnessed the scene realized what had occurred. He 
was cared for and brought to the hospital next morning, 
but died two days afterwards. 

' 'He was of our most fearless and successful foragers. 
It was a sad escort that kept time to the beats of the muf- 
fled drum. With victory almost achieved, and a widowed 
mother eagerly awaiting his return, no wonder the tears were 
not withheld as our comrade was lowered to his silent rest- 
ing place. 

"Receiving an abundance of rations and clothing at 
Goldsboro, our special avocation ended. Most of the Con- 
federacy was depleted; true, their men were yet in the field, 
and braver soldiers were never mustered, but they had not 
the supplies to sustain them, therefore, the collapse, which 
soon occurred. 

"Having all my letters written home on file, descriptive 
of army life and doings, I have tried to be accurate in cul- 
ling the foregoing. I have omitted personalities largely, 
practical jokes and laughable incidents, not wishing to ruf- 
fle the good nature of participants, and will conclude with 
an illustration of our efficiency given by a Southern man 
years after hostilities ceased. 

"He said that Sherman's foragers, (he called them -bum- 
mers') were so persistent that if he were enclosed in a lane 
with the foragers at one end and the devil at the other, he 
would rather try conclusions with the latter; for when the 
scrimmage was over there would be something left for the 
family; but with the former, not a thing." 

No one can read the account which Lieutenant Forbis 
gives, or recall the allusions in the account given by Com- 
missar}' Gribson, without arriving at two conclusions: 

That pillage was a frequent and unpunished thing upon 
this march before South Carolina was reached, and after 
reaching North Carolina. 

That the burning of dwellings and farm buildings was 
very frequent along the line of march through South Caro- 
lina. 

By this is not meant that necessaries for the support 
of the army, or which might prove valuable to the enemy, 



3«« 77/ A" >JnRy nF A TJ/OrSAXB. 

wl'Iv taken or dt'sinned, but tUut money, valuables, auil per- 
sonal projKTty l>elongmg to non-comV»atants along the route 
were taken or destroyed, not for the pultlie lx*nefit. but 
merely to gratify lawless inclination. There wius no show 
of etTort to repress such tendency, from which the soldiers 
naturally inferred that it was endorsed and approved by the 
(leneral in eommaml. The remarks of the Colonel to the 
forag'ere of the Thousand, after leaving South Carolina, am- 
ply sustain the claim that it was by deliberate purpose that 
the army was '-lurneil loose " in South Carolina. The or- 
ders issued upon the subject, by General Sherman, were ap- 
parently fair enougli; l»ut the practice under them was cer- 
tainly of the very loosest character. In the writer s opinion, 
the conduct of our army in this resjx'ct cannot Iw justifietl 
or excuse<l. It was not warfare under the rules which civil- 
ization imposes on an invading foe, but such pillaging as 
characterizes the inroads of undisciplined marauders. 

With an army of the character of that which (Jeneral 
Sherman led. this was wholly unnecessary. The fact thai 
so few crimes of a |K*rsonal character were committed amply 
attests this fact. 

If the commander of this army had otlicially assumed re- 
spi>nsiltility, by directing houses and barns to bo burned 
along th«* line of man-li througii South Carolina and permit- 
ting his s«»ldii'r8 t«) lake money, silver, books, furniture, and 
whatever else they desired in (.Ie<»rgia and North Carolina, 
it would have been a military measure, for which he al<»ne 
would have been responsible. By seeming to forbid, and 
failing to prevent, he left the ))lame to fall upon the men. 
who, without the encouragement of such tacit approval, 
would never have dn-ameil of pt-rpetrating such acts. As a 
conse<|uence. the opprobrium falls up«»n the soldiers, instead 
of resting where it «)uglit. upon tlu' (li-neral. It is the «»nly 
thing ill the history of the war for the I'niiin which is really 
regn-ltable. It occurre<l. not bet-ause the volunteer soldier 
was a pillager or • -bummer ' by iiiclin.'ition. but because he 
was madi- so by m I <\it\ .if di^icipline. wliich, whether iiiti-n 



OUR FORAGERS. 367 

tional or unintentional, resulted in putting a slur upon the 
fair fame of this army, which it is useless to deny, and folly 
to extenuate. The writer has arrived at this conclusion, much 
against his will, but fifteen years' residence in the very re- 
gion through which the army passed, has so familiarized 
him with the facts as to make any other course impossible. 




X\l\ 
THE END or STlllKE. 

H K Thuusand had misseil the liglit 
at JJentonville, Ijeiug on the re- 
servi', and looked forward with 
antk-iiiatitm to the hist jrreat 
movement which was expected to 
euhniiiate in a great hattU'. Al. 
ready every one knew that the 
})e«rinning of the end had come. 
It iiad lonjr Iteen i)redicte<l that 
when the Confederacy should finally yield, it would V»e not 
a gradual failure but a collapse, like the breaking of an egg 
shell. For almost two years not a victory had crowned 
their arms. Yet the territory nominally held by them was 
almost the same as in 1801. True, they had lost the half 
of Kentucky they then claimed and parts of Tennessee. 
(Jeorgia and Mississippi. Hut of each of these States Viy 
far the larjier part was still in their control. All at once 
I'eterslturg and Uiilimond fell, anil within a week came the 
surremh'r of (ientrai Lee at Appomattox. Tins was the 0th 
of April. On tin- It'.th the armistice was concluded with 
Johnston: on the I'tlth he surrendere*! at ( JreenslMirough. N. 
C;Jeircrson Davis was a fugitive in the " piney wooils " of 
(je<->rgia; the Confederacy had crumbled to pieces and the 
war was at an end. Never in the worlds history was so 
large a territory and so great a people so swift I\ and so 
utterly overthrown. 

( )ne of the chief reasons of the sudilen dovMilall was 
the wonderful victorious ailvance of Sherman's Army from 
ChattantKiga to Atlanta and from Atlanta to Raleigh, North 



TUE END OF STRIFE. 36» 

Carolina. Hitherto tlie fighting had all been on the outer 
edge of the Confederacy. This produced a false impression 
of its strength and solidarity. Now an army of eighty 
thousand had swept through its very center and Sherman's 
Army in North Carolina, became, practically, a prolonga- 
tion of Grant's left wing. Schofleld with the Army of the 
Ohio had come around by sea and joining with the force at 
New Berne had met Sherman at Goldsborough. Two hundred 
thousand men were ready to fall upon the fragments of 
Confederate power when Lee broke from the trenches at 
Petersburg. in the desperate hope of uniting with Johnston 
at Danville, massing before Sherman and retreating through 
the Carolinas. But that very movement had been foreseen. 
The fiery Sheridan was on his flank and Appomattox saw 
the entl of the Army of Northern Virginia. With it the 
Confederacy fell. The exact extent which the remarkable 
movement from Atlanta, Georgia, to Kaleigh, North Caro- 
lina contributed to this result can hardly be overestimated. 
The army of Sherman had cut a path sixty miles wide- 
through the heart of Georgia to Savannah, destroying all 
north and south connections, cotton, forage, bacon, corn, 
cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry, meal and, in general, all sup- 
plies. From Savannah to Goldsborough, Nort' Carolina, the 
army occupied an average width of forty miles, and through 
the State of South Carolina the destruction was even more 
complete. It compelled the surrender of Savannah, Charles- 
ton, Wilmington and the abandonment of seven hundred 
miles of seacoast, thus putting an end to blockade running, 
on which the Confederacy depended for so lage a portion 
of its military supplies. Yet, as General Sherman well 
stated in his report, after enumerating all these things: 
"The real object of this march was to place this army in a 
position eas}' of suppl}', whence it could take an appropriate 
part in the spring and summer campaigns of 1865. This 
was completely accomplished on the 21st of March by the 
junction of the three armies and the occupation of Golds- 
borough, North Carolina. ' 



3T0 THE aTORY OF A TlloUSAXD. 

Hy the '• three armies ■■ in this report Geueral Sher- 
man alludeil to the re-(»rjfauizatiou of his array which was 
etfectetl with the iightninjr-like rajjiflity which characteri7,ed 
all his mental processes, as soon as he reached (}uklslx)rough. 
The right wing, still iin<k*r General Slocum. was designated 
the Army of Georgia; the left wing retained its original 
designation of the Army of the Tennessee, still commanded 
by General Howard; while the center, Geueral Schofield's 
command, composeil of the 'J'enth and Twenty-third Army 
Corps, was designated the Army of the Ohio. This was the 
organization adopted for the l»rief and bl(X>dless campaign 
w hich followed. The Thonsand retained the same lirigatle 
and ilivision relations as heretofore. 

In >p«'akii)g of the dillicnlties of this great strategic 
march, and the charact«"i' of the army making it. General 
Sherman says; 

•* I beg to express in the most emphatic manner my 
entire satisfaction with the ton*- and temper of the whole 
army. Nothing seems to ilampen their energy, zeal, or 
cheerfulness. It is im|)ossihK to conceive a march involv- 
ing more laltor and exposure, yet I cannot recall an instanct' 
<»f had temper by the way. or hearingan expression of doubt 
as to our perfect success in the end. I believe tliat this 
<lieerfulness and harmony of action retlects up(tn all con- 
cerni'd ijuite as much real h«uior and fame as ' battles 
gained or 'cities won.' and 1 therefore commend all, gen- 
erals, statT, otlicers and enlisted men. for these high cjuali- 
ties, in ad<lilioii to the nion* soldierly ones (»f t)bedience to 
orders and the alacrity they have always maintained when 
danirer summ<»ned them ' to the front.' 

S(» the three great armies lay about the sleepy litlh- 
city of Gold8bt>rough, busy>\ilh the work of replenishing 
the clothing an<l e(iuipment which the toil.some march from 
Savannah hud outw<jrn. while the restless brain of their 
<'ommander evolved the details of the next swift-coming 
movement, (leneral Grant oni-e told the writer that in 
almost every cousult.ition In- h.td with .NJr. Lincoln in which 



THE END OF STRIFE. 



371 



maps were referred to, the President's finger would wander 
down to the region between the Roanoke and Cape Fear 
rivers, in North Carolina, and he would say: "Somehow I 
think the matter will be ended about here. '' And there it 
was to be ended. The three armies at Goldsborough were in 
perfect condition. Almost three years of continuous march- 
ing, with every now and then a fight, had hardened their 
muscles and given self-reliance and invincible courage and 
determination. As an army they could probabl}- endure 
more hardship, march farther in less time, pursue an enemy 

. more relentlessly and 

guard against one more 
cautiously, endure defeat 
with more patience and 
improve victor}- with as 
much celerity as any 
arm}' ever assembled. 
They were the very men 
to undertake the p u r - 
suit which it was ex- 
pected would have to be 
made of the disorganized 
forces of the Confeder- 
acy, when Grant should 
give the word and Sheri- 
dan should break the 
leash, and swing around 
the left of Lee, cuttmg 
off his line of supply and making the fall of Peters- 
burg and Richmond a necessit}'. It was intended that 
the two armies should move at the same time, but the 
contingencies of transportation made it a week later before 




Corp. W. K. Mead. 



William K. Mead was bom in Mahoning County. September 15.1835; 
enlisted August 1, 1862; was captured at the battle of Perryville; was ex- 
changed and joined the regiment at Murfreesborough. Tenn.. in the spring of 
1863; was continuously with it until mustered out at the close of the war. 
Lived in Indiana imtil 1883; then went to Scranton, Miss., and engaged in a 
lumber business 



372 THE STORY OF A TIIOUSAXD. 

ShiTiuau's raggeil veteraus were all shod ami clothed and 
he was ready to take his part in the last play of the great 
game of war which had begun four years before. He 
counted on the wonderful marching powers of his men. 
trained by the long journeys they had made from the banks 
of the Mississippi and Ohio, to make up for the delay. In 
the meantime, the spring had come; tlie orchards were in 
bloom: the oaks were covered with the tender sheen of 
young leafage. The weather had l»een good for some time, 
but at the last moment the late spring rains began to fall 
and the red-clay r()a<ls were soon slippery (piagmires. It 
would n(»t do to delay, however, and as soon as the clothing 
was distributed and the reorganization complete, we were 
on tin* march in the closing campaign. 

On tlic loth of April, ISU.'), the movement was begun 
which \va.-> to lilol the S«juthern Confederacy from exist- 
ence in so short a time, and with so little bloodshed, that its 
importanc-e has Iteen almost lost sight of. .Johnston's sur- 
render lieing ordinarily esteemed an inevitable result of the 
fall of Ki«-liniond and the dispersion of Lees army. In a 
sense, this is »rue, but such a result might at least have 
been long ilefc'rred had it not been for the magnifH-eiit army 
which on this ilay started on the great turning movement its 
commander had projected, the object of which he hail 
defined in orders to his subordinates, as follows : 

•Tlic next grand objective is to place this army, with 
its fiijl ei|uipment. north of the lloanoke Hiver. facing west, 
with a liase of supplies at Norfolk and at Wynton or 
Murfret'slioroiigli. on tin- ("howan. and in full comniunica. 
tion with the Army of the I'tttomac. about IVlersburg. and 
also to do llu- ciieniv as much harm as possible en route." 

The plan of the movement was brii'tly stated a.-» follows: 

"The left wing. Major-lJeneral Slocum commanding, 
will aim straight for the railway bridge lu-ar Sinitlilield. 
thence along up the Neuse Kiver to the railway bridge over 
Neuse Hiver, northeast of Kaleigh (Powells), thence to 
Warn-nlon, the gt-neral point of i-oncenlration. The center. 
Major-! leneral Schofu-ld i-ommanding. will m«)ve to Whit- 
ley's Mill, reatly to s>ipp«)rt the left until it is past Smith- 



THE END OF STRIFE. 373 

field, when it will follow up, eubstantiall}'. Little River to 
Rolesville, ready at all times to march to the support of the 
left, after passing Tar River, en route to Warrenton. 

"The right wing, Major-Greneral Howard commanding, 
preceded by the cavalry, will move rapidly on Pikeville and 
Folk's Bridge, ready to make a junction with the other 
armies in case the enemy offers battle this side of Neuse 
River about Smithfleld, thence, in case of no serious oppo- 
sition on the left, will work up towards Earpsborough, 
Andrews' Bridge and Warrenton. 

"Major-General Sehofield will hold, as heretofore, 
Wilmington, with the bridge across North Branch as an out- 
post. New Bern and Kinston as its outpost, and will be pre- 
pared to hold Wynton and Murfreesborough as soon as the 
time arrives for that move. The navy has instructions 
from Admiral Porter to co-operate, and an}' commanding 
officer is authorized to call on the navy for assistance and 
co-operation, always in writing, setting forth the reasons — 
of which, of necessity, the naval commander is the judge." 

The Thousand was with the left wing, which was 
ordered to "aim straight for the railroad bridge near Smith- 
field. " We reached the point designated on the twelfth. 
The bridge was in tlames. But even as we halted, the roar of 
thousands shouting in triumph fell upon our ears, and a 
staff-officer dashed by us, waving a dispatch, his face aflame 
with excitement, hoarsely screaming, over and over, the 
words: " Lee has surrendered! " "Lee has surrendered!" 
A whirlwind of Yankee cheers followed his course until the 
pine woods echoed as they had never done before with the 
glad acclaim of tens of thousands! 

Men huzzahed, laughed,, and, perhaps wept, in the 
delirium of that moment. From end to end of the blue- 
clad columns went up waves of exultant shouts, which 
swelled and died away only to break out afresh far into the 
murky spring night that followed. We knew it was the 
beginning of the end, and pushed forward lest the enemy in 
our front should escape without a blow. On the next day, 
Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina, surrendered. The 
Third Division pressed on to Holly Springs in pursuit of 
the enemy. On the 15th we were halted by orders from the 



374 



THE >T0Ry OF A THOVSAXD. 



General commamling. The enemy had proposed an armis- 
tice. It is not stran«re that the victorious General in his 
eagerness to conclude the struggle exceeded his powei-s and 
provisionally accepted a p<jliticul convention rather than a 
military capitulation. On the isth the woeful news was 
received of the assassination of President Lincoln. It is 
hardly possiMe to imagine now what a gloom it cast over 
the triumphant army. More than any man in our history. 
he was everybody's ideal neighbor — everyday companion 
ami friend. To the sohliers he was an especially vivid. 

unicpie and kindly per- 
sonality. No one doubt- 
ed his patriotism, sin- 
cerity, self-devotion or 
kindliness. (Jreat lead- 
ers were admired and 
loved: Lincoln was re- 
garded with a sort of 
worship. Kveryone felt 
as if he had lost the 
dearest of all friends. 
There was a hush over 
all tlie army as the flags 
were ilraped, and anger 
burned hot against the 
C'onfeilerates, whom all 
then believed to be re- 
sponsiltle for this atroeity 
.\t llif -aim., tiiiif, Hfws eaiiie of the disapjiroval of 
the ttinis iiiailf Ity Sherman with the enemy: that(irant 
was eouiing to takeeommand and that (Jeneral Ilallei-k hail 
l>een sent to take the lead of the forces in \'irginiaoii a "^wift 
mareh into Nrntli Carolina to attack tin- » luniy in spite of 






< OKI'. Mil MAKI. K. HkSS. 



Mi< HARI. K Hr.s.s wus tmrii In S«.ulh ('.'luiHl'ln Ilcrkiiinr r.xinty, N. V.. 
SeptfiiiliT -'•. IfJ"!. Ik'Idk il<'Nc«-n<liil fmiii otu- of tln' I'liluuiiato* u ho came 
from (.fcrinuDy in 1 Tin. and MttUil c.n XUv iMink- of ihf Mi'hawk Kivt-r. His 
gruixIfalbiT mtvi-U tlm)UKh thv Krvi>lull«iDBr>- Wur. — his fnlbiT in thi- War 
o( IHI'.^. — un<l It \vtl^ but naliiral thul be sbuiiM U- incliiic«l to fnUow their 
exknipU* whvD bih rutintry mitled bi<i>4T\°lco<«. and early in AUKu>t. IMU. be 
riill«t(.-<l in Cumpuny li <>f the luMb. and was made u CoriMinil. After an attack 



THE END OF STRIFE. 375 

the armistice. This awoke deep feeling. There was talk of 
conflict between the soldiers of the two Union armies. There 
need have been no apprehension. Those who remembered how 
Halleck moved when in command of the great army l^efore 
Corinth, should have known that there was no fear of his 
troubling Johnston's forces until long after the ten days' 
armistice had expired. But Grant came in a day or two, 
unconscious, as ever, not taking over the command but 
counselling his lieutenant; keeping himself carefully in the 
background; so that on the 26th, when the armistice expired, 
it was General Sherman, and not his superior, who received 
the surrender of General Johnston and his army. 

With the shouts of victory were united yearnings 
for home. The citizen-soldiers of the Union had 
done their work — accomplished the task which they 
went forth to do — and nothing now could restrain 
their eagerness to return to peaceful life. Their 
leaders and the government they served were in full 
accord with their sentiments. Almost for the first time in 
history, an army was ready to disband and its leaders eager 
to promote its dissolution, in the very moment of victory. 

No time was lost. The surrender was consummated 
on the 26th of April; on the 27th it was announced in 
General Orders; on the same day the order given below 
was issued, providing for the speedy dispersion of the 
greater part of the army. 

"Headquarters Military Division of the South, 
Near Raleigh, N. C, April 27, 1865. 
"SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS NO. 66: 

' ' Hostilities having ceased, the following changes and 
disposition of the troops in the field will be made with as 
little delay as practicable : 

of typhoid fever i\l the time his regiment was fighting the battle of Stone 
River, his health was so impaired that he was obliged to accept his discharge. 
At the re-organization of the Militia when Morgan made his raid into Ohio, he 
was commissioned a Major by Governor Tod. He has filled many town ofiflces 
with great credit, and was one of the original incorporators of the Sunday 
School Association which grew into the world-wide Chautauqua Assembly 
He now resides at Knox- Pa. 



376 THE STOIiV OF A THuLSAXI). 

••I. — The Tenlh and Twfiity-lliinl Corps will remain 
in the Department of North Carolina, and Major-General J. 
M. Schofield will transfer haek to Major-Cieneral Gillmore. 
commanding Department of the South, the two Vtrigades 
formerly belonjrinfi to the division of Brevet Major-General 
<;rover at Savannah. The Division Cavalry Cor[)s. Brevet 
Mai«)r-General Kilpatrit-k commanding, is hereliy transferred 
to the Department of North Carolina, and General Kil- 
l)atriek will repoit in person to Major-General Schotield 
for orders. 

»'Il. — Tile cavalry cniiunand of Major-General Stone- 
man will return to Kast 'JV-nnessee, and that of Brevet 
Major-General .1. 11. NNilsou will l>e conducted haek to the 
Tennessee River, in the neighborhood of Decatur, Alabama. 
•111. — Major-General Howard will conduct the Army 
of the Tennessee to Hichmond. \'irginia. following roads 
substantially by Lewisburg, Warrenton, Lawrenceville ami 
Petersburg, (tr to the right of that line. .>Iajor-General 
Slocum will cftnduct the Army of Georgia to Kichmond. bv 
roiids to the left of the one indicated for (Jeneral Howard, 
viz.: by Oxford, Hoydton and Nottoway Courthouse. These 
armies will turn in at this point the contents «>f their ord- 
nance trains, and u^e the wagons for extra ftirage and 
provisions. These columns will be couilucted slmrhf and 
in the best of order, and aim to be at Richmond ready to 
resume the march Inj fin miihlh- nf M<iy. 

•'I\'. — The Chief «,|uartermaster and Commissary of 
the militarv division. Generds Ka><ton ami Reckwith. after 
making prop, r disposition of tlnir departments here, will 
proceed to Richmond antl inaki* suitable pn-parations to 
receiv*' those columns, ami to provide them for tlu- further 
journey." 

It will l>c observed that tlu' < Ji-n«-ral Commanding diti 
not disignale tliis as a march; it was a ••journey"; the 
Generals were to •conduct" slowly and leisurely this 
threi'-hundred mile niarch to the capital of the Nation. 
This waa the General's idea; the soldiers had other ntttions. 



XXX. 



Ip^HmK^S^i 


"^[8 ^ 


-^-W 


/' lue |i iH 


1^ 


iW 


^ 
k. 



THE HOMESTRETCH. 



HE Thousand 



lay 111 camp at 
Holly Springs, N. C, when the 
order for the northward march 
was received on the 28th of 
April. 1865. Every one was 
eager for the start. During the 
day it was learned that the 
Twentieth Corps, having the 
roads at our right, would have 
a little less distance to march, and were expected to reach 
Richmond in advance of us. This fact at once awakened the 
old rivalry between the Eastern and Western troops in the 
Army of the Cumberland. The Twentieth Corps was com- 
posed of troops originally from the Army of the Potomac; 
the Fourteenth Corps had been at the West from the begin- 
ning, and were all Western troops. Maps were consulted, 
and it was found that the roads the two corps were to pur- 
sue united in one, about two days' march north of the 
southern line of Virginia. At once the soldiers of the Four- 
teenth Corps, who had always boasted of superior marching 
powers, determined to reach this point in advance of the 
Twentieth. Inspired b}^ this and the irrepressible desire to 
reach their homes at the earliest possible moment, they 
made the march to Richmond one of the most furious in 
their whole term of service. The weather was hot; the 
Toads in splendid condition. From the very first the men 
pressed the pace, so that the place for the morning halt was 
reached long before the time for it. The men were clamor- 

377 



378 TUK sTnliY nF A TJIniSAyD. 

OU9 to go on. ••Cliange horses, ami go ahead I' they 
shouted to their ottieei"s. The halt was shortened, and the 
iiiareh resumed, in deference to the universal clamor. Those 
in command thoujzht the eagerness of their men would soon 
subside. When tlie eohinin halted, with the sun still an 
hour high, the Fourteenth Corps had made almost twice the 
distance designated for the first days march — nearly thirty 
miles. Tiie next day lliej- marched twenty-tive miles: on 
the next over twenty, reaching the junction of the roails 
and getting ahead of the Twentieth Corps. Vet, their 
anlor did not abate. The heat was very oppressive. De- 
spite the fact that they were veterans, the ambulances were 
crowded with foot-sore men — yet the others jiressed on, up 
through the fertile regions of Southern A'irginia. where to- 
bacco ami corn took the place of cotton-lieMs. through which 
they had marched so long, ami great, long-armed oaks 
shadeil the road, instead of the soughing pines of Georgia 
and tiie Carolinas. Tlie santU antl the swamps were gone, 
too — rolling hills, sparkling rivers, and smcM)th red-day 
roads, not yet grown very dusty, took their places. How 
the in»'n laugiied and cheered each other on! How the 
country peop.le stare<l at the rollicking Itlue-coatsI They 
crossed the Hoan<»ke Kiver. the forks of the Meherrin, the 
Ndttiiway. the Appomattox! ( )ii the day they crossed this 
historic stream the Thousand marched tir, nti/-snni iiiihg 
<ni<l />ist t'niir mm /mm sinisfrohi .' This, not in obedience 
to ortlers. Imt becau^i- tiie war wa-^ over, and tliey were go- 
ing home! H<jw could they take a funeral gait under such 
circumstances? \\\ the tinie the air was full of jests and 
<|uip>'. Y«'ars afterwards, the people living along the line 
of mareh tohl of the universal jollity. Many a time has the 
writer listene<l to the story in the farm-houses of Virginia. 
Tin- N'Tlhtrii soldier, even in the nio>t serious emergencies, 
wa> much given to humor as a few instances will show. 

While in camp at Fayetteville. a detail of the Thou- 
sand was ordereil out, after dark, oue rainy niiilit. One of 
them remarked witli tlie utmo>t couiplacency. that he was 



THE HOMESTEETCil: 37&' 

"glad he had got hold of a bottle a little while before." 
He turned it up; there was a gurgling sound. It was sug- 
gested that he pass it on. He did so — and, as it went 
down the line, each in turn sampled the contents. The 
next morning every face, but his, was black and smudged. 
The bottle had contained ink, and no one had made any 
exclamation, from fear that the joke upon the next one 
in the line would be lost. 

Even better than this was the joke played upon a 
Fayetteville paper, while Colonel Perkins was Provost- 
Marshal of the city and the Thousand were detailed as 
guards. Some printers found a form of the Eagle printed 
on one side. The impression was on wall-paper, but its 
language was fierce and truculent as if Sherman had been 
a thousand miles away. It even suggested that he was 
"lost in the swamps." The boys turned the sheets over 
and struck oft' a thoroughly " lo3'al " impression, full of fun 
and reliable news on the other side! 

After the battle of Hoover's Gap, the Thousand biv- 
ouacked in the woods, where the fight had been going on. 
It rained steadily. One of them in lying down fountl that 
the man next him had fallen asleep with no blanket over 
him. After shaking and scolding him, he finally threw a. 
part of his own blanket over him and went to sleep. On 
waking up the next morning he found it was a Confederate 
who had been killed during the night. His comrades were 
inclined to banter him, but, looking at the dead man, he ex- 
claimed, with perfect seriousness: "Well, I'll be blamed, 
if that isn't about the coldest bed-fellow I ever had! " 

The irrepressible Eaton, of Company G, was topping 
out a chimney with a small campkettle, from which the bot- 
tom had been removed, at the most pinching time of 
the siege of Chattanooga, when a general oflScer rode hy and 
said to him: " My man, don't you know that if 3'ou put 
that kettle on the top of your chimney it will not draw?" 

"Draw?" said Eaton, as he saluted with his muddy 
hand. "You don't know that chimney as well as we do,) 



980 



Tin: sTonr of a tiioi\<asd. 



General. \\\- Imivs were just now talking alx)ut taking it 
»lr»wn to the Comuiissarv to »«■<! if it \r,,tildii't draw rations /" 
The spirit of fun was rampant on this last march — the 
whole army was like a liost of lx)ys just out of school. On 
the eighth day they were in camp, three miles south of 
Richmond. Va. In that lime they had marched ttco fmn- 
ilriil and jiif inilr/i'. 

They arrived ten days sooner than was expected. Tin- 
rations which hatl l»een ordered to meet them hatl not yet 
arrived. It l»ecanK' necessary to borrow supplies for them 
from the troops slatione<l alwiut Itichmond. The men were 
liadly usfd up liv tiii-< fuiiniis iiianli. liut they still clamored 

to goon. On the 11th 
of May. three days Vm?- 
fore they were expected 
to arrive at Hichmond. 
they were on the march 
for Washington. The 
first day on this trip 
they made twenty-two 
miles. In eight days 
they had passed over 
the historic liattlefields ; 
had crosse<l the Hapi- 
dan at Raccodon Ford. 
:iii*l HappahaiUKK-k at 
Kelly's Fonl; had pass- 
fd Mantissas Junction, 
i-rosst'd Hull Hun. and 
marc li »• d t li r d u g h 
Centreville to Alexantlria. Knur years lufore. hnkiiig a few 
<lavs. the writer passed over the same road, going the other 
wav til the first gn-at battle of the war. 

Tliitf days nidy tlu-y lay in camp. Then came the 
<;K.\Nn HKVIKW. the most notable siH'etacle ever wit- 
ne88e«l <»ii thi> continent — tin* most notable that is likely to 
occur for a c»uturv to conn* Three luimlred thousand 




TjIK HoMiltAKV >Ki KKl.Mn 



THE HOMESTRETCH. 381 

veterans, fresh from the scenes of strife, went streaming past 
the reviewing stands, crowded witli generals, under whose 
eyes they had fought, and dignitaries, who wondered at them 
as tliey passed. They cared little for these. War had 
dulled their curiosity. They knew their generals, and loved 
them. 

Grant and Sheridan were as much their own as those who 
had made the Grreat IMarch with them. Only one was ab- 
sent — Thomas, the revered leader of the Fourteenth Corps 
from its first organization until it was taken from him, 
when he was sent back after Atlanta had fallen. Yes, 
there was one other — one whom every soldier had dreamed 
of seeing in the hour of final victory. The thought of the 
martyred President obtruded itself in every mind. The 
fact that he would not enjoy their triumph robbed it of no 
little of its sweetness. But their eyes scanned most eagerly 
the surging crowds upon the sidewalks, seeking ever some 
familiar face, some loved eye. Less than one-fifth of the 
Thousand had enjoyed respite or furlough during their en- 
tire term of service of almost three years. No wonder they 
were homesick. Thousands of the best soldiers of the 
great armies deserted at the last moment, that they might 
behold their loved ones even a day sooner than they otherwise 
would. Sherman's army, with its long, swinging stride and 
curious array of foragers, was certainly a unique element of 
this wonderful national pageant. As it passed the review- 
ing stand, "Uncle Billy" Sherman himself draped the colors 
with a wreath of flowers — and there were many bronzed 
cheeks down which the tears flowed as he oade them good- 
bye. Great, generous, impulsive, warm-hearted, alert, and 
restless leader of a great and glorious army! His memory 
brightens with the years — and theirs were filled with loving 
admiration as they looked back at what intervened between 
that final review and the May morning two years before, 
when, for the first time, they advanced under his command 
and drove in the pickets before Resaca! Two wonderful 
years they had been, without a single backward step taken 



382 



TUE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 




^^f^m 



Mom MKNT OK TIIK In.'iTH <> V. I. 
Krectod on the HaUlcflclU of Chickomttiiga. by iho Stale of Ohio. 



THE HOMESTRETCH. 383 

before an enemy. Only when in pursuit of Hood liad they 
turned back the way they had come, even for a single 
rod. 

On the next da}^ came the march across the Long 
Bridge to a camp on the outskirts of Washington. For the 
first time since it crossed the Ohio, on the day after it was 
mustered in, the Thousand encamped on ground which had 
never been in ])ossession of "the Confederacy. Seven days 
more — making out muster-rolls and reports which had been 
sadly neglected in their long march. On the thirtieth of 
May came the farewell address of General Sherman.* On 
the second of June all was complete, and they were mustered 
out. On the next day they took the cars for home, via 
Baltimore and Pittsburg ; reached Pittsburg at eleven o'clock 
at night, but found a bountiful repast awaiting them; arrived 
in Cleveland at ten o'clock on the fifth; marched to the old 
barracks; had a grand reception; listened to speeches from 
Clovernor David Tod, to whose call they had been the first 
to respond, and other notables; turned over ordnance; were 
paid off, and on the eighth of June, 1865, after two years, 
nine months, and eighteen days of service — after a fai'ewell 
address from Colonel Perkins, no longer young and shy, but 
grave and masterful — the Thousand was disbanded, shook 
hands in farewell, and departed for their sevei'al homes — 
not, indeed, a thousand, but three hundred and fifty-five 
war-worn veterans. 

And the others? Two hundred and twenty-seven lay 
buried, here and there, along the devious track"- they . had 
pursued, from Cincinnati to Washington. Two hundred 
and twenty-seven more had been lost by resignation or 
discharge — almost every one for wounds or disability. One 
hundred and sixty-three had been transferred to other com- 
mands. Thirty-eight were mustered out elsewhere, being 
absent from the regiment on detached service or in hos- 
pitals. Thirty-six were "absent without leave," mostly 

deserters. 

* See Appendix. 



3*1 TUE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

Of the wholf luiml^r, two humlrt'd aud lifty-nhu' luul 
been wouiKled in action, anil one hundred and eighty-two 
had been prisduei-s of war. It broajrht V»aek its colors, shot 
to shreds. l)Ut never once touchoil l)y the hands of an enemy, 
and deposited them in the capiud of the State, one of the 
many muniments there gathered which attest the courage and 
steadfastness of her sons in the time of the nation's- 
peril. 




XXXI. 

RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 

F the Thousand, as of a large 
number of the Federal regiments 
raised in the country portions of 
the North, it may be said that it 
was not only composed of intelli- 
gent men, but had a fair propor- 
tion of church members among 
its rank and file. From the best 
information now available, it is 
believed that about 28 per cent, of its number were mem- 
bers of some church when they entered the service, and that 
about 80 per cent, of the survivors have since become such. 
We had during our term of service two chaplains, who were 
on duty with the regiment, taking all the time of both, just 
three months and three weeks; though they held their com- 
missions as such for more than two years' service. One 
of them was on duty at the hospitals of Chattanooga during 
a portion of that time. Because of the brief time they 
spent in actual service with the Thousand, it has not been 
thought necessary to give any particular account of them 
or their work. Neither was with the regiment long enough 
to make any serious impression on its life or the religious 
character of officers or men. 

Temperate, orderly, and well disciplined as it was, the 
Thousand could lay little claim to being a i-eligious regiment. 
Of the ofl&cers, only three or four, it is believed, were 
church members; and it must be admitted that even these 
few were by no means notable for their christian profession. 
Except Captain Bowers, of Company K, none of the 

385 



Tin: .<■/ <>/:)- ny i Tiwi.<AyD. 

(nijjfiiKil ortin-rs luailf :iiiy sin-iial etfort to organize, keep 
alive, or improve the ri'liirious sentiment of the rank 
and tile. Tlie others were not what would Vie called 
irreli«rious. There was little profanity among them, though 
most of thi'm were capable of a reasonable amcmnt un an 
occsision calling for especial vigor of expression. There 
was very litth- intoxication, though m<»st of them tirank a 
little ni»w an<l then. Except on one or two occasions, when 
there was some especially good news and little prospect of 
active service, there were, perhaps, but one or two who ever 
showed signs of intoxication, though it is said that on one 
occasion there Wivs but one captain and one lieutenant pres- 
ent with the regiment who were (juite fit for duty as otticer 
of the day and officer of the guard. Hut news of Vicksburg 
and (Itttysliurg c<»ming on one (hiy was a serious strain on 
tlie abstemiousness of any Union soldier! It is but fair to 
admit, however, that the religious element of the Thousand 
owed lit lie to its officers; though they otfered no hindrance 
beyond mere indifferenee. 

On the other iiand. too much praise cannot Ite accorded 
a score or so of enlisted men. mostly non-commissioned otti- 
cers, who. from first to last, never failed to bear testimonv 
to the faith they professed. A few <»f them were to be 
fuuml in cacli company, and their infiuence was in all re- 
spects most salutary. A numlier of them have si:)ee l>e- 
eome ministers of various denominations. Several of them 
were killed or ilied of woun»ls. The only one available to 
<'ive a reliable accctunt of their work is Sergeant Forbis. of 
Company H. afterwards promoted to lieutenant. As in the 
last chapter he gave an account of the foragers of the regi. 
ment. in this we will allow him to tell the story of its l)ra\ - 
ing cirele. Tin- writtr takes this occasion t<» express his 
]in»found gratitutie. as a member of the regiment, that the 
eommander of its foragei-s was also the leader of its prayer- 
meeting : 

The religious element of the l(ir)tli was not well organ- 
ized at the formation of the regiment, in consequence of the 
hasty departure for the front. There were rejin-sentatives 



RE LI 010 us CHARACTER. 



387 



from the Baptist, Presbyterian, Disciple, Methodist, and 
other churches among its members. The first service held 
in the regiment was a prayer-meeting at the last camp occu- 
pied in Louisville, K}-. (It is probable that there may have 
been a few Catholics, but Lieut. Forbis makes no mention 
of the fact, and none of the survivors have reported them- 
selves as such.) 

The following Sabbath, the largest delegation of church 
members ever assembled in the regiment went into Louis- 
ville for worship. At this time, but one death had occurred 

in the regiment. 
The pursuit of 
Bragg's array began 
October 1st. On the 
8th, the disaster that 
befell the 105th at 
P e r r y V i 1 1 e was a 
severe blow. The 
fearful loss in the 
regiment told with 
especial force in our 
band of members. 
The evening after the 
battle, Captain Bow- 
ers, a noble Christian 
officer, called his 
company around him, 
and having explained 
the object of the 
meeting, they sang a 
hymn that attracted 
the attent ion and 
presence of a large 
part of the regiment. 
The prayer he offered was fervent and appropriate, with fifty 
dead lying upon the battlefield and over two hundred 
wounded, many of them in the agonies of death. The im- 

Chakles a. Brigden was bora in New Haven. Conn., February 21, 1817 
He helped recruit Company I of the 105th, and was made First Lieutenant of 
that company. He had at that time three sons in the service, and another one 
enlisted a few months later. He was wounded at the battle of Perryville and 
resigned on account of ill health January 1, 1863. He was afterwards elected 
Auditor of Trumbull County and served two terms. He died at Warren. Ohio. 
September 29, 1887. He was a member of the Bell-Harmon Post, and was 
highly esteemed by his comrades and all who were acquainted with his life 
and character. 




Lieut. Charles A. Brigden. 



3-0^ 77/ H STi'l:)' <> F 1 Till iJ'< \ XT) 

J»rt--sivt'Il«'>> <>l liial s*M \ icr uui iml SI ion m- iorgOttt'll. 11 

the title of chaplain had Iweii conferred upon the Captain, 
it would have U-en hailed with delight by all present: he 
was capaltle. having iH'en a minister previous to his enlist- 
ment, and would have intlueneed the regiment for good. 

Moving over the field the following «lay. where our dead 
still lay. was an ohject-sermon in<lelilily stamped upon our 
memories. Two miles l>.v<>i«il w.- hili.il. wlu-n a detail was 
sent back t<» bury them 

After fourteen da\ ^ xi >fMn- inanliing. our brigade 
which had in the meantime been tletached. arrived in Mun 
fonlville. Ky.. in a snowstorm. A summary of nmrning 
reports slu»weil three hundred for duty: one hundred and 
thirty sirk in lamp. Since the first of Oct* tber we had had 
no tents: some were without blankets, and the most (»f the 
overcoats had been <liscarded on the retreat to L«>uisvill»- 
The exposure was depleting the ranks very rapitUy: for two 
days we had tjuarters in the depot, when the bell-tents wen- 
brought up. and a camp in regulation style established. 

The second week here, our Chaplain. Rev. Aaron Van 
Nostrand, joined the eommand and was assigneil to a tent 
with (Quartermaster Wright. The following Sabbath the 
re<rim»'nt was formed on three sides of a scjuare. and paid 
marked attention to his discourse. As the Chaplain was 
past middle life, and not able to .vithstand tlu- exposure of 
camp life, we assembled in front «)f his tent for next Sab- 
baths service. Preaching at 10 a. m. was aunouncetl a 
week later, but at that hour he was not in condition t(» oJli- 
ciate. He returned to Ohio, and died at his home in Paines- 
ville. February 27th. IStiLJ. 

We left thiscaujp Nov»-mber 30th. and w»re eonstantly on 
the move until we joined the Army of the Cumbi-rland in Mur- 
freesboro. Tenn.. in January. lSt>3. March 2L'd. the briga»le 
turned out for funeral services, by the Chaplain of the 123d 
Illinois, on account of the killed at Milton. Prayer-meetings 
were held weekly. whenev«r the meml>ers wen- off duty. Com- 
radf Knight, of Company 1. taking a prominent part. 

'S\*\ l<ith. a representativ*' of the Christian Commis- 
sion preailu'il for us in the regiment. After the sermon, it 
w:is pro|)o>iMl that a Young .^l^•n■s Christian Assoeiation be 
organized, when forty wrre enrolled; prayer and praise 
me»tings to Im- held Wednesday anil Saturday evenings, for 
the greater convt-nience of memlMTs. an<l preaching on Snn- 
in<:. wIhmi we could get anv one to officiate. 



RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. 38!) 

When we moved to Boiling Spring, tlix-ee miles out, we 
prepared a place for meetings in the grove — logs were rolled 
into convenient shape for seats. In addition to other exercises 
on Sunday, a large number met at 2 o'clock for Bible stud}'. 

May was a delightful month, and was improved to the 
utmost; constant drilling and numerous inspections had 
brought the regiment to the highest perfection yet attained, 
and this happy feeling was reflected and expi-essed in our 
religious association ; there was great development in Chris- 
tian character and influence. 

The abatement of card- playing and profanity was quite 
noticeable. The ministration of a chaplain, such as the 9th 
Kentucky had, would have given a wonderful impetus to 
the moral activity of the regiment. We will refer again to 
the morning reports, showing the status at that time: Six 
hundred present for duty; ten only in camp hospital. 

On June 24th, 1863, we gave up these pleasant sur- 
roundings to participate in the Tullahoma campaign. Meet- 
ings for prayer, by the Association, were held whenever 
practical. When the enemy was driven beyond the Cum- 
berland Mountains, we established a camp soon after cross- 
ing Elk River. The campaign had not been severely con- 
tested, but the discomfort from almost constant rains, from 
the day we started until crossing the river in July, was very 
exhausting. Comrade Manasses Miller, of Company H, 
preached his initial sermon, taking for his text the word 
"Watch." We were greatly edified and pleased at the 
ability with which he developed his subject; we anticipated 
much in the future, but our brother's modesty was a bar to 
his continuance; he has since become a successful minister. 
July 26th, we advanced to the foothills of the moun- 
tains, and halted in a beautiful location, and were fitting up 
in grand shape when ordered to hold ourselves in readiness 
to march at a moment's notice — we had an exceedingly 
pleasant and profitable meeting the second evening here. 
From this time until we crossed the Tennessee, at Shell 
Mound, all services were regular and well attended. At 
University Place, a resident Baptist minister pi-eached for 
us the first Sabbath. Bro. Knight on the succeeding one 
was giving us an excellent exhortation, when a violent storm 
came on — our temple, a chestnut tree, baing no protection 
against the elements, a sharp run to the tents terminated 
the exercises. The Commission gave us, while here, a supply 
of hymn books and six hundred papers for distribution that 
were highly' appreciated. 



390 



THE STORY OF A TJlOlSAyi). 



Hefore enterint: riialtainxjga, we passed throu«rLi a try- 
injr onlt-al at Cliickauiau^a, where niauy of our rueiulKTS were 
left in till' hills aiul valleys, shrouded by the dense thickets 
— some who gave up their lives had Ijeen constant attend- 
ants at our religious services. It was a comfort to know 
that they were faithful soldiers of the Master, and lirave de- 
fenders of the flag. In Chattanooga . we attended church in tin- 
city, conducted liy army chaplains. When the enemy were 
driven fnjiii Lookout and Missionary Kidge. the latter part 

of NovenilxT. we had a 
few months of comjiara- 
tive rest. 

While the Army of 
the C u m b e r land was 
located at Hinggold.Ga.. 
there was considerable 
religious activity in the 
regiment. Comrade S. 
B. Torrey. of Company 
G, was apiK)inted leader. 
The interest increasing, 
the Christian Com- 
missitm a n d chaplains 
began a series of meet- 
ings at the frame church . 
The revival spread to 
many of the regiment; 
the eagerness of seekers 
appealed to the hearts 
of Christian workers ; 
officers — with stars, 
eagles, and bars — preachers, and enlisted men all praying 
and striving to lead them to the Saviour. It was a glorious 
w«»rk. hundreds were happily converted, and their lives 
attestcfl the sincerity of their professions. 

Our future Chaplain. A. I>. Morton, was laboring in 
these meetings; he was invited to preach for us in the regi- 
ment; a petition U-ing circulated, it wax endorsetl by the 
officeiN, and a comn:ission was obtained for him. Having 
to return to Ohio, he did not join us until we occupied At- 
lanta. Meetings for prayer were (piit*- regular and well 




foitr. .It'MN M< N.vrr.nTON. 



JtiHM Ml NAl'i;iiTt>N i-iillsi(-«l iLs II |>rlvate in Co. K . Aukum I'J. \>^. at Uii- 
nf(v o( elKhtccii. Was u|>|K>liit(>«l ixiriwinil St-ptpmlx'r -1. 1H(M. MuNl(>nHl (lut 
will) rrirlmcnl Jiiik- .1, 1mV>. Hit b<im«* In now ai Kvansboro. Ills. 



RELIGIOUS CHARACTER. B91 

attended during this campaign. One evening, at Utoy 
Creek, we met in a little grove about one hundred j-ards in 
rear of the works. While in session, the enemy began a 
spirited artiller}^ fire. The shots in passing cut branches 
from the trees, dropping some in our midst. As soon as 
the fearful shriek and missile passed by, the prayer would 
be continued. These meetings were a source of great en- 
joyment during that arduous campaign — the spirit of the 
Lord was with us to comfort and sustain. 

Entering Atlanta, September 8th, we camped in a grove; 
policed and arranged comfortable quarters; then prepared a 
large, circular space, partially covei-ed with brush, and were 
ready for services when Chaplain Morton arrived. 

Under the leadership of Lieutenant Allen and Sergeant 
Stewart, a choir of sixty had been practicing an hour a 
day. The first sermon in four months was delivered in a 
drizzling rain, in front of the Colonel's quarters. Bible 
readings and other means of grace were held at the bush 
tent. We expected a good rest; the relief from constant 
firing and attendant annoyances was greatly appreciated. 
We planned for enjoyment, but Sherman said Hood must 
be looked after, and we obligingly accompanied him back to 
Gaylesville, Ala. ; then moved on to our railway line of 
transportation at Kingston, when the sick, our Chaplain be- 
ing of that number, were sent to Chattanooga. 

The succeeding thirty-nine days were of ceaseless ac- 
tivity. Reaching Savannah, we reorganized our Christian 
Association by including the workers of the 101st and 87th 
Indiana Regiments. Qur temple was a small grove of pines ; 
the evenings being cool, the services were preceded by build- 
ing a fire. The attendance was increased by the colored 
brethren; their quaint ways of illustrating by allusions to 
Lincoln, Sherman, and his soldiers, as their deliverers, were 
amusing and instructive. Two consecutive Sabbaths we 
attended services in the city, by resident ministers; the 
music was grand; they gave us a cordial welcome and an 
invitation to come again. 

After leaving the city, the next two months were spent 
in traversing the swamps of the Carolinas; with the excep- 
tion of a brief halt at Fayetteville, we had no rest until we 
entered Goldsborough, N. C. The eighth day of April, the 
Chaplain came to us, and next day delivered an excellent 
discourse to an attentive audience; the prayer meeting in 
the evening was of great interest. On the 10th we began 



392 THE STORY OF A THOUSAND. 

our last campaign against the foe. by way of Smitbfleld to 
Jones' Crossroads, fourteen miles from Raleigh. The 23d, 
the Chaplain preached to the ])rigade; his eulogy of the 
martyred President was very impressive. The following 
Thursday evening jtrayer and praise meeting was a glad 
and happy one — Johnston had surrendered the previous day. 
That grand old doxology, -'Praise (iod from whom all 
blessings flow." gave the most expressive exp<»sition of that 
oecasion. This w;ls the last religious meeting of a general 
character held in tli-- flfld — thiec days afterward we were 
♦ • Homeward Bound. 



XXXII. 




Capt. Braden. 



THIRTY-YEARS AFTER. 

THE Thousand has melted back into the 
life from which it went forth at the bid- 
ding of the country. Its record in peace 
has been as honorable as it was in war. 
Scarcely a life has been of a character to 
bring a blush to the cheeks of his com- 
rades. Now, as when it was organized, 
farmers greatly predominate in the ranks 
of the survivors. There are mechanics, 
clerks, business men, a half-dozen law- 
yers, half a score of clergymen, five phy- 
sicians, four bank presidents, two publishers, three or four 
editors; two who have been judges of state circuit courts; two 
State Senators; one who has been a member of two Constitu- 
tional Conventions ; two representatives in state legislatures; 
three have been judges of probate ; two have been sheritt's; 
three county treasurers; two county auditors; three county 
surveyors; more than one-half the residue, town trustees, 
school directors or other local offices ; and almost all have filled 
positions of trust and honor, in their respective neighbor- 
hoods, in churches, societies and business, which show the 
esteem in which they are held by their fellows. Nearly all 
of them are members of the Grrand Army of the Republic ; 
and one is the Commander-in-chief of its largest depart- 
ment, Pennsylvania. Most of the officers belong to the 
different commanderies of the Legion of Honor. They are 
scattered in twenty-seven states, everywhere attesting by 
enterprise, probity and character, the great truth that the 

393 



3!t4 



TJIK ^Ti>i;y nF A TJIOUSANB. 



UKiii who vuluiiltM M- to servf his country in her hour of 
netil makes a lu'ltt-r rather tlian a worse citizen because of 
Buch sen'ice. 

Its ri'«rim«-ntai ass»Kialion was organized in 1875 and 
meets each year, on llii' anniversary week (»f the battle of 
Perryville, (Oct. 8) in one of the counties from which the 
re}£inient wius dniwn. Tlie secretary «»f tlie Association 
from liic tirst has been Comrade M. L. MaynaRl. of Char. 
don, Geau};a Couiilv, Ohio. t<> whose indefatijxable exertion 




U 



^' y 



.V 



I 



TwKMv Ykaks Ai-tku. 

has Ik'Oii "bii- much of its success. The permanent pres. 
ident is C<>1 (len. T. Perkin**. of Akron. Oiiio. The 
(hiuj:liter of Coimade Mayiiard. Miss Mattie Maynanl lias 
Iwen its H«)iit>r:ir\ Secretarv for maiiv v»'ar> ami if not tln' 



Thf nUivf plrturo 1* fnim u phuUvriipli of t>u« c«lor-»ruHnl nml t>olors of 
th<' JHMh. taken in \>»Z. Tho c«>lon. un- iiinoni; Uie mot*t tiitUTt-*! of ihe thn-o 
liuntin-)! ami nion- Imttlo IlitKH whloh ih«- Smto of Dhlo cheH^h^•!• with prlcU- 
and run- In tin* Cupitol ut rohunbuK. Tht-y arv lonDinl to tbo Sunlvor'n 
AiiMocliitlun <<nrh ycnroii tlw nnnlvorMiry of tho Iwltle of IVro'vUlo. and an* 
lUopliiyiMl tUiriuK Ow Koiinlon iis ui) oliJivlhrwwMi In pntrloti!«iu to the chlhlri'n 
and KniiidchlMrf II of thooc Mho >•) lirnvi-ly upiiflil tbcni. 



THIRTY-TEARS AFTER. 



395 




Albion W. Tourgee. 



306 77/ A- ST'>i:y (>F A TJlOUSAyn. 

daugiiUi ..i iu. i. u'i"< i-i. I- . ..iinted as a daugliter by 
every one of the lessening company of veterans whom each 
year she greets with umliminished warmth. 

As the years go by ami the numl»er of familiar faces 
grows rapidly less at each reunion, those who survive have 
still the consolation of kn<»wing that in peace as well as iu 
war the Story of the Thousand t<»ld in worthy deeds and 
lives, adds a modest but jx)sitive st)raething of luster to 
that noblest of all inheritances, the citizenship of the Great 
Republic which it is our glory that we helped to give to 
•' every person born or naturalized in the Tnited States or 
subject to its jurisdiction. " For the Magna Charta of 
American lil»erty was in fact fii-st traced by the swords of 
her citizen-soldiers before it was written in the constitution. 



THK KM> 



I 



ITINERARY 

OF THE 



105TH REGIMENT, 

OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

August 21, 1862 to June 8, 1865. 




COL. GEO. T. PERKINS. 



Giving the location of 

the regiment for 

every day of its 

service. 

Compiled 
from various 
sources, chiefly the 
Journal of Com- 
rade L. New- 
ton Parker 
of Co. 
I. 



August 1862. 




ADJT. ALBERT DICKERMAN. 



12—21. Camp Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio. 

22 — 24. Codington, Kentucky. 

25 — 29. Lexington, Kentucky. 

30 — Marched toward Richmond, Kentucky. 

31 — Returned to Lexington, Kentucky. 

September 1862. 

1 — 5. On retreat to Louisville, Kentucky. 
6 — 15. In camp, four miles from Louisville, Kentucky. 
16 — Review in Louisville, Kentucky. 

397 



4- 


- 


5- 


- 


()- 


- 7. 


8- 


_ 


9- 


-10. 


11- 


-12. 


IH- 


-19. 


19- 


-20. 


21- 


-28. 


29- 


-31. 



398 THF >T<iI;Y nf A TUOiSAyi). 

17 — 21. Ill caiiiii. m-ar l.<jui>ville. Kentucky. 

23 — Moved ln-yond railn»:iil, Louir^vilK-, Kentucky. 

2:^, — 3(1. In tamp, Louisvilk-. Kentiuky. 

OCTMHER 1SG2. 

1 — Bfiran march on Perryville campaign. 

2 — On march. 

2 — Arrived at Tayloi-sville. Kentucky. 

Arrive<l at Hloomtield. Kentucky. 
In caiup. (."^unthiy.) 
On mardi. toward Perrvville. 
I5ATTLE OF l'KKHV"\ ILI.E KKNTI ("KV. 
In camp, on liattle-field. 
On march to Danville. Kentucky. 
In camp at Danville. Kentucky. 
Forced march to Lebanon, Kentucky. 
Tn camp at Lehanon, Kentucky. 
On march to Munfordville, Kentucky. 

NoVKMHKH 1S62. 

1 — 29. In camp at Munfordville. Kentucky. 

30 — Be<ian march to(ilasgo\v, Kentucky. 

Dkce.muer 18G2. 

1 — Arrived at Glasgow, Kentucky. 

2 — 5. In camj) near Glasgow. Kentucky. 

(> — 9. On march to relieve Hartsville. Tennessee. 

10 — Arrived at Hartsville. Tennessee. 
11 — 25. In camp at ('a>«alian ."Springs. Tennessee. 

2t> — On march. 

27 — Passed through Scottsville, Kentucky. 

2S — Waded Barren Hiver. 

29 — .Vrrived at Glasgow. Keiitueky. 

31 — On mareh. 

Jam .\KV 1SIJ3. 

1 — On mareh. 

2 — Arrived at ('av»' City. Ki-ntucky. 

4 — 7. On mareh to Nashville, via Bowling Green. Ky 
R — 1(1. In ramp, three miles out of Nashville. Tennessee 
on .^IllrfreeslKl^o Pike. 

11 — 12. Train guard, Nashville to MurfreesUiro. Tenn. 

13_18. In camp. .NlurfreesUiro. Tennessee. 

19 — Captain Kphraim Ke*- died. 



ITINERARY. 399 

20 — In camp, Murfreesboro. 

21 — Forage party captured, near Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
22 — 31. In camp and on forage details. 

February 1863. 

1 — 5. On reconnaissance toward Lebanon, Tennessee. 

6 — Passed through Lebanon, Tennessee. 

7 — 8. Crossed Stone River on wagons, used as pontoons. 
9 — Return to camp in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 

10 — 13. Train guard to Nashville, Tennessee. 

14 — Return to camp at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 

15 — 18. In camp. 

19 — 22. On reconnaissance, two regiments. 

23 — Return to camp at Murfreesboro. 

24 — In camp. 

25 — First payment since regiment left Covington, Ky. 
26—28. In camp. 

March 1863. 

1 — 2. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 

3 — 7 • On reconnaissance. 

8 — 16. In camp. 

17 — -18. On reconnaissance with brigade. 

19 — Arrive at Auburn, Tennessee. 

20— BATTLE OF MILTON, TENNESSEE. 
21 — 24. In camp. 

25 — 26. Grand Review. 

27 — 31. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 

April 1863. 

1 — 5. In camp. 

6 — Company B detached as guard at Hospital. 

7 — 19. In camp. 

20 — 30. On reconnaissance, toward Liberty, Tennessee. 

Mav 1863. 

1 — 10. In camp, Murfreesboro, Tennessee. 

11 — Moved camp to new position. 

12—29. In camp. 

29 — Company B rejoined regiment. 

30—31. In camp. 

June 1863. 

1—23. In camp. 

24 — Started on Tullahoma campaign. 

25— BATTLE OF HOOVER'S GAP, TENNESSEE. 



400 THE STORY OF A THOUSAXD. 

26 — In line uf battle beyond Hoover's Gap. 

27 — Arrived :il Manchester, Tennessee. 
29 — 30. Marchinji and skirmishing. 

JiLY I8r,3. 

1 — Entered Tullalionia. Tennessee. 

2 — Crossed Klk and Duck Rivers, jnirsuing Bragg. 

3 — 6. On march. 
7 — 9. in eanip. 

10— COLONKL !I.\LL 1>1K1> vT Nil KFUKKS- 
HOKO. TKNM>-KK 

11 — '24. In camp. 

25 — Moved canij) beyond i'l-rlitrd, J'ennessee. 

20 — 28. In camj). 

29 — Marili lo t4>|> of Mountain : Camji University. 
30 — 31. In camp, I'niversity Heights, Tennessee. 

Aloubt 1863. 

1 — If). In camp. I'nivei-sity Heights. Tennessee. 

IG — 19. On march, liattle Creek Valley Uoad. 

2(1 — 29. In camp near Ja.s|H'r. Tennessee. 

30 — Crossed Tennessee River at Shell Mound. 

Sei'TE.mber 1S«»3. 

1 — 2. In camp at Shell Mound. Tennessee. 

:', ."» Oil march to Trenton. Georgia. 

»; In camp near Trenton, (ii*orgia. 

7 Marciieil to foot of L«K)k«»ut Mountain Range. 

^ In eamp. 

9 — Heard of evacuation of Chattan«»oga by Con- 
federates. 

10 — Regan march across Sand Mountains. 

11 .\rrive<l at top of mountain. 

IJ in eamp near l*t)nd Spring. Georgia. 

i:; Nlardied three miles ttt Hog-jaw Valley. 

II III line of liatth'. near I'onti Spring, (teorgia. 
1.') NIarched Hi a. n>.. ti» me»'t I'almer s I>ivisi»»n. 

III In ramp near lV»nd ."Spring, (Jeorgia. 

17 — Skirmishing on the right. 

18 — .>Iarched all night to the left. 

18 22. Companies C and H detailed with train. 

19—20. HATTLK OF CHICKAMAl'i; A. 

21 Fell back to Chattan<N)ga, Tennessee. 

22 — 30. Resieged in Chattan<»oga. Tennessee. Short 
rations ; heavy iluty ; frmjuent skirmishing. 



ITINERARY. 401 

October 1863. 
1 — 19. Besieged in Chattanooga, 

20 — Moved camp to right of raih-oad. 

21 — 31. In camp ; heavy duty ; light rations. 

November 1863. 

1 — 22. Besieged in Chattanooga. 

23 — Form line of battle left of Fort Negley. 

24— BATTLE OF LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN. 

25— BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE. 

26 — Thanksgiving Day- — -Pursuing the enemy. 
27 — 28. On march toward Ringgold, Georgia. 

29 — Return to Chattanooga. 

30 — In camp, Chattanooga. 

December 1863. 
1 — 31. In camp at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and vicinity. 

January 1864. 
1 — 24. In camp at Chattanooga and vicinity. 
25 — 27. Reconnaisance toward Harrison, Georgia. 

28 — Return to camp at Chattanooga, Tennessee. 
29 — 31. In camp in Chattanooga. 

February 1864. 
1 — 20. In camp at Chattanooga. 

21 — Advance to Ringgold, Georgia. 
22—29. In camp near Ringgold, Georgia. 

March 1864. 

1 — On outpost, in front of Hooker's Pass, near 

Ringgold, Georgia. 
2 — 31. In camp in front of Ringgold, with outpost duty 

every fourth day. 

April 1864. 
1 — 28. Same as March. On outpost near Ringgold, Ga* 

29 — Reconnaissance. Drove into enemy's pickets. 
30 — 31. In camp near Ringgold, Georgia. 

May 1864. 

1 — In camp near Ringgold, Georgia. 

2 — Reconnaissance toward Tunnel Hill, Georgia, and 

return. 

3 — 6. In camp. Preparing to advance. 



402 TIIF STonr "F A TII(>L'.<AyD. 

7 — In.... ;..i..... Formed line of Vcittle near 

Tunnel Hill. (Jeorgia. 
8 Moved forward cautiously ; fretiuent <kiruiislies. 

!• Pressing the eneuij' liack. 

10 l-oni: march to tbe right. 

11 llalle.l all day. 

IL' Moved at ;{ a. m. through Snake Creek Gap. 

Knemy falling hack to Resaca. 

13 — Crowded the enemv all dav until ilark. 

14— HATTLK OF RK.<ACA. ' 

15 Fighting to hold works captureil the day before, 

in front «>f Hesaca. 
16 — Enemy disappeared from our front. 

17 In pursuit. .^Iarciled through Calhoun. (Jeorgia. 

1'^ Still pursuing, parsed through Adair. (leorgia. 

]!• — Marclied along railroad to Kingston. Georgia. 

2(»— 21. On skirmish line at the front. 
22 — All extra liaggage sent to the rear. 

2H-- Marchetl south-hy-southeast all day ; waded 

Ktowah River. Idvouacketl in wiK>ds. 
24-- Under arms all day. 

25 — 27. On march . guarding trains. 
20- -HI. 'i'raiii guan"i. 

• IlNK Isili. 
1 \'rry hard man-li ti> the front : l»ivouacked in 

ri'serve. 
2 — 4. Constant skiruiishing. day anil night 
5 — Sharp skirmishing all night. Knemy wiilidivw. 

l> — 7. Marched half a day ; halted and threw up strong 

works. 
8-- 11. (juiet. No lighting. 

10 — Move«l foi'ward. Skirmishing all day. 

11 — Still pressing enemy. March all night. 

12 — Tired out. Slept in line in reserve. 

13 — Reconnais.sance. 

14 — .^Ioved forward. Hot lighting. 

15 — Secured good position and threw uji works. 

16 — Attacked : held position. 

17 — Knemy fell liack. Advancetl in second line. 
IS — Moved up on enemy's lin»'s. Hot work. 

10- Shar|) skirmishing. Knemy withdrew to Kenesaw. 

20 •_'.') Constant Skirmishing, 

26 ^loved to riiiht with irreat t-autioi) 

2; n\ TT L K ( » 1 ■ K K N K< A W M « » I .\ T .\ I N 



INTINERARY. 403 

28 — Hold position. 

29 — Truce to bury dead. 

30 — Night attack to secure an advance line. 

July 1864. 

1 — 2. Before Kenesaw. 

3 — ■ Enemy withdraw. Follow in pursuit. 

4 — Enter Marietta, (jrcorgia. 

5 — 10. In camp at Marietta, Georgia. 

11 — Ordered to the front. 

12 — 13. On reconnaissance. 

14 — 16 In camp, spires of Atlanta visible. 

17 — Crossed Chattahoochee Kiver on pontoons. 

18 — Marched down river two or three miles. 

19 — At the front. Sharp fighting. 

20— BATTLE OF PEACH TREE CREEK. 

21 — Drove enemy at 3 p. m. Pursued until dark. 

22 — Enemy fell back ; following him closely. 

23 — Hot work and hot weather. 

24 — Sunday ; both sides rest. 

25 — 31. In trenches before Atlanta, Georgia. 

August 1864. 

1- 7. Siege of Atlanta continued. 

8 — Regimental dog " Watch " mortally wounded. 

9 — Kelley, owner of '-Watch" mortally wounded. 
10 — 11. Heavy shelling. 

12 — 13. Brigade and division extending lines. 

14 — 19. Heav) duty. Constant skirmishing. 

20 — Companies D. H. and I sent to the right. 

21— TWO YEARS' SERVICE COMPLETED. 

22 — Usual siege-work. 
23—26. BATTLE OF ATLANTA. 

27 — Sharp attack. Captain Ambrose E. Mason died. 

28 — Moved to right at daylight to Red Oak Station. 

29 — In camp. 

30 — Worked all day destroying railroad. 

31 — Moved to the front. 

September 1864. 

1— BATTLE OF JONESBOROUGH. 

2— ATLANTA TAKEN. 
3 — 12. In camp. 

14 — 15. Foraging. Crossed Chattahoochee River. 



404 



Tllh: <T>inY OF A TJI(jU.<A.\D. 



l);_L'r.. In eaiiii) m-ar Atlanta, (leortria., witli picket duly 
now antl tlicn. Numerous leaves ami 

furlouirlis. 

27 — ("oloiK'l IVrkins and Lieut. Loekwood start home. 

28 — Major Edwards iletailed on Court Martial. 

Captain Wileox in command. 
•J.\\ Import «»f enemy in our rear. ]..ieutcnant Castle 

received leave of absence for thirty days. 
30 — Xo more furloughs to he granted. Enemy 

moving to the rear. 

(JCTolJER 1S(;4. 

1 L' I iidi 1 iirdi-rs to move in pursuit of H<K>d. 

;i- B» gin march at 2 p. m. 

4- Ue-crossi-d Chattahoochee on K. I\. bridge. 

5 ^larch through Maiietta, (leorgia. 

(i- I'assed point of Kencsaw Mountain. 

7 — On march towanl Ackworth. (ieorgia. 

H — On march ; halted near Ackworth, Georgia. 

10 — On march through Allatoona Pass. 

11 — March toward Kingst«in. (Jcorgia. till ntK»n. 

Hold Stat*' election in the afternoon. 

12 — .^Iarch toward Rome, (Jeorgia. 

i:^ — In i-amp until 4 p. m. : marched until 2 a. m. 

\A — March at daylight : arrive at Cahoma. Georgia. 

15 — Cross Oostanaula Kiver «>n pontoons. 

16 — .March through Snake Creek Gap. 

17 — General Sherman issues order to prepare f<u- a 

long and arduous campaign in pursuit of 
Hood. 
IS — Marcii south, leaving LaKayette to the right. 

19 — On tlie Summerviile Road. 

20 — Pass Logansp(»it l't»>lolIice. 

21 — 28. Kegimeiit running mill, grinding wheat and 
Ifuilding bridge at Gaylesville. Alab.ima. 

29 — On march toward Kouie. Georgia 

30 — .V I rive at Koine. (W-orgia. 

31 — In <'amp near Koine. 

NiiVKMUKK I'^C'l. 

1 — Foraging. 

2 — On mareh. 

:', 11 Ineaujpat King^lon .( ieorgia. 
12 ^lareh over n>a<l we had already twice travelrd. 

toward .\(kworth. Georiria. 



ITINERARY. 405 

13 — Destroy railroad; pass through Ackworth; arrive 

at Big Shant}'. 

14 — Tear up raih'oad. Marietta burning. 

15 — March to Athmta. Destroy everything that coukl 

give aid and comfort to the enemy. 

16— MARCH TO THE SEA BEGUN. Passed 

Decatur, Georgia. 

17 — Standing order to break camp at 7 a. m. 

March through Lithonia and Congress, Ga. 

18 — March through Oxford, Ga. ; cross Yellow River. 

19 — March toward Monticello, Georgia. 

20 — Arrive at Siiady Dale, Georgia. Destroy stores. 

21 — On march toward Milledgeville, Georgia. 

22 — In advance of corps. Camp twelve miles from 

Milledgeville. 

23 — Ari'ive at Milledgeville. Legislature adjourned 

before we arrived. 

24 — In camp near Milledgeville, Georgia. 

25 — March through Milledgeville. Camp eight 

miles beyond. 

26 — Sharp skirmish at Sandersville, Georgia. 

27- — Rapid march northwestward. Burned large 

amounts of cotton. 
28 — On march. Reached town of Louisville, Georgia. 

29 — 30. Marching with constant skirmishes. 
December 1864. 
1 — Ordered to the front. Drove Ijack enemy. 

2- — 3. Marched and tore up railroad track. 

4 — Sent to support cavalry at Waynesboro, Georgia. 

5 — 7 . On march, low swampy region. 

8 — Enemy attack rear guard ; in line until midnight. 

9- — 10. On march ; destroying railroad. 

11 — Nearing Savannah ; wade very wide stream. 

12 — Capture boat loaded with supplies. 

] 3 — Moved round to right ; sharp fighting. 

14—15. FORT McAllister taken, communi- 
cation OPENED WITH THE NORTH. 

16 — On march ; crossed Ogeechee River. 

17 — In rear of train ; no rations. 
18^ — March eai'ly. 

19 — On march. Cold nights. 

21— ENEMY EVACUATED SAVANNAH. 

22 — Camped in suburbs of Savannah. 
23 — 31. In camp, Savannah, Georgia. 



1— 


10. 


2<i_ 




20- 


L'l. 


25— 




20— 




27— 




28— 




29- 


•.n. 



40C ■////•' >/"/.')■ "/■ 1 rilnr>AM), 

.1 A.N t .\ It 1 J -ti.'l. 

In t-aiiip. Savannah, (ieorgia. 

M'ivt'(l up the river, seven miles above city. 

I II camp, seven miles alxjve city. 

.Nloveil to eamp tifteen miles from Savannah. 

On march. Hoails blocked with feUed timlier. 

Marclied to Sprinirfield, (leor«ria. 

Marched up Savannah Hiver. 

In camp ; river too hijrh to cross. 

Kkiuuakv ISC'). 

1 — 4. In <-:inip wailini: lor river to fall. 

5 — ('ri.~.-(il S;i\:iiin:di Ilivcr into S<iuth Carolina. 

tj — I II canii). 

7 — Man-li eleven and a half miles: pass Ihrouixh 

Kobertsville. South Carolina. 

H — On march. -M.vKKi.Nti <tiR roiKSE with firk. " 

9 — On march, road leadinjj toward AujrusUi, (Jeoriria. 

10 — Marched to liarnwell C. H., S. C, and camped. 

11 — Started at noon for Williston, South Carolina: 

camp after dark. 

12 — Hard march of twenty miles : tore up It K. 

track ; water scarce, 
i:^ — Itcacli Kclisto river al)out no«>n. 

14 — Crossed S. Kdisto. and N. Kdisto. camp 11 p. in. 

15 — March until Itt p. m.. a rou«:h ilay. 

IG — March throujih lA'xin«rton C. 11., S. C. 

17 — Start late, crossed river on pontoons. 

18 — Built c«»r<luroy roads, man-hed near Broad Hivt-r. 

19 — Crossed river, tore up W. W. track : marched to 

Alston. South Carolina. 

20 — In camp, and on fora^re expeililion. 

21 — Starti'd for \Vinsborou<rh. South Carolina. 

22 — Tore up K. H. north of Columltia S. C. 

23 — .>larched to Kocky .^Iount, S. C. . <>ainped. 

24 — 2H. In camp ; streams hii;h. pioneei-s havinjr trouliic 

with pontoons. 
28 — Move at midni<_dit; until daylijjht cro>i>iini: river 

.>! \K< II ISCi.'t. 

1- Man-h at daylight, our regiment in ailvanoe. 

2- ^l:ln•h. our regiment in rear. 

3- ( r.i^^cd L\iiciiers' Creek n«'ar niirlit. 



ITINERARY. 407 

4— CHARLESTON, S. C, OURS ! WILMINGTON, 

N. C, ALSO ! 

5 — March to Great Pedee River. 

(3 — In camp ; " no vandalism in the 'old north 

STATE.' " 

7 — March without breakfast, trouble with pontoons. 

8 — March twenty-five miles. Left Rockingham, 

North Carolina, on our left. 

10 — On march; bad roads; short rations, 

11 — March Ave miles; enem}' strong in front. 

12 — March toward Fayetteville, North Carolina. 

13 — • Camp in Fayetteville. Destroy machinery of 

Arsenal. 

14 — Troops on move through town. 

15 — Brooks, of Co. D, wounded by citizen. 

16 — ■ Marched at 3 a. m., eight miles and camped. 

17 — Only made three miles; built corduroy road. 

18 — Only made five miles; built corduroy road. 

19 — Heavy firing at front; roads very bad. 

20— Sent to front. BATTLE OF BENTONVILLE. 

21 — In camp. 

22 — March towards Goldsborough, North Carolina. 

23 — March through Goldsborough and camped. 

24 — Regiment looks hard, clothes and bodies worn 

with marching. 

25 — Dan Rush killed. No one safe outside camp. 

26 — In camp; large mail; first since January 10th. 
27 — 31. In camp, building works; on picket. 

April 1865. 

1 — 2 . In camp, near Goldsborough, North Carolina. 

3 — Review. 

4— 7. In camp. NEWS OF THE FALL OF RICH- 

MOND AND PETERSBURG RECEIVED ! 
8 — 9. In camp, Goldsborough. North Carolina. 

10 — Moved at 8 a. m. Skirmishing at intervals. 

11 — On march at daylight; our brigade in advance. 

12 — Enemy contesting every inch of ground; took 

Smithfield, N. C. NEWS OF LEE'S SUR- 
RENDER RECEIVED ! 

12 — March to Clayton, North Carolina. 

13 — Mayor and citizens surrender Raleigh, N. C. 

14 — Move at 8 a. m. March all day. 

15 — On march. 



; - THE STfUiV OF A TJ/Oi'SAyU. 

1(;_ l';i,^ ilti....-i. lldlly Spriugs. Tlay KiUly. L\>. K. 

shot. 

17 — In faiui*: unvst man who shut K<Mv. 

is_ WOKKIL PAY! NKWS UK ' LINCOLN S 

ASSASSINATION KK.CKnKI* '. 
r.t _' ; In camp. 

24— 2t;. NHWS OK JOHNSTONS SI KKHNI>KH. 
28 — Miivt'd through Holly Springs. N. C, and camped 

21» — In canjp. 

30 _ St.-irt on honic-strctch. via HichnioniL \'irginia. 

.M.w ISC'). 

1 — On March; made twenty-live miles: halted an 

hour Itefore sundown. 

2 — On march: made over twenty miles: got alu-ad of 

2<ith Corps 
:; — Oil iiiaich; made over fifteen miles: crossed 

Hoanoke River. 

4 — On march: made over twenty miles: cro.ssed 

South and North Forks of Meherrin Kiver. 

5 — ('rosse<l Notlaway Hiver. 

I! — Marched twenty-seven miles; crossed Appimjat- 

tox Kiver; l(»st four men with sunstroke. 

7 — Marched twenty-live miles; camped three miles 

from Kichmond. N'irginia. M.vkciik.u 205 

.MII.KS IN L.XST KKillT I>.\VS ! 

8 — 10. In camp near Hichmond, ^'a. ; men hadly used up. 

11 — Marched twenty-two miles. 

12 — Marchetl ten miles; passed HaiK»ver C. H . \ a. 

18 — Marche«l at 5 a. ni. : passfd through New Market, 

\'irginia. 

14 — Marched seventeen miles, making westwaril. 

15 — Marched twenty (Uie miles; crosst-il Kajtidan 

Kiver at Kai'C(M>n Ford. 
IG — Marched fourteen miles : cro-'sed Kappahann(K'k 

Kiver at Kelly Ford. 

17 — Mari'lu'd seventeen miles; crossed Aquia Creek. 

18 — Marched twenty-one miles; passed Manassas 

Junction; crosst-d liull Kun; marched through 

Ceiiterville. 
I'J — Marchetl ten miles; camped near Alexandria. \'a. 

20 — 21. In camp, near Alexandria. \'irginia: pn'|»aring 

.^Iuster Kolls. 
2H — Kegimeiital inspection. 



ITINERARY. 409 

24 — Grand review in Washington; color-l)earer 

received bouquet from General Sherman. 

25 — MoA'ed camp ; crossed Long Bridge ; camped on 

Union giound. 
2(j— 31. In camp near Washington: making out Muster 
Rolls. 

June 1865. 

1 — - Making out Muster-out Rolls; getting ready to 

go home. 

2 — All over; mustered out; start for home tomorrow. 

3 — Homeward bound, via Baltimore & Pittslnug. 

4 — Reached Pittsburg 11 p. m. ; left 1 a. m. for 

Cleveland, Ohio. 

5 — Arrive in Cleveland 1(1 a, m. : had reception; 

occupy old barracks . 

6 — 8. Turn over ordnance — addressed by Governor Tod 

— are paid off and discharged — start for home — 
CITIZENS AGAIN ! 

The wliole period of service, from the date of Muster- 
in. August 21, 18G2, until finall}' discharged at Cleveland, 
Ohio, June 8. 1865, was three 3'ears nine months and 
eighteen days. The distance marched in that time was 
over 8000 miles. From the time the regiment left the cars 
at Lexington, Kentucky, on the 25th of August, 1862, 
until it left Washington, D. C, June 3d, 1865, neither the 
regiment, as a bod)', nor an}' company of the same, was on 
any train of cars, or boat, or had any transportation. It 
marched all the way, passing through seven states. The 
statistics of loss and details of individual service may be 
found in the tables of the appendix. 



APPENDIX. 



APPENDIX. 



I. 

Report of Colonei^ Ai^bert S. Hall of the part taken by the One 

HUNDRED and FIFTH OHIO INFANTRY IN THE BATTLE OF PERRYVILLE. 



Having commanded the One hundred and fifth Regiment Ohio Vol- 
unteer Infantry in the engagement of the 8th instant near Perryville, 
Ky., it becomes my duty, although now commanding the Tenth Division, to 
report the part taken by said regiment in the battle. The regiment was on the 
march from Maekville to Perryville as part of the Thirty-third Brigade, com- 
manded by General W. R. Terrill. in the Tenth Division, commanded by 
Brigadier-General James S. Jackson, in the First Army Corps, commanded 
by Major-General McCook. 

The Thirty-fourth Brigade, commanded by Colonel Webster, of the 
Ninety-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was in the advance and 
engaged the enemy at about 2.30 p. m. On heai-ing the fire of the skirmishers 
General Terrill ordered forward the Thiriy-third Brigade with all possible 
dispatch, and reached the field about 3 p. m. 

My regiment was marching in rear of Parsons' battery, and at the 
moment of reaching the field was ordered to form on the left of the road in 
reserve. This point was occupied but a few moments when the order of 
General Terrill was given to file to the left through the timber to the extreme 
left of the Union forces. Upon reaching my position I found the One hun- 
dred and twenty-third Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry. Colonel Monroe, 
hotly engaging the enemy to the right and rear of Parsons' battery, then in 
position. 

At the moment of coming into position on the left and rear of Parsons' 
battery it was apparent that the enemy were determined to charge through 
the left of the One hundred and twenty-third Illinois Volunteers and cut off 
the battery. 

This movement was immediately and effectually repulsed by the destruc- 
tive fire of Parsons' battery, and the charge of that wing of my regiment, 
most gallantly led by Major Perkins, executed by order of General Terrill, 
who was personally present. 

The fire at this moment was terrific beyond description, and the running 
through my line of a six-horse team drawing a caisson created some disorder 
in my center. At almost the same moment of this repulse of the enemy a 
determined assault was made by them on our left. A battery opened on us 
from the enemy's right, and from the form of the ground nearly enfiladed my 
line. Parsons' battery was stationed on a sharp crest of open ground, about 
eighty yards from a wood occupied by the enemy. From this crest the 
ground descended to the woods and then ascended, so that the enemy 



ii Al'l'KXDIX. 

(lelivt-rt-U UH the tire of consecutive buttalions in rtir of each other. Thi- 
buttery was ulso on u crest which abruptly terminated on the left a few 
yards from the kuok. exiMsini; the support to a cross-ttre from the enemys 
extreme rlifht, of which the enemy, as before described, promptly availed 
themselves. 

Thus at the distance of eijf hty yards, in an open Held, diu Parsons' bat • 
tery and the One hundred and tlfth Hetfinieui Ohio Volunteer Infantry 
deliver to the Onemy a most terrible tire, receiving in return the tire of aii 
entlludint; Imttery and of a reljel britntde concealed in the woods. The 
battery becoming dlsable<l. and the rebel battery on our flunk makiuK our 
position untenable, by the order of General TerriU. in person. 1 moved my 
regiment sixty yards to the rear and formed on the line of an old fence, then 
mucli broken down. The enemy followed the movement, and when they had 
reached the crest (our former iH)sition), received a lire that opened their 
ranks with the wildest havoc. Hut the position of the ground was such thai 
we were still uniler the tire of their Itattery. and the t|Uick eye of (Jeueral 
Ternll discoveriuf? a movement of the enemy in a ravine to turn our left 
again ordered the rejriment to retire into a comUeld in our rear, which wu> 
done in Kood order and promptly formed. In this cornfield, bein« much 
exposed to the artillery and musketry of the enemy and hidden from each 
other by the corn, some irri'tfularity occurred in the line, while a movement 
by the Hunk, then ordered by (.leneral TerriU, who could not be seen or heanl 
distinctly by the command, tended still more to divide and scatter the retri 
ment. The most of the living, however, followed the movement promptly, 
and formed in the rear of Bush's battery, by General Terrill's onler. ami 
there remained In its supiwrl until the close of the enttaKement. At this last 
position, in the rear of Bush's buttery, our brave and l)eloved TerriU. who 
had stood by my side and moved with my re^rimenl from the moment it was 
enKu^ed. fell mortally wounded by the fratrment of a shell. At this moment 
the disability of the i;eneral threw the command of the Thirty-third Brigade 
upon me. Turning' over the command of the One hundred and tlfth Kegimeni 
Ohio Volunteer Infantry to Lieutenant-Colonel ToUes I proctnxled to collect 
the liri^ade. 

In the early part of the enna>:ement. and before the Thirty-third ItriKiide 
became entrajred. Lieuteuant-C'oUmel ToUes. with eight comiMinies. by onler 
of General TerriU. was sent to the left of the road a mile in rear of the line 
of buttle to protect the rear. He jolnetl me at Bush's Imttery. having come 
forward and joined in the en^'agement with the Eightieth Illinois Kegiment 
Of the bravery manifested by the olllcers and enlisted men of the One hun- 
dred and Hfth Kegiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry I can speak with the 
highest .satisfaction. Not an ofHccr and but few of the enlisted men Hinched 
from the hull of death or left their [wsltlons until ordered by their proper 
oHlcers. 

In the engagement at PerryvlUe they have covertnl themselves with 
ImiK'rlshable honor. Citizen Mildlers. with not twenty days' drill, they have 
exhibited the coolness and eltlclency of veterans. Of the mortality and of 
our woundeil I spi-ak with choking sorrow. Captain L. D. Kee. Company I 
and Ko»)ert Wilson, of Company H. are no more; they fell ujjon that fatal 
crcHt by Parsons' battery— the former dead, the latter mortally wounded. 
Braver or lielter men never lived; truer imtrlots never offered a holler 
nacrlHce to their enuutry's cause. On the same s|K)t twenty nine enllstt-il 
men of my n'glnu-nt gave their lives to the cause of constitutional llln-rty 
each a precious oflerlng on frvetlom's altar. (;«h1 of the true and l)n»ve: 
these are thine; their country caUs them no uion-. There lot> «in that fatal 
s|>ol were wounded no less than ISuof their gallant comrades. A. S. Haui. 



APPENDIX. iii 

II. 

Concerning Cannon Captured by the Third Division of the Akmy 

OF the Cumberland at the Battle of Missionary Ridge. 



It has not been deemed advisable to cumber the text of this volume with 
the controversy that has arisen in regard to the capture of cannon and prison- 
ers on Missionary Ridge. The truth about the matter is very easy to perceive. 
The division captured the guns in Its front and also prisoners who opposed 
them. Being then moved to the left, along the crest of the Ridge, other forces 
came up and occupied the ground over which they had passed and cluimed to 
have captured the guns they found abandoned there, in some cases without 
knowledge of their previous capture, also the prisoners who were in our rear, 
The following extract from Rev. David B. Floyd's "History of the Seventy- 
fifth Indiana Volunteers " gives a very clear accoimt of the matter, and is 
supplemented by the reports of Colonel Van Derveer, General Turchin and 
General Baird in regard to the same : 

"It was in this struggle of our Division with Cheatham's Division (Third 
Division, Fourteenth Army Corps ) that Colonel E. H. Phelps, the heroic com- 
mander of the Third Brigade, was killed. He was the only commander above 
a regiment that lost his life in the taking of Missionary Ridge by the Army of 
the Cumberland. 

" Cheatham's Confederates were trying to remove from our front a piece 
of artillery to which two wounded horses — one of them a gray— were 
attached. Some of our boys were struggling to capture it. The line of battle 
of the rear regiments in our brigade at this moment was in a recumbent 
position. On witnessing Cheatham's men and ours grappling for this piece of 
artillery, Colonel Robins )n ordered his regiments to arise, fix bayonets, form 
line of battle facing north, with the right wing of the regiment extending down 
the east slope of the Ridge, and to charge along the slope of the Ridge in the 
direction of this piece of artillery." ...... 

Certain parties have been laboring hard for twenty-tive years to make it 
appear that the famous charge of the Army of the Cumberland up the face of 
Missionary Ridge was made alone by the Div^isions of Sheridan and Wood, of 
the Fourth Corps, and that these two divisions ciiptured all the cannon and 
prisoners. Baird's entire Division and two Brigades of Johnson's Division of 
the Fourteenth Corps, who were in the assault, and captured their share of 
prisoners and cannon, are overshadowed by these parties. The Fourth Corps 
did not constitute the Army of the Cumberland, by any means. Even officers 
of high rank — like Sheridan and Hazen — got into a wrangle over the capture 
of these cannon. One accuses the other of misappropriation of these field- 
pieces, and hauling them off, when they did not capture them. Certain it is, 
that some very shameful and dirty work was done in this regard, as the 
accompanying reports of our Brigade and Division commanders will show. 
In his official report Colonel Van Derveer says : 

'• As my men sprung over these works, the enemy's cannoneers were 
caught in the act of loading and were bayonetted or driven off before they 
could fire their pieces. Five guns were found here in position and captured 
by the Brigade, two by the Second Minnesota and three by the Thirty-fifth 
Ohio. The larger part of the enemy retired beyond the Ridge toward the left, 
vigorously pursued, and driven near half a mile. For thirty minutes a very 
determined resistance was made by the enemy. Many of the troops of my 
command, having in their charge up the Ridge lost their regimental organiza- 
tions, were in .some disorder for a short time, bat all pressed toward the enemy. 
The Ninth Ohio and the Seventy-fifth Indiana came up in good order, and 
were placed in line perpendicular to the Ridge and fronting the Rebels. 



iv APPESDIX. 

■• DarknetiK cnmine on. tir\as ceased upon botb sides, and my Britnide 
l>lvouacked on ihe iTCsi of Mi^Monuo' RidKe. After the action one other 
piece of artillery, ubamloiud by the enemy, was found by the Seveiity-tlfth 
Indiana, and t.iken ehunfe of. The K^uns that were taptun-d by my command 
were left where found, while our men pursuol the enemy alon^ the Kidjje 
toward Tunnel Hill While they were thus ubM.>nt the pieces were hauled off 
to our rear by men said to beloiiK to Brifjadier-General Wood's Di\-lsicin which 
was upin the rl».'ht. / nair I tune gun* bring taken loirard the grountt occupUd 
t/jf thai IHrition, and u|»on inquiry I was informed thai they were beinir taken 
to a |)osition w here they could l>e used a^^ainsi the enemy. My liriKade at the 
same time captured one caisson with six horses attached and a limber with 
one iwlr of horses. Thes*-. too. were taken »o the rear with the jnins. Xo other 
troopt irtre near this battery tchtn taken. The enemy were driven from it by 
my own men. and we th\is liist |>osKei>Kion while irallantly entra^rini; the 
retn-aiing Kelx-l for<e." 

General Turchln. commanding the First Brigade of our Division, in his 
rejiort says : 

•After leavliiK The Kidtre I «lo not know what IxHrame of the cannon 
captured by my Brigade, but as Beatty's HrlKa<le. Wood's Division, occupied 
the hill which we slt)rmed an<l most of the gmund to the left of It. I presTime 
theKuns were taken by the rejrimentsof General Beatty's command, and per- 
hap-i some of the .Sit-ond Brigade of our Division. 

•• The fact was. that reaching the top of the hill we had more serious work 
to perform thim to count and »ruanl cannon. The enemy was in .•••tronj; force 
on our left, and until the Se<'ond and Third Brigades climl>ed the hills assi^iol 
to them, all our ener»fle> were dlrecte<l to fl>;hlinK the enemy, and not to 
irroupinK and displaying systematically the captured cannon." 

General Absalom Buinl. the commander of the Division, says In his 
report: 

" In this movement fn)ni the p<iint when- my rielit t:aintsl the top to the 
extn-me left ten or twelve pieces of artillery were cupture<l. My men found 
them In the iios.ses>ion of the enemy, some with sirnnj: infantr>° sup|«»rt.s. They 
drove him from them and |<a.s.«<-<| over them in pursuit. One of theve batteries 
was recaptun-"! by a nilly of the enemy, but a^ikin taken by us. The cr\"«llt of 
cajiturinj; seven of these suns Is clainie<l by the First Brltmde. and the Secon<l 
claim to have taken live. It Is not impossible that two arc the same in the 
claim of ea«-h of the jmrtles; for the men trot much min);le<l together at the en«l 
of the assault, yet they m ly U' distinct. Certain It Is. that Ihe men of th« <UrU- 
ion took ten gunii nut of the hand* of tht en«m>f,an-i tha' " ■ r rtturneit 

to him. 

■■ While lhu-4 en>ra?ed upon the extreme left, the k""' "in.-.'i \n- had cap- 
tnn-il. an«V whUh we hail left in the |i.>sliion where we had found them. wer« 
carried off to the rear, and we have since U-en unable to identify thein individu- 
ally, «> as to claim them. I leini that aM the t;un«. turned over to the chief of 
artlller>' have been clalme<l by thosi- presenilni; them as their capture, leavlnt; 
none for this UivKlon. I n-un-t for the sikke of the brave men who mi fearleasly 
risketl their lives in takinj; them, that this is so: but 1 felt at the time that we 
had a hik'herduty to perform, a- lon>c as there wiis an enemy iobecneo»ndert«d, 
than that of stoppini; to secun' trophies for exhibition after the Inttle. In- 
di-e<l, I was not ., '::it without stn-nuous exertion wo\il<l we U- able to 

retain what w< .:alne«l. In eonslderiiiif the evldeni««' of thcM- cop- 

ttinr* which I 'u: ■ ;i.ilf of mv c<innuiind. I trust that the i;«-nenil ("tim- 

mandlnu will r»«memt>er that the ifuns of the enemy U'Ihk widely x-atiered 
iiloiiir tlw Bl'lu'-. vi-ry few in one spot, a brlmide or division to have ca|itunxl 



APPENDIX. V 

an unusual number mustnot only have taken possession of the worksm ilt: own 
front, but must have passed widely to the right and left along the crest, before 
the arrival of other troops. The prisoners whom we captured, most of them, 
like the guns, were sent to the rear to be taken care of by others less occu- 
pied. Out of more than 300 taken we have receipts for less than 200." 



III. 

Extract from the Rkport of Major-Genehal Absalom Baird, 

Commanding Third Division, Fourteenth Armt Corps, 

on the attanta campaign. 



" September 3d, it was announced that Atlanta had been evacuated, and our 
campaign was at an end. In this long, remarkable, and glorious campaign the 
soldiers of this army have endured fatigues, sufferings, and privations which 
will never be known or related. The quiet and heroic patience with which all 
has been undergone, and duty performed, whilst establishing for them the 
highest reputation as soldiers, will still tend to ca'ise their hardships to be 
forgotten. Starting without transportation, and with only the supplies for an 
expedition of three or six weeks, these things have been required to last for 
four months; so that often our officers, lying in the dirt and rain for days 
without shelter, have been unable to preserve the ordinary cleanliness which 
is essential to health, and many have broken down for want of proper food. 
During the greater part of the time our men have lain constantly under the 
enemy's fire, at every moment liable to be picked off, whilst the sound, not of 
distant artillery and musketry, but of the clo.sely-whistling bullet and bursting 
shell, has seldom been out of their ears. The rest which they have experienced 
by the simple cessation of these noises has been great. Our losses, in the .slow 
operations of the trench, on picket, on daily and nightly skirmishes, as well a,s 
in battle, although distributed over a great length of time, yet equal in the 
aggregate the casualties of the greatest battles. The following report exhibits 
the total loss of the division in killed and wounded during the campaign, from 
the 7th of May to the 7th of September : 

Killed. Wounded. Missing. Total. 

o g o g ""o §" o ~s" > 



Division Staff 1 1 2 .... 22 

First Brigade 7 5.5 l-'i 277 2 22 334 356 

Second Brigade 3 23 10 179 4 13 206 219 

Third Brigade 4 109 31 487 10 35 606 641 



Total infantry 14 187 57 943 .... 16 72 1146 1216 

Artillei-y 9 9 9 

Total of Division. 14 187 57 952 1 16 72 1155 122-5 
" This loss of 1,2'25 officers and men is to be compared not with the aggre- 
gate effective force of 8.460 men with which we entered upon the campaign, but 
with a much smaller average in the field, as the time of many regiments soon 
expired, reducing our strength at the end of the campaign to an aggregate of 
4 840 officers and men. 



vi APPENDIX 

"The divisioei captured <luriu>; thi.- four aioiuhs ft08 meu, iucludiiig 61 
•oOlctTs. One huniiri-<l and fony-sevcn of these desirvd to l^e sent to the re*r 
and cla>sed &>s de.>«ner>. the rest a> prisoners of war. It will Ije seen by this 
that whiie the division has not lo>t in all 'Jj prisoners, that it ha.*- taken fruiu 
the retKL'l army. inde|>endent of those kille<i and wounded, almost as many 
xaen a^ it has lost in battle. S<jme flags have )jeen captured, but not all 
'turned over to me. Of material trophies, however, we have obtained but little 
c-xccpt arms of no f^reat value to our armv. 

'A. BAIRD. 
'• Hritfadier-Genenil. Conuuandin;? Division." 



IV. 

!E«TKACT tltuM THE KEPoUT OV CoI-. UUEASON CoMMANUlNC^ SECo.NU 
UHU.AUK.. UN THE ATLANTA CAMPAIGN. 



The Brifn>d<? Commander reports the following eoneeming the Second 
•Brij.'ude durlon this campaftni : 

•• During the whole of this lalwrious and eventful campaign theofWcers and 
onli.-led nu-n of this brigade have at all time,"- manifested that patienc-e and 
•cheerful attention to duly for which they have heretofore l>een so signally 
distinguished. Where all have ilone s<j well it would >eem unjust to discrimi- 
nate. I cannot, however, fail to ctimniend the faithful concluct of Lieutenant- 
Colonel W. O'Uricn. commanding Seventy-fifth Indiana Volunt^-ers; Lieuten- 
jint-Colonel Thomas Doan. One Hundred and First Indiana Volunteers; 
Lieutenant-Colonel J. \V. Bishop. Second Minnesota Veteran Volunteers: 
Lieutenant-Colonel E. P. Humnionil. Kighty-seventh Iii<liana Volunteers: 
Lieutenant-Colonel George T. Perkins. One Hundn,-<1 and Fifth Ohio Volun- 
teers: and Maj.ir Joseph L. Budd, Thirtv-Ilfth Ohio Volunteers: also Major C 
J. McCole. commanding Seventv-ttflh Indiana Volunteers since July ju. and 
Major Charles (;. Kd^anN. comimintUng One Hundred and Fifth Ohio Volun- 
iteers in supi>ort of the skirmish line during the advance on August .S, and Major 
R. C. Sabin. Eighty-.seventh Indiana Volunteers, commanding skirmish line, 
.all of whom have handled their resi>ective commands with promptness and 
ability. The^.' ofMcers deserve great credit for their gallant, strict and faithful 
■execution of orders on all iK-casions. Theri- are many line onie»'rs and enlisteil 
men who deserve special mention, Imt the limits of this re|«irt will only allow 
me to re-jK-'ctfully refer to the reports of the regimental eoninuinders. When 
the brigade left Hlnggiild the effective force numUretl 2MV. Two n*glm«-nts. 
the Ninth Ohio and Thirty-llfth Ohio, have left the brigade on account of the 
expiration of their term of service. The Sc-cond Minnesota is siiU absent. 
Eflective force present in four regiments. 1,1'JO. 

CaMialtics of four regiments: 

KILJ.KD. WUCNDBD. MIS.SIHU. 

C 2 C S O 2 > 



•M7lh Indiana \ l.i.-m 

Col K r 
TTilh Indutiia \ .Nlujor 

C. J .M.C.... 

lOlHt Indiana \'<>Ui[itecrH. Llcut 

Col Tboma> l>i>an 

laMh Ohio Volunteent. Lieut - 

Col. Gi-orve T. Perkins 



Total. 



:i 


1 J.I 


1 ■» 


27 


■ 


1 ii< 


X s> 


•» 


-• 


■> 


») 


S.' 


t 


1 Ji» 


1 « 


34 


l.s 


w 


.'. IH 


IIU 



APPENDIX. vii 

•' The casualties of the Second Minnesota and Thirty-tifth Ohio regiments 
will bear a proportional average with the above regiments, including one officer 
in each regiment killed. The members of the Brigade Staff— Captain Clinton 
A. Cilley, Acting Assistant Adjutant General; Captain Samuel L' Hommedieu, 
Assistant Inspector General; Captain Sanford Fortner, Provost Marshal; Cap- 
tain M. D. Ellis, Topographical Engineer; Lieutenant C. C. Colburn, Acting 
Aide-de-Camp; Lieutenant W, H, Osborn, Acting Commissary of Subsistence; 
Lieutenant W. H. Connor, Acting Assistant Quartermaster— have faithfully 
discharged the duties of their respective departments. Captains Cilley and 
L' Hommedieu having been absent since July 15th, Captains Fortner and 
Ellis have performed their duties, the former that of Acting Assistant Adjutant 
General, the latter Acting Inspector, in a highly efficient manner. 
•• I am. Major, very respectfully, your obedient servant, 

"N. GLEASOX, 
•' Colonel Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteers, Commanding Brigade."' 



V. 
COPY OF DISCHARGE FROM NAVAL SERVICE. 
This is to certify that No. 89, Henry C. Sweet, Master at Arms, has 
this day been honorably discharged from the United States Steamer •'Gen- 
eral Thomas," and from the Naval service of the United States. 
Pated this June 24, 1865. 

GEO. P. RAND, 
Approved , Acting Paymaster. 

GEO. MORTON. 

Acting Master. 

REVERSE. 
( Record of Enlistment. ) 
Henry C. Sweet, August 17. 1864; occupation, mason; eyes, blue; hair 
•dark; complexion fair; height 5 feet 7 inches. Served on U. S. S. "General 
Thomas." 



VI. 

FAREWELL ORDER OF GENERAL SHERMAN. 

HEADQUARTERS MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, I 
In the Field, Washington, D. C, May 30, 1865. \ 

" SPECIAL FIELD ORDERS, No. 76 : 

'• The General Commanding announces to the Armies of the Tennessee and 
Georgia that the time has come for us to part. Our work is done, and armed 
enemies no longer defy us. Some of you will be retained in service until 
further orders. And now that we are about to separate, to mingle with the 
civil world, it becomes a pleasing duty to recall to mind the situation of 
National affairs when, but little more than a year ago, we were gathered about 
the twining cliffs of Lookout Mountain, and all the future was wrapped in doubt 
and uncertainty. Three armies had come together from di.stant fields, with 
separate histories, yet Ijound by one common cause — the union of our country 
and the perpetuation of the Government of our inheritance. There is no need 
^o recall to your memories Tunnell Hill, with its Rocky Face Mountain, and 
Buzzard Roost Gap, with the ugly forts of Dalton behind. We were in earnest, 
and paused not for danger and difficulty, but dashed through Snake Creek Gap, 
and fell on Resaca. then on to the Etowah, to Dallas. Kenesaw ; and the heats 



viii APPESDIX. 

of summer found us on the banks of the Cliaitaho<x-hee, far from home and 
dependi'ijt on a single road for supplies. A^ain we were not to U? held back 
by anv obstacle, and crossed over and foui^ht four heavy battles for the |X)sses. 
sion of the citadel of Atlanta. That wa* tlie crisis of our history. A doubt 
still clouded our future; but we solved the problem, and desiroye<l Atlanta, 
struck boldly acmss the State of Ge«»rvia. secured all the main arteries of life 
to our enemy, and ChrLstma.s found us at Savannah. Waiting there only long 
enough to till our wiitfons. we attain betran a march, which for peril, labor, and 
results will compare with any ever made by an orjjanlzed army. The floods 
of the Savannah, the swamps of the Combahee an<l Edisto, the hijfh hills and 
r<x"ks of the Santee. the flat "luajfinires of the Pedee an<l Cape Fear Rivers, 
were all pusse<l in mi Iwinter. with its floods and rains, in the face of an 
ai-cumulatinK enemy : and after the battles of Aversborouvh and lientonsville , 
we once more came out of the wilderness to m ?et our friends at Uuldsljon>UKh. 
Even then we pause<l only lontf enough to tret clolhinj;. to reload our wap^ns. 
and aifain pushed on to Kaleich. and beyond, until we met our enemy, sulnx for 
peace instead of war, and offerinu to submit to the injured laws of his and our 
country. As lonif as that enemy was deflant. nor mountains, nor rivers, nor 
swamps, nor hunger, nor cold had checked us; but when he who had fouf;ht 
u>- bard and iK-rsistently. offered submission, your General thoufiht it wrong to 
pur-uc him further. an<l neijotiations foUowi-d which resulted, as you all know, 
in his surrender. How far the o|>erations of this army have contribute*! to the 
overthrow of the Confederacy, or the peace which now dawns on us. must iK' 
jurtjje<l by others, not by us. But that you have done all that men could do 
has been admitted by those in authority; and we have a riuht to join in the 
universal joy that Alls our land because the war is over, and our tJovemment 
stands vindicate^l before th? world by the joint action of the volunteer armies 
of the United States. 

" To such as remain in the military .service, your General need only remind 
you that successes in the pa.sl are due to hard work and discipline, and that the 
same work and <lisclpline are eijually impirtant in the future. To such a.s tfo 
home, he will only say that our favore<l country is S4> grand, so extensive, .so 
diversiHe<l in climate, soil, and pn>ductions. that every man may surely flnd a 
home and occujiation suited to his tastes: and none should yield to the 
natural Imifitence sure to result from our past lifeof excitement and advenluri'. 
You will be invited to seek new adventure abroa<l; but do not yield to the 
temptation, for it will lead onl.\ to death and disa|>|>oiDtment. 

•• Your General now bids you all farewell, with the full liellef that as in 
war you have been good soldiers. S4^i in jK-ace you will maket.'o<Ml citizens; and 
if. unfortunately, new war sliiuUl ariw in our country. Sherm in's Army will 
be the flrst to buckle on the u^d armor and enme forth to defend and maintain 
the Government of our inheritance and choice." 



VII. 
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. 



When the form was mmie up. con'ainini; |«Ke »<. it « as fouml not only that 
the sketch of Cor|«inil Wni. O. Smith had U-en omitttd. but that the sketch 
ll*telf had lieeti mislaid. .\ note was. then-fore. )ns«'rte<| referring to the Ap 

IH'OdlX. 

Wll.l'lAM OUsAwrs SMITH \* as Iwm IlecemtM'r IT, 1M-.' at Warren. Trum- 
l>ull County, t).. of New Kuirland imrents; his ancestors, on l>oih the maternal 
and paternal side. UdnK In the Revolutionary War. On the matemul itide. his 
IfreutK"'"'"''""''" ""<* tievcn (OOh serve«l in the war for lnde|>endeDcc. Hi- 



APPENDIX. ix 

enlisted in the 105tli, August 13, 1863, with his brother Horatio, both as pri- 
vates, and an liour later left for camp; was appointed corporal of Company K; 
was wounded on the head at the battle of PerryviUe,and soon after suffered an 
attack of fever, from which he recovered, with hearing so much impaired as to 
be unfit for active service in the ranks. Declining a discharge, however, he 
was detailed as brigade-wagonmaster, in wbich capacity he .served through the 
TuUahoma and Chickamauga campaigns, or from Murfreesborough to Chatta- 
nooga; was then detailed by General Thomas to duty in the Depot Quarter- 
master's Department, with his brother Horatio, and was mustered out with the 
regiment. He stuck the first stakes and laid out tlie first avenues in the Na- 
tional Cemetery, at Chattanooga, and was present at the first interment in 
that beautiful resting place of our patriot dead. He has never married, and 
lives on the old homestead at Orwell. O, 

Comrade Smith was one of the few members of the regiment to encounter 
persona adventure when isolated from his command. Soon after the battle 
of Perryville, while he was yet suffering from a wound, he was ordered to 
carry dispatches to Lebanon. Ky. The country was full of Confederate 
soldiers, who had straggled from Bragg's wing or been on leave, when he was 
compelled to retreat. Besides that, Morgan was scouting through the country, 
and was supposed at that time to be on his way to Lebanon, and it became 
advisable to get dispatches through to the commanding officer. 

Smith, with two companions, undertook the task. Having become sepa- 
rated from these, when they had lost their way, he pushed on alone, being 
fearful of capture, and presently came upon the smoking remnant of a wagon 
train, which one of Morgan's detachments had captured and burned. Making 
a Mide detour, he again approached the road near nightfall, being then very 
hungry and greatly exhausted. Coming to a house, which gave evidence of 
plenty, if not welcome, he rode up and found himself in the presence of three 
men in Confederate uniform. It was too late to retreat, both himself and his 
horse being utterly done out. So he determined to make the best of the situ- 
ation, and asked the master of the hou.se, who was sitting on the porch with 
them, for supper and lodging for himself and his horse. While putting up the 
horse, a colored man gave him directions as to his route, and advised him to 
set out as soon as he could. He needed no advice of that sort. Returning to 
the house, he ate supper with the Confederates, neither asking any questions, 
and they seeming as uneasy as he felt. After the meal, they sat about the fire 
for a while, as the season was cool ; then Smith excused himself, went to the 
barn, found his hor.se already equipped, with a luncheon in one of the bags — 
mounted, rode quietly away, and spent the night in the first big cornfield 
which he found. In the morning he went on his way. and in the afternoon 
arrived safely at Lebanon, where he found his regiment in camp. 



VIII. 
Explanation of Roster and Tables. 



The 105th Ohio Volunteer Infantry was ordered to rendezvous at Camp 
Taylor, Cleveland, Ohio, on August 12th, 1862. Companies A, C, G and H were 
mustered into the United States service on August 20th; Companies B, D, E, 
F and I on August 21st; Field and Staff August 21st; Captain James R, Paxton 
Fifteenth U, S. Infantry, mustering officer. It was mustered out near Wash- 
ington, D, C, Jime 3d, 1865, by Captam Jacob Kline, Sixteenth U, S, Infantry. 
Disbanded at Camp Taylor, Cleveland. Ohio. June 8th, 1865. 



X APPEND IX. 

The foUowinfc' rosier U copit-d from the oriitrinal rolls, throughihe kindness 
of the Ailjutant-General of the Slate of Ohio, by Mr. Anhur R. Warren. A 
large number of error- In the roster publi!>he<i by the {State have Ijeen cor- 
rected, and it has been made passible, by reference to the tables lannexed. to 
trace wltli accuracy the military history of every member of the regiment. 
These tables are designatt^^ by Roman numerals, as follows : 

I.— Promotions and reductions. 

II.— Wounded. 

III.— Captured. 

IV.-Transfernnl. 

v.— Mustered out— absent from regiment. 

VI.— Killed and died in service. 

VII — Resigiieil and discharged. 

VIII— Misslnj; and absent without leave. 

IX.— Record of prc\ious service. 

X.— C'olor-guartl. 

XI.— Recapitulation. 



AHHKl-.\ lAliii.Sri. 



The following abbreviations are u.«€d in the Roster and tables : 

Apt.— Appolnte<l. 

D — Died in service. 

Dis.— Discharged. 

K.— KilkKl in action. 

M. o.— Mustere<l out— absent from regiment. 

Pr.— Promoted. 

P.— Caiiture<l or prisoner. 

Red.— Reiluced. 

Res.— Itesigned. 

S.— Previous service. 

V. R. C— Vetenin Reserve Corps. 

V. V. E.— Veteran Volunteer Engineers. 
Roman numerals designating tables should be read : • See Table I." etc. 
The preparotion of these tables would have l>een an impossiliiliiy but for 
the inilefuligable exertions of Conirnde L. Newton Parker. us.vlstt>d by Com- 
rade M. L. Maynard. It is Ulievetl that the system adopte<l through their 
exertions gives the most complete and ea.sily accessible military reconl of all 
the members of a regiment ever pre|>arvd. 



APPENDIX. 



xt 



ROSTER 



105th OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

From Original nuster=in=RoIls, with References to Historical 

Tables. 



FIELD AND STAFF. 



NAME. 

Albert S. Hall 

William R. Tolles.... 

George T. Perliins 

Charles N. Fowler — 

Harvey S. Taft 

Joseph G. Paulding .. 
Ambrose M. Robbins. 
Marshall W. Wright.. 
Aaron Van Nostrand. 



Charles G. Edwards.. 

John TurnbuU 

Albert Dieljerman. . . . 
Stanley B. Lockwood. 
Aaron D. Morton 



AGE. ENT. .SERV. 



Colonel. 31. 
Lieut.Col. 37. 



Major. 26. 

Surgeon. 34. 
Ass. Surg. 35. 
35. 
Adj't. 25. 

R. Q. M. 43. 
Chaplain. 43. 



June 3, 1861. 
Aug. 30, 1861. 
Aug. 10, 1862. 
Aug. 12, 1862. 
Aug 19, 1862. 

Aug." 1, 1862. 

Sep. 26, 1862. 



REMARKS. 

Died. See note 1. 
Resigned. See note 2. 

* Pr. See note 3. 

* Pr. See note 4. 
Dismis.sed Aug. 10. 1863. 
Resigned Apr. 8. 1863. 
Res. Mar.28, 1863. See IX 
Resigned Apr. 13, 1864. 
Died Feb.27,1863,Paines- 

ville, O. 



eUBSEQUENT STAFF OFFICERS. 



Major. 26. July 23, 1862. 

Ast. Surg. 23. June 29, 1863. 

Adj't. 22. July 28, 1862. 

R. Q. M. 22. Aug. 10, 1862. 

Chaplain. 41. Sep. 13, 1864. 



* Pr. See note 5. 

* Appt'd from civil life. 

* Appt'd March 29. 1863. 

* Appt'd June 8, 1864. 



ORIGINAL NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 



Albert Dicljerman 
Horatio M. Smith 
William J. Gibson 

John Meharg 

Horace Rawdon. . . 



Sgt. Maj. 22. July 28, 1862. 
Q. M. S. 27. Aug. 13, 1862. 
Com.Serg. 24. Aug. 7, 1862. 
Hos. St'd. 22. Aug. 11, 1862. 
Prin. Mus. 37. Aug. 9, 1862. 



Pr. See table I. Co. I. 
Pr. See table I. Co. K. 

* See table I. Co. G. 

* See table I. Co. H. 
See table I. Co. I. 



SUBSEQUENT NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. 



Irwin Butler Serg.Maj. 19. Aug. 9,1862. 

Porter Watson " 21. Aug. 6,1862. 

Lester D. Taylor " 29. Aug. 12, 1862. 

George W.Cheney.. Q. M. S. 18. Aug. 4,1862. 

William Doty Priv.Mus. 24. Jan. 5,1864. 



* Pr. See I. Co. C. 

* See I. Cos. A. and D.' 

* See I. Co. E. 

See I.Co.G. , * See note 6.. 
See I. Co. F. See note 7. 



Note 1.— Promoted from Lieut.-Col. 24th Regiment O. V. I., Aug. 11. 1862; 
to Brevet Brig'r-Gen'l to date, Oct. 8, 1862. Died July 10, 1863, at Murfrees- 
boro, Tenn. ; interred at Charleston, Portage Co., Ohio. 

Note 2.— Promoted from Captain Co. B, 41st Regiment O. V. I., August 9,. 
1862; promoted to Colonel July 10, 1863, but not mustered. Resigned January 
29, 1864. 

Note 3.— Promoted to Lieut.-Col. July 10, 1863; to Colonel. February 18, 
1864, but not mustered; to Brevet-Colonel March 13, 1865. Wounded 
Septe^aiber 20, 1863, in the battle of Chickamauga, Ga. Mustered out in com- 
mand. See IX. 

Note 4.— Captured September 20, 1863, while on duty in the hospital at 
Chickamauga, Ga. Mustered out with regiment. 

Note 5.— Promoted from Captain Co. A July 10, 1863, to Lieut.-Col 
February 18, 1864, but not mustered; Brevet Lieut.-Col. March 13, 1865. 
Wounded at Perryville, Ky., October 8, 1862; also at seige of Atlanta, August 
25, 1864. Mustered out with regiment. 

Note 6.— Promoted to 1st Lieut. October 24, 1864, but not mustered. 

Note 7.— Transferred to the 38th Regiment O. V. I., as Principal Musician, 
June 1, 1865. 



APPEND IS. 






Rosier Company A. 



MAME. RA5K. 

Charles G. Kdwards.. Captain. 

Uaiiiel H Slambaut-'h. 2d Lleul. 
I'uileii Himrod InI Sergl. 

I'urur Watson Sseri-i. 

Naiban W. Klni-' 

JiiUKs Crays 

Lafayeiie McCoy 

Joseph T Torrence... Conwral. 

James Urown 

James Morris 

Isaiaii J. Nessle 

John K. MeCoUom . 
Wmia:n II. Crai^' 
Joseph H AppUnale.. ;; 
Will am l'hillil>s 
johnCnn«ensmiih ^"««''" 
Anderson. «;eonK'e S.. Privalt. 

Allen. James • - 

Alexander. Samuel E. 

Uarr. Alexander " 

Hums. Michael 

IJoyle. John A 

Hallev. Henry H 

Uowen. Thomas 

Conklln. lieort-'-- 
Cook. Unpaid. 
<'owley. HuK'h 
Coulter. James i 

Ihivis. William ei 

Kdmonds. Uavid " 

Fair. Kmanuel 

Flecker. John 

Fielding. Charles 

Filer. James 

Foster. John C 
<Jeon.'e. Thomas 
Hanify. John J... ... 

Hellli.'<r. Frederick .. 

Hunter. James 

HullHirt. Frank 

Halloway. Dixon 

Hari)er. Aaron 

Jones. William L 

Jewell. John D 

Jones. William 

Jones, UavId D 

Jarni. Thomas 

James. Frederick... . 
Kyle. ^Vesley..^ .. .. 
Kelley. Mahershalal.. 
Kelley. Stephen T... ;; 

Knox. Andrew 

Kay. KolM-rl 

Lally. Thomas ..^... 
Lewis, Henjamln B... ^^ 

Moore. Ashley ^, 

M'Kire, FranciK 

Malcomson. James. .. 
Miles. John ••„ ■ 
Morris. Thomas H ... 

Morris. Isuac 

Miller. AllM-rt 
McFttll. Simon V 
McKlI'lH-n. Uotx rt 
Mr<;i"»v. Mli-hii.i 
McKannu. IH-niil- 
McUonuld. John M 
Nox. June* t' 



ACE. 
26. 
•23. 
23. 
'23. 
21. 
26. 
20. 
30. 
21. 
24. 
36. 
18. 
2U. 

as. 



24. 

3H. 

|H. 

19. 

43. 

23. 

25. 

20. 

29. 

18. 

39. 

20. 

26. 

2«. 

22. 

34. 

4J. 

3»V 



DATE or 

ENLISTMENT 

1862. 

July 23. 



Aug. 1 
AUK. 6. 
July 26. 



Aug. 5. 
July 2S 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 6. 
July 31. 
July -26. 
July 29. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 4. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. 6. 



Aug. 4. 



34. 

28. 
40. 
29. 



20. 
24. 
39. 

21. 
32. 



1«. 
3.S. 
26. 

as 

26. 
24 

36. 

4«. 

»■:. 

»). 

IT. 



July 26. 
July 31. 
Aug. 2. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 1 
Aug. 6. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 6. 

Aug. 3. 
Julv 27 

Aug. 7 

Aug 6 

Aug. 2 

Julv 2>* 

Aug. 6. 

July 26. 

Aug. 5. 

Aug 2 

July 2X 

Aug. 5. 

Aug. 6. 
Julv 31. 
Aug. 11. 
Aug. .V 
July 311. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. 2. 
Aug. S. 
Aug. 6. 
July -26. 
Aug. 6. 
July 31. 
July 26. 
Jyly -28. 
Aug. 6. 

Julv 26. 
Julv 24 
Julv •>. 
Aug. 3. 
Aug. 4. 
July 27. 
Aug 2. 
July 31 



KEMAKKs 

Pr W. S. 1. II. IX. * 
Pr W. S. I. II. IX. • 
Pr W. S. I.II.IX. • 
Pr. S. Res. I. Vll. IX. 
Pr S. I. IX. • 
Killed. SeeM. 
Pr W. See I. II. • 
W. D. Sec II. VI 
W. Uis. See II. \ II 
Pr. W. Seel.II • 
Pr •. See I. V. 
Pr. W. Seel.II. •■ 
W Tr. See II. IN • 
Pr. K. See I. VI. 
Killed. See VI. 
W. Sec II. • 
Dis. See VII. 
Dis. See VII. 



P D. See III. VI. 

W. See II. • 

\V. P. D. Sec II. III. ^ 1. 

W. Sec II. • 

P. See HI • 

W. Dis. See II. Vll 

Tr. Sec IV. 

W P. See II. Ill • 

P D. See III. VI. 

Pr W. ». See Ml. N ■ 

P. Seelll.VIll 

P Dis. See III. VII. 

W. Dis. See II. VII 

W. Dis. See 11 Vll 

• 

P Tr. See III. IV. 

a 

W Dis. Sec II. VII 

W P. See II. 1II.» 

Dis See VII 

W.P. Seell.Ill.VUl. 

• 

P Tr See III. IV. 

Tr See IV. 

Pr. Dis. See I. VII. 



Dis. See VII. 

• 

W. See II.*. 

p. See III. V 

• See V . 

Tr. See IV. 

• 

Pr. Sec I. •• 

Died. See VI. 



p Tr See 111 IV 
\V "See II. 
Dis See Vli 
P D. See III. VI. 
KilUnl See VI 
W. • See II. 
Tr See IV , 
KllU-d See N ». 



Dis. See Vll. 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company A— Continued. 



NAME. RANK. AGE. 

Niblack, Henry Private. 19. 

O'Harra. James " 18. 

Price, William B. ... " 18. 

Porter, Robert C " 18. 

Patterson, James " 26. 

Phillips, John '• 20. 

Parker, John T '• 32. 

Keep, Reuben B " 1" 

Rees, Richard " 34. 

Bobbins, Daniel " 42. 

Benn, John W " 27. 

Smith, Daniel A '• 26. 

Stewart, John Ale.x'r. " 26. 

Stewart, John Allen. . " 22. 

Stewart, Samuel M... " 20. 

Stewart, William W.. '• 20. 

Stein, Jacob " 27. 

Stambaugh, John E.. " 20. 

Sparrow, Emmons — " 21. 

Smith, Benjamin " 24. 

Thomas, John B " 40. 

Tyrrell, Thomas " 19. 

Walser, George W... " 34. 

Wise, Jonathan " 24. 

Wetherstay, Henry... " 22. 

Williams, Richard.... " 44. 

Williams, James " 19- 

Williams, Clytus .... " 19. 

Webb, John H •• 22. 

Young, Lewis " Lo- 



cate OF 
ENLISTMENT, 
1862. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 4. 
July 26. 
Aug. 6. 
July 2.5. 
Aug. 5. 
July 31. 

July 26. 
July 24. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. 2. 
July 29. 
July 28. 
July 27. 
Aug. 5. 
July 26. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 1. 
July 26. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 2. 



KEMAUKS. 

Killed. See VI. 
Dis. See. VII. 
Died. See VI. 
Pr. P. * See I, III, 
Tr. See IV. 



Aug. 6. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 7. 
July 21. 
July 25. 



P. D. See III. VI. 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Dis. See VII. 

P. Dis. See III, VII. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 

P. Tr. See III. IV. 

P. Dis. See III, VII. 

Died. See VI. 

Tr. See IV. 

P. See III,*. 

P. See III, VIII. 

P. D. See III. VI. 

Died. See VI. 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Pr. W. D. Seel, II, VI. 

* 

W. D. See II, VI. 

See VIII. 

Killed. See VI. 

W. D. See II, VI. 

Died. See VI. 



RECRUITS. 



Charles C. Stover .... Musician. 24. 

Baker, George Private. 21. 

Bailey, William " 19. 

Christy. James " 27. 

Heiliger. Oscar C.F.. " 18. 

Herrington. Frederick " 38. 

Hotham, Leonard K.. " 19. 

Houston, Richard — " 36. 

Howard, Edward L... " 35. 

Huston. Dickson " 36. 

Kaine, Anthony " 19- 

McCambridge,Patr"k. " 35. 

McLarin, John " 30. 

O'Donal, John '• 23. 

Porter, Lewis " 40. 

Rayen. James T " 31- 

Reed, Eli S " 36. 

Rowe, James " *"• 

Russell, Elijah B " 3o. 

Shingledecker, John.. " **• 

Stambaugh, Sam'l N.. " 19. 

Stewart, James '• 32. 

Stewart, Cyrus '" 3<. 

Warner, John W " 2--. 

WhetstOHe, David C. " 22. 



Dec. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jan. 

Apr. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Sep. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Dec. 

Mar. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 



16, 1863. 
22, 1864. 
21, 1864. 

4, 1864. 
31, 1864. 
12, 1863. 

4, 1864. 
31, 1864. 

4, 1864. 
31, 1864. 

5, 1864. 

6, 1864. 

11, 1863. 
31, 1863. 
31. 1864. 

19. 1864. 
2, 1864. 
4, 1864. 

20. 1863. 
31, 1864. 

12, 1864. 
10, 1864, 
31, 1864, 
25, 1864 

21. 1864 



Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr. 
Tr 
Tr 



See IV. 

See IV. 

See IV. 

See IV. 

See IV. 

See IV. 

See IV. 
W. D. See II, VI. 
Tr. See IV. 
Died. See VI. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Died. See VI. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Term, one year, *. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. VI. 
Died. See VI. 

See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
W. Tr. See II, IV. 



COMPANY B. 



NAME. RANK. 

EphruimKee Captain. 

Andrew D. Braden 1st Lieut. 

Henry L. Niles 2d Lieut. 

Jonas E. Wannamaker.. 1st Sergt. 
William H. Forbis Sergt. 



AGE. 

25 



DATE OF 

ENLISTMENT 

1862. 

Aug. 2. 
July 19. 
July 23. 
Aug. 10. 
Aug. 7. 



REMARKS. 

Died. See VI. 
Pr. S. See I, IX. * 
Resigned. See VII. 
Killed. See VI. 
Pr. S. See I, IX, * 



k 



APPEXDIX. 



Roster CompariN B 



Continued. 



Name. 

Merrit Emerson 

Jaui.-.s .M. l)w,..rniivu 

Juiin U. Kiiii.. 
Miihu.l Hf- 
Gtort'f P. c. 
John A. Kwaii 
Nerval H. v„\,\, 
f>a«kl Liiuwu k 
Ht-nry K. Km, ..^ 
Aan.ri I. .M.-rriii 

<-li-''v it..:;...,i 
u. 

!!• 

|{. .., 

Bi-ar Kn,,. 

Ut-ur. Abner 

Buriin^'unie. Murcuv 

CahlwtiicaJvln 

Card. JoM-jih 

Cravor. A.lani...'.; 
CoJton, Francis 

Cravifonl. Jurni-sA 

Cenur. H,„rv H 

Duvis. Marshall.. 

powns. JasiM-rc 
i)"yl(|.v.n. John P. 

'>ill.-.v. Herman,... 

Urennon. John 

KnsiK'n. \viiiium;;;i" 

Faurot. James K. 

OranKer. lieorge W 

<jrim, AlUrt 

t^rini. Kphralm.'.".'."; 

Hillman. Hubert E 

Hart. .Seth.. 

Hart.Sinie n.. 

Hart. AdelUrt. 

Haihauav. Jume.s \V. 

JjiNli-.v, J„hn F. 

Hurst. H.nry ", 

Hiiltz. Wilson S 

Hadvll. K.hvln 

Hartmun. Joseph.:.'; 

Kell.y. Jiu^h K... 

}^ ttriilK'e. Isaiah .S 

Kinn-v. K.lwin J 
Keniie<lyH,.„j„n,j^p ■ 
L»Mis. K.l«in I). 

Lattln. \Vrit..i,t . 

Laiiilon. John J 

L"n»f. Le«|s 

Lottery. Hut-h... 

.Mm-.-; (T,.,,!. s H 



in H.! 



Murphy. John A 
••nv. r. (•>rus 



l>. 



• ^ l.a .r. ,1 A 
■ •IIS. A.l.llso, 
I"' .1..1 .\nuh J 
» ru.len. Stephen 
Kyun. Jacob 



Ha.nk. 
i>t.*r».'t. 



•ral. 



Musician 
Wat'oner. 
I'rivate. 



20. 
21. 
37. 
21. 
36. 
31. 
1». 
31. 
23. 

?■' 

s: 

■13. 

2«. 

35. 

21. 

1». 

1». 

20. 

34. 

24. 

23. 

23. 

24. 

IV. 

Id. 

IV. 

28. 

21. 

SI. 

20. 

20 

18 

21, 

ao. 

21. 
18. 
10. 

20. 

IC. 

10. 

IH. 

21. 

10. 

3.S. 

32. 

10. 

20. 

23. 

2S. 

•». 

3^ 



<'.\Tt ur 

E.VLISTME.N 

Au«. 8. 
Au>r. 10. 
AU(f. 2, 
A UK'. 12. 
AUfc'. JO. 
Aut,'. 12. 

Auk. II. 
AUtf. 12. 
Auk. 3. 
Auk. 4. 
Auk. 6. 
Auk. 12. 



WtMAUK.S. 

Pr I), s. See I, VI, IX- 
Wed. S. SeeVI.lx 
W. Tr See II, IV. 
pi*- See VII. 

pis. .St-eVIl 
pis. See VII. 
pied. Sec \I. 
I>*s. See VII 
pis. S. .See VII. IX 
pu. See VII. ''• 

S. See IX, •. 



Auk. 4. 
Auk. 10. 
Auk. 7. 
Auk. 12. 
Auk. 6. 



Killed. See VI 
W.Dis. Seeli.Njj 



,^y.«. .Seen V 
Uied. See \i 

auk:io. ]^s"sjr^ir' 

Auk. II. p. See III. • 

P. D. s.e Ili. VI. 
I>ls. See VII 
Uls. S<i- VII 
Dis. See VII. 



Auk. 12. 
Auk. 10. 

Auk. ». 
July II. 
Auk. Iti. 
Auk. 12. 
Auk. 10. 
Auk. II. 
Auk. 10. 

Auk. 6. 
Auk. II. 

Aug. la 
AUK. II. 
Auk. lu. 

Auk. 7. 
Auk. 10. 



21 
27 

IH. 

24. 

24 

10. 

37, 

20. 

18 

10 

24 

» 

37 
25 



Auk II 

Auk. la 

Auk. II 
Auk. 

Auk. lu. 

Auk. 8. 

Auk- Io. 

Auk. II. 

Auk. 3. 

Auk. 7. 

Auk. II. 

.^UK. 10. 

Auk. h. 

Auk. II. 



pl<d. See VI 
Killed. See VI. 

• 

Pr. Dis, .Seel, VII. 
VVD .Seen. VI. 
«• Seen.". 
Pr. See I. •. 

• 

Ki\}\ S^-^'H VII. 
Killed. .See VI 
pled. See VI. 
Pr. See I. • 
P See in., 
pled See VI, 

i»lvs?i.\^i'i" "'^-^ 

i»is. See vn 

Killed. See VI 
W. Dis. .St^. n, 
• See V. 
W. D. Seen, vn 
See IV. 



vn. 



Tr. 



See in. •. 
See III. •. 



Aug. 10. 
Auk. 2. 
Auk. 8, 



Autf S 



jyj"'' st-<-n VII 

I;!.-. S,eni IV. 

\\ Seen,. 

Ir. .s.elV. 

P Tr^ .s,.,. ij, ,v. 

Tr. .See IV. 

P See iji. vni. 

pi.-.! See VI 

I'r \V S,.el.Il... 

l>ls. See vn 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company B — Continued. 



NAME. RANK. AGE. 

Ragan, Ralph E Private. 22. 

Recker, Christopher F... " 28. 

Rush, Daniel " 18. 

Sage, James " 44. 

Sager, Edward W " 21. 

Scott, Hiram J " 27. 

Stephenson. Homer " 18. 

Sparks, Lorenzo H " 19. 

Stowe, ±iarmon W " 21. 

Shafer, William J " 19. 

Shafer, Charles " 21. 

Shafer, Jacob " 19. 

Smith, Benjamin F " 19. 

Smith. John " 20. 

Snodgrass, Hugh J " 34. 

Stewarc. Charles " 24. 

Thomas. George M " 39. 

True, William C " 24. 

Taft, S.niiuel K " 31. 

Tuttle, Albert P " 20, 

Tuttle, Osman 1? " 23. 

Ulrich, Martin W " 21. 

Williams. John S " 20. 

Welsh, William C " 19. 

Wildman, John E " 19. 

Walcott, Newton L •' 20. 

RECRUIT.S. 

Dayton, Charles R " 20. 

Decker, William, " 23. 

Harver. William " 26. 

Heath, Henry " 18. 

Jackson, Hugh W " 18. 

Johnson, William H " 37. 

Lake, Lafayette " 18. 

Rawdon. Calvin L " 43. 

Rawdon, Martin B " 41. 

Shafer. Morrison P " 18. 

Weirman, Samuel " 20. 



DATE OF 

ENLISTMENT 
S. 1862. 

Aug. 10. * 



REMARKS. 



Killed. See VI. 

W. P. D. See 11, III, VI 

Died. See \ I. 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. W. D. See I, II, VL 



Aug. 11. 

Aug. 6. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 7. 

Aug. 11. * 

Aug. 10. Tr. See IV. 

Aug. 6. Dis. See VII. 

Aug. 7. * 

Aug. 11. W. P. See II, III, * 



P. See III. * 

* 

P. See III, * 

* 

Pr. W. Seejl, II, * 



Aug. 4. 
Aug. 10. 

Aug. 11. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 12. 

Aug. 11. 

Aug. 10. * 

Aug. 12. Pr. See I. * 

Aug. 11. P. Dis. See III, VII. 

Aug. 3. Pr. S. See I, IX, * 

Aug. 10. P. D. Sec III, VL 

Aug. 9. P. See III, * 

Aug. 10. Died. SeejVI. 



Killed. 
W. D. 



See VI. 
See II, VL 



Oct. 21,1863 
Feb.l3, 1864 
Mar.22,1864 
Jan. 5, 1864 
Feb. 8,1864 
Dec. 22, 1863 
Feb. 8,1864 
Jan. 4.1864 
Jan. 2.1864 
Feb. 9, 1864 
Nov. 11. 1863 



Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Died. See VI. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. S. See IV, IX. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. S. See IV, IX. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 
Tr. See IV. 



COnPANY c. 



NAME. RANK. 

Henry P. Gilbert Captain. 

Ambrose C. Mason 1st Lieut. 

James H. Bard 2d Lieut. 

Irvin Butler 1st Sergt. 

Austin W. Wilson Sergt. 

Jacob Turney 

Charles C. Fowler 

John Geddes 

Robert D. Allen Corporal. 

Robert J. Stewart 

Lafayette Seaton 

John B. Miller 

Evan Lewis " 

Albert Jastatt " 

James G. Townsend " 

Clinton F.Moore " 

Christian Hughes Musician. 

Thomas C. Hogle 

Charles E. Miller Wagoner. 

Adams. William F Private. 

Brandt, John B 

Bartholomew, Erastus.. " 
Blaekmore, Samuel " 



DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 
AGE. 1862. 

44. July 16. 

21. July 23. 
38. 

19. Aug. 9. 
23. Aug. 12. 
31. Aug. 2. 
35. Aug. 12. 
25. Aug. 11. 

31. Aug. 2. 

25. Aug. 11. 
27. Aug. 2. 

27. July 30. 
30. Aug. 2. 

28. Aug. 9. 
23. Aug. -11. 

20. Aug. 9. 
21. 

19. Aug. 8. 

32. Aug. 7. 

26. Aug. 12. 
35. Aug. 9. 
42. Aug. 8. 
38. Aug. 11. 



REMARKS. 

Res. See VIL 

Pr. D. S. See I, VI,IX 

Pr. Res. See I, VII. 

Pr. Res, See I, VIL 

Dis. See VII. 

S. See IX, * 

Red. See I, * ' 

S. See IX, * 

Pr. See I. * 

W. Dis. See II, VIL 

Red. W. S. I, II. IX, *^ 

Pr. W. See I, II, * 

Red. S. See I, IX, * 

W. See II, * 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Pr. Seel,* 

* 

Tr. See IV. 

W. P. See II, III, * 

* 

Tr. See IV. . 

P. D. SeellL VI. ' 

Dis. See VII. 



APPEXDIX. 



Roster Company C - Continued. 



NAME. 

Boiler. Jaui-- 

Buiyesh Johu 

Culver, juuies. 

Casix-'r. Clan-nce D.. 

Davis. John \V 

DonovuD, Janirs . 

Davis. William K. 

Davis. Mor»;aD \V 

Evaus, William 

Evans, E/.criah 

Esgar. Hi-njamin 

EJwanls. James L 

Edwartls. Juhn F 

Frazii-r, Julm H 

Frazier, I-aac „ 

Fuller. Harvey A 

Godshall. William H 

Green. George W 

Graham. William P 

Green. John W 

Hilands. l{.ul»en U 

Hull. Hiram F 

Hood. Michael J 

Haw ley. Joel 

Healy. Joseph 

Jack, William 

Jones. Thomas 

Jessop, Thomas 

Jones. William 

Kin>,'sley. JasjKT B 

Kelly. Lawrence 

Lewis. Caleb 

Lawrence. Henry 

Lewis. William 

McKiiilev. Theron S 

McLain. Richard H 

Moser, Philip H 

McKeiizie. James K 

Miller, Lemuel 11 

Moser. Lemuel 

Machey. John M 

Morris. William 

Mauwariii^'. Morgan 

Moser. Charles E 

Oslx)rn, AlfriHl 

Powers. Wilson S 

Price. Lemuel 

Phillips, Joseph 

Powers, John 

Ciutifley. Thomas 

Uowlee, Robert A 

Rosser, John I* 

RupiH-rl. Samuel „ 

Roberts. John 

Rels. (MOr^'e L.„ 

Robinson. Thomas._ 

Richards. David T 

Roiljjers. James 

Rlchartls. William T... 

K<-es. William K 

>ih(M>k. Cornelius 

Seaclirlsl. Isaiah 

button. .SainiK'l 

iM-«iville, Horac<' H 

Sinclair. John 

Shealor. Diivid J 

Sl<-wart. NelstJii 0_ 

Smith. ThomiM„ 

.^tevt-art. Jameit A_ 



HANK. 

Private. 



DATE or 
ENLISTMENT 

AGE. ld6:>. 

3i. Aujf. 7. 

3S». AuK. 11. 

-M. Aug. 12. 
17. 

•■>. Aug. 11. 

26. Aug. 6. 
38. 

22. Aug. 7. 
24. 

23. Aug. 12. 
23. 

21. 

in. 

24. Aug. 10. 
21. Aug. 8. 

25. Aug. 9. 

19. Aug. R 

23. Aug. 12. 
21. Aug. 9. 

24. Aug. 11. 
40. 

33. Aug. 9. 
20. 

20. Aug. 11. 
29. Aug. 7. 
31. 



J(EMARKS. 

Dis. See VIL 
Dih. See \ll. 



W. See II, • 
W. D. See II. VI. 
W. Dls. See II. VIL 
W. D. See II, VI. 

• 

Fr.Red. Dls. Seel. VII 

• 

W. •. See II, V. 
Dis. See VII. 
W. Dis. See II. VII 
Dls. See VII. 
Died. See VI. 
• 

Tr. See IV. 

• 

W. Dis. See II. VI 1 
Tr. See IV. 

• 

Dis. .See VII. 

W. See II. • 

Dis. See VII. 



21. 


Aug. 


9. 


Dls. SeeVU. 


23. 


Aug. 


11. 


• 


23. 


Aug. 


6. 


P. See III. • 


28. 


Aug. 


11. 


Dis. See VII. 


28. 


Aug. 


12. 


W. D. See II, VL 








W. See II. • 


20. 


Aug. 


4. 


Dis. See VII. 


25. 


Aug. 


9. 


P. See HI, • 


23. 


Aug. 


8. 


• 


19. 


Aug. 


10. 


P. D. See III. VI 


21. 


Aug. 


6. 


W. Ills. Seen. VII. 


19. 


Aug. 


8. 


P. .See III. VIll. 


ai. 






W. ll. .See 11. VI. 


39. 


Aug. 


9. 


Diixl. See VI. 


34. 


Aug. 


15. 


P. See III, • 


24. 


Aug. 


12. 


• 


28. 


Aug. 


9. 


See VIII. 


36. 






Dls. See VII. 


28. 






P. See III. • 


18. 


Aug. 


11. 


P. .See III. • 


23. 


Aug. 


1,5. 


W. U. .See 11. VI 


30. 


Aug. 


6. 


I)i> .See VI 1. 


23. 






W. Dis. See 11. Vll. 


33. 


Aug. 


12. 


W. Tr See II. IV. 


2ti. 


Aug. 


15. 


Pr. .Seel.» 


34. 


Aug. 


9. 


P. See 11 1.' 


19. 


Aug. 


8. 


Pr. S«-eI.» 


22. 


Aug. 


12. 


P. See III. • 


IX. 






• 


23. 


Aug. 


4. 


P. See III. VIll. 


40. 


Aug. 


fl. 


Dls. See VII. 


25. 


Aug. 


9. 


• 


32. 


" 




See VIll 


S3. 


Aug. 


6. 


P. See III, • 




Aug. 


8. 


W. D. .Sw 11, VI. 


21. 






P. See 111. • 


19. 


Aug. 


9. 


P. .S.-elll,» 


29. 


Aug. 


11. 


Dls. .^e,- VH. 


.1! 






P. See III • 


21 






P. D. See 111. VI. 


44. 


Aug. 


IS. 


Dls. See VII 


2S. 


Aug. 


11 


Dl«. See VII. 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company C — Continued. 

DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 
NAME, RANK. AGE. 1862. REMARKS. 

Thomas, Thomas A Private. K». Aug. 12. * 

Townsend. Charles W... '• 17. Auk- 7. W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Tibbitts. Austin " 24. Aug. II. Pr. Seel.* 

Vallv. Adolphus " 30. Aug. 6. W. K. See II, VI. 

Whiiehouse. Edward " 27. " Tr. See IV'. 

Walker, Homer B " 20. Aug. 12. * 

Walker. Samuel " 22. Aug. 6. * 

Wambciugn. John " 20. Aug. II. W. Tr. See II. IV^ 

White, Andrew N " 18. Aug. 6. Killed. See VI. 

RECRUITS. 

Canon. William Private. 26. Feb. 16,1864 Tr. See IV. 

Davis.Gwilym ■' 21. Mar. 8,1865 Period. Tr. See IV. 

Davis, Morgan " 21. " Tr. See IV. 

Dice, George M " 20. Jan. 15,1864 Tr. See IV. 

Heir, George " 24. Mar. 8,1865 Tr. See IV. 

Heir, Thomas " 21. Feb. 21,1865 Tr. See IV. 

Richards, John B " 33. Feb. 22,1865 Tr. See IV. 

Thomas, John B " 23. Feb. 21,1865 Tr. See IV. 

Webster, Daniel " 18. Feb. 2,1864 Tr. See IV. 

COMPANY D. 



NAME. RANK. 

George L. Riker Captain. 

Henry H. Cummings 1st Lieut. 

Alonzo Chubb 2d Lieut. 

Stanley B. Lockvvood.... 1st Sergt. 

Edward P. Young Sergt. 

Solomon D. Williams 

William D Curtis 

Warren Jennings 

Edwin N. Dui tun Corporal. 

Robert N. Shepherd 

Seth Wteks " 

Clinton A. Nolan " 

Harvey E. Clark 

George W. Jewell 

Harlan P. Hall 

Francis M. Judd " 

Hendrick E. Paine.- Musician. 

William E. .Stickney 

Michael Ward Wagoner. 

Allen, Nathan W Private. 

Ayers. Hamilton " 

Ackley, Amiel J " 

Allen, Minor A " 

Alderman, Victor " 

Allen. Henry D " 

Barker, Frank M " 

Back, Ferdinando C " 

Baker. Edwin N " 

Blakely Harlow " 

Brooks, Eugene " 

Brookins, Norman L " 

Brooks, Samuel " 

Bentley Murray J " 

Barnes, Calvin " 

Belden, F.ancis E " 

Britton, John C " 

Callenae.-. John E 

Carpenter. Thomas W.... 

Cady. Fordyce W 

Canfleld, Henry F 

Chesney, Samuel P 





DATE OF 




ENLISTMENT 




\GE. 


1862. 


REMARKS. 


31. 


July 24. 


W. R. See II, VII. 


22 


July 25. 


Pr. See I, *. Capt. 


23. 


July 24. 


W. P. Res. See II, III, 
VII. 


.->.■> 


Aug. 10. 


Pr.W. SeeI.II,*,R.Q.M 


25. 


Aug. 8. 


Dis. See VII. 


43. 


Aug. 10. 


W. D. See II, VL 


.S7. 


Aug. 6. 


Tr. SeeI\^ 


.S5. 


Aug. 10. 


*, S. See V, IX. 


21. 


Julv 28. 


See VIII. 


22. 




Pr. See I. * 


37. 


Aug. 6. 


Pr. *. See I, V. 


33. 


Aug. 12. 


Dis. See VII. 


30. 


Aug. 7. 


W. Dis. See II, VII. 


29. 


Aug. 10. 


Dis. See VII. 


20. 


Aug. 8. 


Tr. See IV. 


28. 


Aug. 6. 


W. Tr. See II, IV. 


18. 


July 31. 


Dis. See VII. 


28. 


Aug. 9. 


* 


19. 




W. Dis. See II, VIL 


47. 


Aug. 13. 


Dis. See VII. 


27. 


Aug. 12. 


* 


37. 


Aug. 11. 


W. *. Seen, V. 


21. 




* 


24. 


Aug. 12. 


See VIII 


20. 


Aug. 11. 


Dis. See VII. 


23. 


Aug. 10. 


Dis. See VII. 


25. 


July 22. 


Tr. See IV. 


20. 


Aug. 10. 


W. Dis. see II, VII. 


18. 


Aug. 5. 


W. Dis. See II, VII. 


26. 


Aug. 12. 


Killed. See VL 


19. 


Aug. 7. 


* 


20. 


Aug. 6. 


W.P.Dis.See II,III,VII 


21. 


Aug. 7. 


Dis. See VII. 


19. 


Aug. 12. 


* 


22. 


Aug. 13. 


P. D. See III, VI. 


20. 


Aug. 3. 


Pr. K. See I, VI. 


21. 


Aug. 5. 


S. See IX. * 


•?1 


•' 


Dis. See VII. 


18 




Tr. See IV. 


19. 


Aug. 8. 


Pr. W. See I. II, * 


21. 


July 28. 


W. Dis. See II VII. 



APPEXDrX 



Roster Companv D — Continued. 



NAME 

Crandall. C'harl<'s 
Uijulittlc. Charl<> I". 
D<)tv. DaVKl 
Uur't. Wllliiiiii H 

ElWfll. Isaac 

Forffus. Melaucthuu L . 

Grover, .\loij/.o_ 

GrovLT, Alinore 

Gitkes. L<;vi H 

OaruiT. Kreilerick R 

GiUainijs. AnsoD E 

Hall. Albert 

Hull. Henry 

Hall, .luine.s E 

Hall. Eawin 

Hlckson. George 

Hopkins. Kloyu 

Jackson. .Stewart D 

Johnson. William W„ ... 

Kerr. .Mose-i 

Kno'.vles. .\lfreil A 

Lctiiiport. MeDJumin G... 

Lewis. Geor(.'e E 

Martin. John 

Morse. Uliss 

Morrison. John 

Muyhew. KJwin H 

McV'iity Joseph 

K.ish. H irris 'h 

Nash. Aver W 

Nash. Uaaiel P 

Pel ton. Watson 

Philhrook. Charles H 

Pierce. (;eortfe E 

Potts. Samuel J : 

Place. Ira 

Price. Walter 

Palmer. Kilwin 

Prouty. Lucius A 

liavmoiul. .Mfreil 

Ramlall. Walter 

Kockufello.v. Oscar H.... 

Ueynulds. (Jeorve W 

Sak'er. Harvey C 

Sprint;. Charles H 

sills. Joshua H 

Turner Charles 

Tinan. Orlando W 

Tavlor. .lames H 

Teiuhoiii. .Marshall A.. 

TttlUXT. Harvev 

Upton. William K 

Vlck.rs. Krederlck 

Warn-n. AUn-rt C. 

Wel)stiT. Fnincis 

WelN. WalK-r C 
Wakelee. Oscar 1{ 
Wellnutn. .Mon/n 
Wakelee. .\rthur M 
Ward. Elmer H 



l{.\.NK. 

Private. 



I'.\TE iiK 
t.M.ISTMENT 
Ai.E. ]*&!. 

28. Au»f. 12. 
2i». 

IH. AuT. 8. 

19. AU'.'. 5. 

27. Aujr. y. 

28. Auk. 10. 

35. Au;;. 4. 
2?. Autf. 12. 
28. A UK'. 6. 
J8. Auif. 12. 

19. AUK. V. 

20. Aug. 8. . 
2 J. 

2.V Au»;. 12. 

21. Autf. 13. 

36. Auk. 10- 
21. 

22. Aug. 9. 
25. AUK. I. 

24. AuK. 10. 
18. Auk. 8. 

25. Aug. 13. 
18. 

20. Aujf. 10. 
2.1. 

22. '■ 

20. Aug. .S. 
18. Auk- 9- 

AuK 13. 

26. Auk. 8. 
Auk. 13. 
Aug. 10. 

38. Aug. 6. 

24. Auk. 10. 

23. 

3,V 

20. 

21. Aug. 9. 

24. Auk. 4. 
18. Auk. 5. 
29. 

37. Aug. 8. 
18. Auk. 4. 

Auk- 5. 

Auk- •*- 

33. Auk- 6- 

24- Auk- 10. 

18. Aug. 12. 
30- 

25. Aujf-JIO. 
24. 

19- Auk 9- 
19. 

19. Auk. 12- 
31. Auk a. 

23. Auk- 9. 
37. Auk- 10. 
19. Auk 8. 
19. Auk 9. 



21 



2.^ 



18. 



KE.MARKS 

Died. See VI. 
Pr. • See I. V. 

• 

Dls. See VII. 
Dis. .See VII. 
See VIII. 
P. Tr. See III. IV 

• 

Dis. See VII. 
Killed. See VI 
P. Tr. See III. IV. 
Died. S.-e \I 
P. Tr. See III. I\-. 
Tr. See IV. 
Dis. Se.- VII. 
Dis. See VII. 
See VIII. 
P. See III.* 
Kilk-d. See VI. 
KllUd. See VI. 



See VI. 
See II. VI 
See II. VI. 
See 1. III. 



Died. 

W. D. 

W. D. 

Pr. P. 

See VIII. 

Died. See VI. 

W. Dis. See II. VI 1. 

W. Dls. S.ell.VII. 

Died. See VI. 

Killed. See VI. 

W. Dis. See II. VII. 

Dis. See VII. 

W. See II. v:il. 

W. See II. • 

W. See II. • 

Died. See VI. 

Dletl. See VI. 

W. D. See II. VI. 

.See VIII. 

W. See II. VIII 

Dls. See VII. 

Tr. See IV. 

Dis. See VII. 

W. Dls. See II. VII. 

P. See III.* 

Dis. See VII 

• 

Pr. See I. • 

Pr.W.P. See 1. II. III.' 

Dis. See VII. 

DN. StH? VII. 

W. *. See II. V. 

Dls. See VII. 

W. .See II.* 

Tr. See IV. 

W. *. S. .Seell. V. l.\. 

Tr. S«-e IV. 

W. *. See n V 

Dletl. See \"1. 



ItKlUflTS. 



Back. PernandoC 
Marnard. Philo . 
LiK-kwiMMl. I'ulasl. 
Patne Alvin M 
Swuyne. John 
Wakelee. Uyron 



Dec. 2H 
Mar. •> 
Dec 31 
M;ir 2.' 
IK'c 2l» 
Dec. i-." 



|8<B Tr. S<»e IV. 
1HH4 Dis. See VII. 
istW T. Se.' IV 

|S»M Pl.Hl. .S.H- VI. 

1<WS Tr .Sec IV 
IsJtJ Tr See IV. 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company E. 

DATE OF 
ENTISTMENT 

NAME. RANK. AGE. 1862. 

Byron W. Canfield Captain. 26. July 24. 

William R. Tuttle 1st Lieut. 25. July 9. 

Jobn A. Osboni 2d Lieut. 26. Aug. 6. 

Joha C. Hathaway Ist Sergt. 31. Aug. 6. 

La Royal Taylor .Sergt. 35. 

Julius A. Moffatt " 31. 

Edward Patchin " 29. Aug. 8. 

James A. Mowrey " 29. Aug. 9. 

Deaa D. Tucker Corporal. 22. Aug. 8. 

George D. Elder '• 24. Aug. 11. 

Charles C. Hitchcock " 18. 

Jonas Alshouse " ,41. Aug. 5. 

Stephen Patchin ■■ 24. Aug. K. 

Miles J. Whitney '• 19. Aug. 4. 

Fernando C. Conlev '" 35. Aug. 7. 

Philo Boughton " 31. Aug. 12. 

Milton L. Mavnard Musician. 28. Aug. 11. 

Albert Dickerman '• 22. July 28. 

Albert A. Champlin Wagoner. 22. Aug. 11. 

Ayers. Josiah Private. 21. Aug. 5. 

Alexander, Festus " 18. Aug. 2. 

Alberts, Washington " 18. Aug. 3. 

Alshouse, William " 32. Aug. 6. 

Bowers, David C " 21. Julv 24. 

Brewer, Justin " 21. Julv 30. 

Bagg, Wilford A " 24. 

Button, Justin " 21. Aug. 5. 

Bond, Joel D " 35. Aug. 6. 

Bridgeman, Ansel O " 23. Aug. 7. 

Beckwith, James " 27. Aug. 11. 

Bridgeman, Edward S.... '" 26. Aug. 12. 

Case, Gideon " 18. Aug. 5. 

Cutts, Jesse •• 30. Aug. Jl. 

Dickerson, Alonzo L " 23. Aug. 4. 

Dixon, Madison '• 20. Aug. 7. 

Dusenbury, Oscar '" 19. Aug. 11. 

Dayton, William '• 21. Aug. 12. 

EggleslOQ, Wellington... " 21. 

Fowler, Justin '■ 23. Aug. 5. 

Frazier, Calvin " 21. 

Fleming, James H " 28. Aug. 11. 

Fisher, Omi L '■ 33. 

Grant, Presered H " 20. July 26. 

Griste, Luman " 18. Aug. 7. 

Hayden, Eugene " 20. Aug. 8. 

Hathaway, Gilbert B... '' 25. Aug. 1. 

Hale, William H •' 22. Aug. 4. 

Hitt, Oliver " 22. Aug. 7. 

Hill, Almon " 19. Aug. 8. 

Hill. Elisha " 23. Aug. 11. 

Humiston, John F " 23. 

Hilberl Percival •' 18. Aug. 12. 

Hayes, Elisha W " 23. 

Jones, Delavan " 26. Aug. 7. 

Johnson, Austin '■ 20. Aug. 6. 

Knox, Dexter " 18. Aug. 8. 

King, John Harvey " 18. July 28. 

King, Eleazar A '■ 28. Aug. 4. 

Logan, Henry ■■ 19. Aug. 5. 

Ladow, .Sylvester ■ 22. 

Ladow, Henry • 19. " 

Langston, Henry '■ 19. Aug. 11. 

Latim'-r. Olnev P '" 26. Aug. 12. 

McFarland, McKendr c c " 20. Aug. 5. 

McXaughton, John '■ 18. Aug. 12. 

McNaughton, James A.. " 20. 

Mack. Charles IJ '• 18. 

Norton, James H " 30. Aug. 1. 



REMARKS. 

W. P. Res. See II, III, 

VIL 
Pr. See I, *, Capt.Co.H 
Res. See VII. 
Dis. See VIL 
Pr. Dis. See I, VII. 
Pr. Res. See I, VII. 
W.Di.s.S. SeelLVILIX 
Red. See I, III, * 
Pr. See I, IX * 
Pr. See I, * 
Killed. See VI. 
Red. Tr. See I, IV. 
Pr. See I. * 
S. Dis. See IX, VIL 
Red. Tr. See I, IV. 
Discharged. See VII. 
* 

Pr, See I, *, Adjnt. 

P. See III, * 

W. D. See II, VI. 

Died. See VL 

W. D. See II, VI. 

* 

Killed. See VI. 

Tr. See IV. 

D. S. See VI, IX. 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Died. See VI. 

P. D. See III, VI. 

Died. See VI. 

Died. See VI. 

W. D. See II, VIL 



Died. See VI. 
Pr. See I, * 
P. D. See III, VL 
P. *. See III, V. 
Dis. See VII. 
Dis. See VII. 

Died. See VI. 

* 

Pr.W.Dis. See I, IL VII 

W. Dis. See 11, VII. 

Dis. See VII. 

S. K. See IX, VI. 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

P. See III, * 

* 

Pr.W.S. Seel, 11, IX, * 

Dis. See VII. 

P. Tr. See III. IV. 

W. *. See II, V. 

Died. See VI. 

W. D. See II, VI. 

Dis. See VII. 

W. *. See 11, V. 

Tr. See IV. 

W. *. See II. V. 

W. Dis. See II, VIL 

W. See IL * 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

P. See III, * 

Pr. W. See I, II, *. 

Pr. See I. * 



Tr. See IV. 



APrKXIUX. 



Roster Company 



NAME. 

Osborn. Da\ ul 

Poller. Kilward 

PuK'^lov. Jobn 

Phillips. (ieorBf W... 

Porter. Tilden W 

Phillips. Robert 

Pease. Sbi-rmnn 

Poller. KIwood 

Pease. Uyron A 

QuiKKle. 0>car P 

Richards. Kvan 

Russell. Klmcr 

Reid. D.iniel J 

.Slade. Sherman C 

.Sllvcrnail. Amos H.... 
Strickland. Waller... 

Stilhvell. William 

St. .lohii. (jeorpe 

Smith. N'athan M 

Santwru. Homer L 

StroriK. Elmer 

Slockinsr. John K 

StoekiiiK. Charle.s H.. 

Taylor. Lester D 

Townsley. Philetus... 

Turner. William 

Tucker. John T 

W.iy. Averill 

Watts. Alouzo S 

Webb. Ezra 

Webb. Sylvester , 

Watrous. .Samuel N.„ 
Whiitng. Joba J 

Pease. Aboer J 

Patchin. David 



ipanv 


E Cont 

DATE or 


inued. 


ESI.1STME.N-T 




AGE 


. 1862 


REMARKS 


.vj 


Aug. 9 


Killed. See VI 


41. 


Aug. ft. 


P. See 111. • 


M 




liis See VII. 


ly. 




Died See VI. 


-M. 


Aug. 6. 


• 


19 




W Dis. See II. VI 1. 


34. 


Aug. R 


Pr. seel.» 


16. 


Aug II 


» 


l\. 


Aug. H 


Pr. P. K. See l.lll. ' 


•Jl. 


July 30. 


• 


21. 


Aug. 5. 


Pr. Seel.« 


21. 


Aug. H. 


W. •. See II. \-. 


29. 


Aug. II. 


P. Sec 111 • 


19. 




Dis. See VII. 


23 




Died. Sec VI 


22. 


Aug. ■« 


P. D. See 111. VI 


21. 


Aug. a 


p. See 111. • 


24. 




Killed See VI 


21. 


Aug. " 


W. See 1 1 • 


20. 


Aug. H 


Died. SieVI 


I«. 


Aug. 9 


Dis. Se.- \ll 


23, 


Aug. 1 1 


W. See 11. • 


2(». 




W. Dis. Se.- II. \1I 


29. 


Aug. 12 


Pr. See I. • 


19. 


Auk " 


W. See II. • 


30. 


Aug II 


Dis. See VII. 


19. 




W. D. .See 11. VI 


•.». 




Died. See VI 


30. 


Aug f) 


P. See III. • 


J4. 




W. Dis See 11. VII. 


35. 




W. See 11. VIII 


35. 


Aug. 9 


W. Dis. See II VII 


18. 


Aug. 12 


Killed. See VI 


^ECKCITS. 





IR. Dec. 28, 1863 Tr. See IV. 
l«. Dec I. 1863 Tr. See I V. 



COnPANY F. 



NAME. KANK. A(.E. 

Sberburn H Williams . Captain 3.5 

Alfred t; Wilcox 1st Lieut 21 

Lester D Uurl>ank 2d Lieut 35 

Norman D Smith .. 1st Serjrl 34 

Charles K Hrovvn Sir>.'l 26 

David l" IJeardsley 26 

Harrison J Fuller .. 21 

Frederick T Cook . 23 

Janus W. Allen Corporal 3ii 

Michael Cooney •• 44 

(Jforge 1 Squeir.. .. ' 2:1 

Lathrop A Johnson 27 

D^Mfhl II Woodard 3n 

Kilwln K .More ;Ui 

Henrv H I'ltner "• 19 

Isaac D L Schram •' 27 

Daniel F Hupkins MuHician 29. 

Charles Sheldon T> 

Ara It Drake Wagoner. 27. 

Auxer. John 11 I'rival*- 19 

Auxer. Sl<iili. n D 30 

llarnes Jumi s 23 

Hasley. (.. ..r;-. W 22. 



HATK <'K 




KNI.ISTME.NT 


1862. 


KEMAHKS 


Aug. 1. 


Resigned See \- 1 1 


Aug. 8 


Pr. See 1. • Capi 


July 25 


Resignetl See VII 


Aug ft 


Pr. See I. • 1st Lieut 


July 29 


Pr. P .See I III • 


Aug ft 


W. • See II. V 


Aug II 


W D .-see II VI 


Aug 7 


• 


Aug ft 


Pr W .-see III* 




Dis See \ll 


Aug 12 


Dis See VII. 


Aug 7 


Pr See I • 




Red W P Seel II III 


Aug 13 


Dle<l See VI 


Aug 7 


Pr Scel.» 


Aug 4 


• 


Aug 8 


Dis See VII 


Aug 15 


• 




Dis See VI 1 


Aug 7. 


W Tr Seell I\ 




DIS Sec VII 


Aug. 6 


P D See III. VI 


Aug 7 


Died .>si>e VI 



API'S NB IX. 



Roster Company F— Continued 



NAME. 

Barlass, Robert B.. . . 

Brindle, James M' 

Brown, Arthur L. 

Bali, Joseph 

Bottin, Elias T 

Burnett, Isaac 

Ball, Thomas 

Branch, Edward P 

Brewster, Oliver R 

Button, Jared 

Clark. Nathan T 

Call. Francis M 

Cassidy, John 

Crawford, Emery.. 
Crofford. Stephen H,.. 

Caley, Charles. . . 

Childs, Jarius 

Colgrove, Melvin J 

Cooley, Levi 

Downing, John D 

Doolittle, Charles F... 
Davidson, Erastus.. . . 

Dimmick, Orlando 

Ely, Ira 

Foote, Loami M 

Fales, Frank 

Greenfield, Judson 

Gardner, James W 

Green, Horace 

Granger, Franklin 

Hale. Elias B 

Hausch, John 

Haver, Thomas T 

Holmes, Hiram A 

Huston, Emmet C 

Keyes, Anson 

Kelsey, Arthur 

King, Nelson 

King. Josiah 

Lester. David 

Lemunyan, Smith H. . 
McClintock, Charles W. 

Morton. Henry 

McElwain, Edwin W... 

Marsh, Henry 

Morse, John H 

Martin. George 

Malone Sydney D 

Newcomb, Frank E 

Newcomb, Selah W 

Nve,Ira 

Odell, David W 

Payne, Wallace B 

Phelps, Franklin W ... 

Phillips, Albert 

Parks, John 

Prouty, Royal 

Richmond, William. . . 

Randall, James G 

Radcliff, Charles 

Schram. Watson S 

Sharpe, George H 

Smith, Frederick 

Smith. Marsh, Jr 

Sweet, Benjamin F 

Slayton. William T. . . . 
SimmoHS, Reuben M. 
Snediker, Orrm 





DATE OF 






ENLISTMENT, 


RANK. AGE. 


1862. 


RE.MARKS. 


Private. 21. 


July 26. 


W. D. See II, VI. 


21. 


July 28. 


* 


32. 


Aug. 7. 


Dis. See VII. 


21 


July 26. 


Killed. See VI. 


18. 


Aug. 2. 


Killed. See VI. 


18. 


Aug. 4. 


P. D. See III, VI. 


34. 


Aug. 5. 


Died. Sec VI. 


18. 


Aug. n. 


Dis. See VII. 


21. 


" 


W. D. .See II, VI. 


19. 


Aug. 2. 


Dis. See VII. 


19 


July 25. 


W. P. See II, III, * 


18 


July 30. 


Tr. .See IV. 


36. 


Aug. 5. 


Tr. See IV. 


18 


Aug. 6. 


WP.Dis. See 11,111, VII 


30. 


Aug. 7. 


* 


23. 


Aug. 6 


W. P. See II, III.* 


30 


" 


Pr. K See I, VI 


18. 


" 


Dis. See VII. 


30. 


Aug. 10. 


Dis. See VII. 


24 


Aug. 15. 


W. P. See II. HI,* 


19. 


" 


P. K. See HI. VI 


24 


July 25. 


P. See III. * 


2.5. 


Aug. 14 


W. P. Tr. See II, III, IV 


39 


Aug. 6. 


Pr.W.P. Seel, II, III, » 


19. 


Aug. 7 


Tr. See IV. 


19 


" 


Tr. See IV 


19. 


Aug 6 


P. See III, * 


32 


Aug. 11. 


* 


26. 


July 30. 


P. See III, * 


22. 


Aug. 7. 


See Vlll. 


42. 


Aug. 11. 


Killed See VI 


28. 


Aug. 9. 


Dis See Vll. 


28. 


July 2.5. 


Killed. See VI. 


•' 22. 


July 30. 


Dis See VII. 


31. 


Aug. 4. 


Killed See VI. 


35 


Aug. 11. 


Dis. See VII. 


19. 


July 25. 


P. Dis. See III, VH. 


21. 


Aug. 1. 


* 


23 


Aug. C. 


See I, II. Ill, VI. 


30. 


Aug. 5 


Pr. W. See I, II, » 


22. 


Aug. 7. 


* 


18. 


Aug. 5. 


W. D. See II, VI. 


17. 


Aug. 7. 


Dis. See VII. 


24. 


Aug. 7. 


W. Dis See 11. VII 


19. 


Aug 6. 


W. P. See 11,111, VIII. 


21- 


Aug. 5. 


Dis. See VII. 


24. 


Aug. 8. 


W. P. D See 11,111, VI. 


33. 


July 30. 


See Vlll. 


21. 


Aug. 4. 


Tr. See IV. 


19. 




WD. Seen. VI. 


20. 


Aug 12. 


Killed See VI. 


21. 


Aug. 1. 


W. Seen.* 


18. 


Aug. 4. 


P. See III. * 


19. 


Aug. 7. 


Dis. See VII. 


21 


July 25. 


W. Dis. See 11, VII. 


23. 


Aug. 6. 


Dis. See VII. 


19. 


" 


Dis. See VII. 


3.5. 


Aug 11 


W. Dis. See 11, VXI. 


21. 


Aug. 6. 


W. Dis. See II, VIL 


18 


July 30. 


W. * See II, V. 


19 


July 25. 


P. See III, * 


21. 


July 26. 


* 


35 


July 31. 


Killed. See VI. 


18. 


Aug. 5. 


Dis See VII. 


22. 


Aug. 6. 


Di.s. See VII 


21. 




Dis. Sec VII 


28 


Aug. 7. 


* 


26. 


Aug 8 


* 



AI'I'EyDIX. 



NAMB 

Jiober. Austin 

Sober, Henry M.. 
Sober, Spenc-er 
SiroDK. Orestes L 
Tanner. Henry H 
Tully. William . . 
Waller, Harrison. 
Waters. Rollia A. 
Young. lienjamia. . 



Itlooii Aclomo 

Cousins. Levi B 

Doty. William 

Kerry. William 

(Jray. Charles 

Hobert. Mareene., 

Kelsey Arthur 

Ketchum. Daniel . ... 
Manchester. L5ii]an. 
Pierce. .Alison 1 

Kand.Ca-sslus M 

Kile V Charles H 

Sadler. John 

SaztoD. sevmour 

Scott. Cbaiincey B .. 



er Company F Continued. 




DATE iif 




E.VTISTME.VT 


KA.NK AGE 184^ KEMARKS 


Privatf IS. 


Aug. 12 Dis. See VII. 


19 


Aug 8 Dis. See VII 


21. 


Auk M. Died See VI 


21 


Aug 12. Dis See VII. 


21. 


Aug T. .See VIII 


l!fl 


Dis See VII 


ly 


Aug. h W. D. See 11, VI 


21. 


Aug. 4 Tr See IV 


31. 


Aug. 4 Dis. See VII. 


HECKUITS. 


lA 


Feb. 2. 1864 Tr. See IV. 


19 


Jan. 5. IH64 Tr Sec IV. 


24 


Jan. 5, I8»M P. Tr See I. IV. 


18 


Jan. 2. I*>4 Tr. See IV 


19. 


Jan. h. iw>4 Tr .Sec IV 


18 


Jan. 26, I8«>4 Tr See IV 


21. 


Jan 10. 1864 Tr. See II. IX. I\ 


18. 


Jan. 12. IH64 Tr. .See IV 


18. 


Jan. 13. |K»J4 Tr. .See IV 


19. 


Jan. 29. 1864 Tr. See IV. 


18. 


Dec. 28. 1863 Tr. See IV 


18 


Jan.2»5, 1864 Tr See IV 


30 


Jan. -29. 1864 Tr. See IV 


24 


Feb. 21. 1864 Tr. See IV. 


19 


Jan. 5. 1864 Tr, See IV. 



CO.MPANY Q. 



E.NI.ISTM 
NAME HANK Ai.E 1862 

William .S. Crowell Captain 20 June27. 

Albion W. Tourgee Isl Lieut. 24 July II 

K Ahlx)tt Spauliling 2U Lieut 24 

Wilbur K Thompson 1st Sergt 22 July 23 

Jos< ph K Warner Sergt. 24 July 1.S 

William II ilraman. . . • 24 

Ih-iij.tmin F. Cushiug •• 22 

Joseph (irorge ■ 25. July 26 

William H. names.. Corjioral. 19 July 21. 

Orson L. Marsh 21 July 24 

Oeorge L. Felch 24 Aug. T. 

LukeNorthway 2" July 2'> 

Norris L. Gage ' 22 Aug. 6 

Orlando t;. Clark .„ " 21 Aug. 2 

D;iiiiel H. H WheulOO.-. ' 20 July 20 

Charl.s W. lUitler " 26 July 24 

Leaiultr A (tliver,... Musician. 18 Aug. 9 

Jerome It llaukius • 19 Aug H 

■ {•-nj.iiiiin F. Hewitt V.'agoner 2ti July 2.'> 

AiHlirson. Charles W.. . Private. 22 .\ug 6 

Abix.u. .Solon M il July 16 

Ifcirker. Kduioiul .1.... 27 .\ug T 

Hach.-lor. John W. . 2>i Aug f. 

UaKjks. KUgar C I" A ig. .S 

Hull J.rry 19 

Ikiij.imiii. Lovistuc .1 "2" July •2«i 

HiMHl.JohnC „. I8 Aug 6 

iiloo<l. Favetle 21 Aug 4 

ILiUUiu. Franklin.. 32 Aug 2 

Ifc-nlon .loc! S 29 Aug 6 

Ctxi .19 Julv 31 

Chr 1 19 Aug. 1 

Ch.i . U 18 Aug. 6 

Ciu»ll<i>l Hurroughs 21 Aug. h 



E.NT 

KEMAKKS. 

Kes. S. .See \ll, IX 

See 11, III. VII IX 

See I. II. VI. Co K 

Ked Pr. S See I IX 

See I. • 

W. Dis See II. VII 

W. Dis See II. VII 

Killed See VI 

Keil. Tr. Sec I I \- 

P Dis .See III. VII 

Pr. Dis See I. VII 

Died. .See VI 

W. Dis .Sec II, VII 

Dis, Sec VII 

W. Dis. .See II. VII. 

Dis See VII 

• 

S Sec IX, VIII 
Died See VI 
Dis .See VII. 
P. See III. VIII 
W Tr. See II. IV 
Dis .Sec VII. 

Pr. Ked See I. • 
P .See III • 
Dis See VII 
Pr Tr See I IV 
.See II III VI 
Died Sei- VI 
P Tr S.. 111. IV. 
W I) Sie II, VI 
P D S.e III, VI 
l»is See VII 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company Q — Continued. 



NAME. RANK. AGE 

Crater, Oscar F Private. 39. 

Cowles, Zeri ■• Zt. 

Cowles, Edwin R " 24. 

Chapman, Zephaniah " 21. 

Cheney, George W '■ 18. 

Compton, John D '• 19. 

Drake. William ■■ 3J. 

Devoe, William P " 2C. 

De Wolt, William '• 21. 

De Wolf, John W " 23. 

Eaton, Irvin " 18. 

Pelch. Franklin " 21. 

Fox, Daniel M " 2J. 

Gant, William H •' 2). 

Gibson, William J '■ 24. 

Galbraith, Elbert P '■ 18. 

GitTord, Harley N " 22, 

Greenou-cu, John R " 2-i. 

Gould, Dani.-l C '^ Uf. 

Gillett, Leonard •' 19. 

Giddings. Francis W " 19. 

Glancy, Charle.s A '■ 21, 

Heath, Luther F • 2.'. 

Heath, Adouiram J •■ 24. 

Hall, Aaron •• 33. 

Jones, James L •• 21. 

Kirby, George " 3(J. 

Kenney, Snel ■ 18. 

Leavilt, Edwin R • 21. 

Lobdell, Dudley • 18. 

Merritt, Eliphalet " 3). 

Morgaridge, Reuben "■ 23. 

Metcalf, George L " 22. 

McCreary, Harrison ■ 18. 

Mills, Alli.son W '■ 30. 

Nichols. Hezekiah ■" 39. 

Northway, Sherman ■ 20. 

Noyes. John P " 27. 

Newboe, Edgar ■■ 30. 

Olds, William C '■ 19. 

Piper, Delos S ■■ 19. 

Phelps, George K " 19. 

Peck, Jasper '• 18. 

Pease, John D •• 31. 

Parker, Seth ' 23. 

Pettibone, Francis A ' 18. 

Reeves, Edwin •■ 20. 

Richmond, Sherman .S... 21. 

Rogers, William ' 18. 

Rood, Orville A ■ 20. 

Rowe, Francis A •■ 29. 

Spencer, John C • 32. 

Shipman, Wilson D " 18. 

Smith, Jerome L '• 39. 

Shepherd, Horace '■ 26. 

Slevrens, John E '• 18. 

Sill, John S •■ 23. 

Sill, Theodore '■ 19. 

Spaulding, Asa B " 19. 

Shultz, Jacob ' 19. 

Swartout, Lacy '• 34. 

Stoll. Henry C '• 19. 

Turney, Albert A '• 37. 

Thompson, Lamonzo " 25. 

Waterman, William A... " 20. 

Waterman, Adna " 18. 

Whipple, Perr;;r M " 26. 



DATE OF 

ENLISTMENT 
1862. 

July 22. 
Julv 24. 

July 17. 
Aug. 4. 
Aug. 2. 
Julv \h. 
July 24. 
Aug. f). 
Aug. 2. 

Aug. <i. 
Aug. 2. 
Aug. 7. 



A'.g. .5. 
Aug. 2. 
July 20. 
Aug. ti. 
July 24. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. G. 

Aug. 1. 
Aug. 5. 

July 16. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug._ 0. 

Aug. 5. 

July 24. 
July 30. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 6. 

Aug. 7. 

Aug. 6. 

Aug. 7. 

Aug. h. 



Aug. li. 
Julv 26. 
July 31. 
Aug. 6. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 6. 



Aug. 7. 
Aug. 5. 
July 16. 
July 25. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 7, 
July 23. 
Aug. 4. 
Aug. 7. 

Aug. 6. 



REMARKS. 

Pr. See I. * 

Died. See VI. 

W. See II, * 

Died. See VI. 

Pr. See I. * Q. M. S. 

W. P. D. See II, III, VI 

Tr. See IV. 

P. See III, VIII. 

* 

Tr. See IV. 
P. See III, * 
\V. D. See II, VI. 

* 

W. D. See II, VI. 

Pr. See I. * Com. Sg.; 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Dis. See VIL 

Pr. See I. * 

W. D. See II, VI. 

* 

W. Tr. See II, IV. 

Pr. See L * 

Dis. See VII. 

W. See II. * 

Dis. See VII. 

P. D. S. See HI, VL IX 

Tr. See YV. 

W. D. See II, VL 

Killed. See VL 

W. Dis. See 11, VIL 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. See I. * Capt. Co. D 

Tr. See IV. 

W. Dis. See 11, VIL 

Pr. See I. * 

Died. See VI. 

Dis. See VIL 

Dis. See VIL 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. See L * 

Killed. See VL 

Died. See VI. 

* 

* See V. 

P. D. See III, VL 
* 

Pr. SeeL * 

* See V. 
Dis. See VIL 
P. See III. * 
Dis. See VII. 

P. Tr. See III, IV. 
Died. See VL 
W. D. See II, VI. 
Dis. See VII. 
* 

Dis. See VII. 
Tr. See IV. 
Killed. See VL 

* 

Tr. See IV. 

W. P. * See II, III, V. 

Died. See VL 

Pr. See I. * 

W. D. See II, VIL 

W, D. See II, VI. 

W. D. See II, VIL 



M'I'EyDIX. 



Roster Company G Continued. 



RECRUITS. 



Henry AUains 3il Lieut. 

Fuller, c;eoive V Privuif. 

Fuller. Martin H 

Munn. H<-riiiun 1> . 
I'iirker. William 11 
Kic-hurilMm. (Jeort'i- N 

Sw«-«'t, Jesse M 

Torry. .Stinecu U 

Whitniore, (,'liauni-<-v 
Williams. Milton 



31. 
IK 
ly. 



Oct. 8,1862Civilianapp't. D. See VI 

Jan. 3.1K64 W. D. See II, VI. 

Jan. •-MK64Tr. .See IV. 

Jan. .i.lwMTr. See IV. 

Jail. .^.1^6^ Uis. .See VII. 

Dec. ii. 1 N53 Died. See V I . 

Jan. .S IWVJ W. Tr. S. See II, IV, IX 

Jan. .MwHTr. See IV. 

Jan. ^,lt<ft^ Uied. .See VI. 

Dec. 22, 1 H63 Tr. See I V. 



COnPANY M. 



NA.MK. IIA.VK. A<;K. 

Robert Wilson t'aptain. 40. 

William H. Clark 1st Lieut. 27. 

John V. Hart/ell 2d Lieut. 24. 

Ira F. Mansllelil 1st .Serift. 20. 

Florentine M. .SimoD SerKt. 19. 

John Mebar^ 22. 

Amo.s Oibbs 34. 

Abram S. Met'urley 24. 

Jam< s S. Caldwell Corporal. 20. 

Joseph (;arbaii(.'h •' 23. 

H"'raee(;. Kutr^'les- " 20. 

William K. Mtad •• 27. 

.Manassas Miller " 24. 

.Andrew (Jeddi's •' 24. 

Alinon Kastinan " 2H. 

Hriiry It. Myer • 23. 

Saiiiuel Mri»,'bt Musician, ly. 

William M. Taylor •' 23. 

iJaviil Mricker Wajroner. 44. 

Armstrong'. William T... Private. 20. 

.\ Hen, Joseph .S •• 24. 

.\llen. Jesse F '• ^). 

Metuiett. Thomas • 25. 

M'>yle. ( Jeorts'e V " |l». 

IJrottii, FriHlerick •• 2:i 

H.Uard. John H " 2rt. 

l<i>Uk'hloii. Honice •• JM. 

Uin-li<-eker. Jacob •' 23. 

Mn-nainan. Con.stuutine. " |>^. 

Makir, Sylveslt-r •• |9. 

Hak. r. William H " W. 

< 'cssiia, John W " 22. 

Cot.bs. KU •• 19. 

Courtney. I-'rtHlerlck " 26. 

iH-an, Itenjandn •• 31. 

Mull Ceorv'e M _ •' 32. 

Kll' iii-'er. John F " |t». 

Ii.i-l.-. /.imri ** 21. 

llanflier. Joseph H " 22, 

FisIkI. KlM-n M " 19. 

Fishfl. Solomon '• I«. 

• iri'ssman. John •' 30. 

H:trtiii;in. Nathan " |u. 

Il.irrison, JcTiiiiah ■• 2R. 

M.i! !/.i||. Joshua • |H. 

II >\. s, Ihivl.l 21. 

H..:i.>Uiie. Haclll . IS. 

H it.t .Mfritl. 21. 

II iiii, Chaiimv .M IK. 

II .M.ii, llinrv IK 

l-:.-hv.- Wllllul.i 11 18 



K.Vrt i>K 




K.M.I ST.ME.NT 


|H«2. 


UK.M.MiKS. 


A UK. 9. 


Killed. See VI. 


July 23. 


Res. See VII. Co. E 


Auk. 5- 


Hr. *. See I. V. 


A UK. 9. 


Pr. W. See I. II •. 


July 24. 


W. Dis. Seen, VII. 


Auk. 11. 


Pr. Seel.*. 


Auk. f*. 


Retl. See I. • 


Auk. V. 


W. .See II. • 


Auk. h. 


Pr. .See I. • 


Auk. 11. 


Pr. See I. • 


" 


Dls. .See VII. 


Auk. I. 


P. See III. • 


Auk. V. 


W. Seen.* 


Auk. 5. 


W. See II. •. 


Auk. 11. 


Tr. .See IV. 




Dls. .See VII. 

« 


July 28. 


• 

Dls. See VII. 


Auk. t*. 


Killed. See VI. 


Auk. II. 


• 




• 


July .10. 


Dls. See VII. 


A UK. «. 


Pr. Red. Dis. .Se.I.VII 


Auk. S». 


• 


Auk. 11. 


Pr. Seel.* 




Kille.l. .See VI. 

• 


Ajk- 9 


W. Seen.* 


Auk ' ' 


• 




). .See II. VI. 


Auk 




AUK- 




AUK. V. 


Tr. See IV. 


Auk. 11. 


Died. .See VI. 




Pr. See I. • 




P See III.* 




W. .Seen.*. 


.\v.t 


•. .See V. 


Auk. 11. 


Died. See VI. 


Auk- 20. 


• 




P. See in *. 


Auk. .S. 


UiUe 1. See VI. 


Auk. rt. 


P. .see HI * 


Auk. v. 


P. S.-«- III * 


Auk. n 


P. S,^III • 


•■ 


W.K. Set n. VI. 


Auk. 30. 


W. Tr S.1- n. IV. 


Auk. II. 


Tr. See IV. 


Auk ». 


P. .See III. VIII. 


Aui{. «. 


vv ,, .«,.,. ,, VI 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company H —Continued. 



DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 



NAME. FtANK. AUK. 

Kaiser. Frank Private. 21. 

Kirltbride. James •• ih. 

Kirkbride. Joseph " 23. 

Kirkbride. Asher " iS. 

Kirk, Robert A '• 24. 

Marlow, William T '■ 19. 

Myers, Jonathan ■ 25. 

Miller, Addison ■• 21. 

Mathias, Edmund H ■• 27. 

Middleton. William H... •• 21. 

MeCurley. James • '21. 

Musser, Hazard " 18. 

MeCurley. John C •• lit. 

Mathers, James T '• 19. 

Nesbitt, John W '• 22. 

Naylor, James B • 2U. 

Naylor, William H ■ r2. 

Noble, Homer •• 20. 

Ovington, John K " 22. 

Owen, Eli J., ■ 22. 

Park, James ■ 20. 

Price, Charles D •■ 18. 

Rummel, Joseph ■ 21. 

Kaub, Samuel K ■• 18. 

Koahr, Charles " 20. 

Raub, Isaac C. P " 20. 

Sherman, Albert A " 18. 

Shuick, George W " 22. 

Stratton, Evi " 21. 

Shields, tiomer J " 20. 

Strawn. Charles D " 24. 

Stewart, Royal M " 21. 

Stutler, Jesse " 23. 

Silver, Allen '• S-i. 

Silver, Ja.son W " 24. 

Smith, George J " 25. 

Spitler, George J " 31. 

Spitler, Peter •' 24. 

Umstead Daniel W ■■ 18. 

Van Norden. Charles A. " 18. 

Veaable, Peter " 22. 

White, Francis " 27. 

Weldy, Samuel " 19. 

Weld'y, Moses '• 28. 

Wilson, David A '■ 21. 

Whetstone. Jt-remiah.... '• 27. 

Watson. Alexander T '• 47. 

Wire, Samilel " 21. 

Yoder, Ezra '• 21. 

Young, John '■ 23. 

K 

Shaffer, James '• 19. 

Whet.stone. Isaac B •• 19. 

Witmer. Lewis '■ 18. 

Witzeman. Benjamin '■ 2.i. 



Aug. 11. 



Aug. 9. 
Aug. 6. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 11. 



Aug. (3. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 1. 

Aug. 11. 
Aug. 6. 
Aug. 9. 

Aug. II. 

July 23. 
Aug. 6. 
Aug. 8. 
Aug. 11. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. II. 



Aug. 9. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 1. 

Aug. 11. 
Aug. 1. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 11. 



Aug. 6. 
Aug. 11. 



HE.MAKKS. 

P. See III, * 

W. p. Tr. See II, III. IV' 

Dis. See VII. 

W. P. D. .See II. HI. VI 

W. See II. * 

* 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 
W. Dis. See II, VII. 

* 

P. See III, * 

* 

See VIII. 

Di. d. See VI. 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. W. See I, II, * 

P. See HI. *. 

W. D. S^e II. VI. 

Died. See VI. 

* 

P. D. See III, VI. 
P. See HI. * 
P. See HI. * 
P. K. See HI. VI. 

P. See HI. * 
Died. See VI. 
Died. See VI. 
Died. See' VI. 
P. .See HI. * 
Killed. See VI. 



P. Tr. See HI, IV. 
P. See HI, * 

* 

Pr. P. See I, HI, * 
Pr. See I, * 
P. See III,* 

* 

Died. See VI. 
P. See HI. * 



W. P. See II, HI, * 



Dis. See VII. 
P. See III. 
Dis. See VII. 
Tr. See IV. 



KECKUITS. 



Feb. lo. 18e>l Tr. 
Mar.24, 1864 Tr. 
F' b. 24. 1864 Tr. 
Mar.28. 1864 Tr. 



See IV. 
See IV. 
See IV. 
See IV. 



COnPANY 1. 



NA.ME. KANK. AGE. 

L. Dwight Kee Captain. 33. 

Charles A. Brigden 1st Lieu. 45. 

William H. Osborn 2d Lieut. 24. 

L. Newton Parker 1st Sergt. 20. 

Albert H. Smith Sergt. 19. 

Solomon Ball " 41. 



D.ATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 

1862. 
Aug. 2. 
July 23, 



Aug. 8. 
July 28. 
Aug. 9. 



REMARKS. 

Killed. See VI. 
W. Res. See II, VH. 
Pr. See I. * 1st Lieut. 
Pr. W. .See I. II. * 
Dis. See VII. 



.1/V'A\V7)/.V. 



Roster company (j Continued. 



KKCKCITS. 



Henry Adiiiiui„ :M Lieut. 

Fuller. GeofRe V I*ri»'aie. IK 

KuU.-r. Martin H ' 21. 

Muiifi. HiTiiiuu II 3i 

I'.trkcr. Williuiii II U. 

Ulrluirdsoii. (Jcorv"- N "Jt 

Sw.-«l, Je-»se .M 27. 

Ti.rry. S«m-cu I) 31. 

Whit more, <'haunr<-v IH. 

Wllliuros. Milton li). 



Oct. P.lHaa Civilian app't. D. See VI 

Jan. 2.1MM \V. U. See II. VI. 

Jan. 'J.l^wHTr. S<-e IV. 

Jan. .SI»«MTr. See IV. 

Jan. S.M'M Uls. .S«-e VII. 

Dec. i.' iMwJ Died. See VI. 

Jan. .SI Mil W. Tr. S. See II. IV. IX 

Jan. .S.lt«6<Tr. See IV. 

Jan. 4.IW4 Died. .See VI. 

Dec. 2LMM3 Tr. See I V. 



Cn.-IPANV ri. 



NAM P.. I(.\.\K. . 

Ki.lxTt WllMin Captain. 

William H. Claric 1st Lieut. 

John C. Hartzell '.W Lieut. 

Ini K. Man.sllelil 1st .Serpt. 

Florentine M. Simon SerKt. 

John Mehan? 

.\mos <U)bbs 

.M>rani S. McCurley 

Jaiii' s .S. Cultlwell Corporal. 

Jiis..|ih ('arttaii^'h 

Hor.u-ec;. UtiKI^'les- 

William K. MfaU„ 

.M.iiiassas Miller _ 

.\ni!rfw < ;«'«liles 

.\lriniii Kastinun 

H. iiry K. .Myer „ 

Saiiiiiol llrik'bt Musician. 

William .M. Taylor.^ 

Duviil Uricker Wagoner. 

ArmsironK. William T... Private. 

.\ll<-ii. Jost'ph .S _ 

.\lli ti. Jesse K 

H< liiKtt. Thomas _... 

U .ylf. iMMiive V 

Hnn\ti. Kri-<lerick " 

M. llanl. John H 

|{<>uKhioii. Horace *• 

Hijch'-eker. Ju4*ol) 

Mri'iiaman. Con.sianllne. " 

liak<T, .Sylvrst«'r 

Hak.r. William H 

Crssiia, John W 

,■,.,,..- I'll 

I ■• 

I !■ ! 

n.. — ... .M 

Kii''iij.'»"r. John b'. 
Ktit'lr. Zlmri 

1 ' 

1 

Martin. iti. .\ . 
Harrison, .1. 
Hart/..1| J. .si. ... 
H.v.s Da\l<l 

M..n.-.lliii-. Ma«-lll.i 

H ■ \ 'r..l 

I 





iJAIK >J» 






K.M.ISTME.N-T 




U.K. 


it^K. 


i(i:M.\i<K<. 


•K). 


Aujr- 9. 


Killed. See VI. 


27. 


July 23. 


Kes. See VII. Co. E 


2J. 


Auj,'. .S. 


Hr •. See I V. 


30. 


Au»r. 9. 


Hr. W. See I. II •. 


i9. 


July 24. 


W. Dis. See II, VII. 


22. 


Auk. 11. 


Pr. .See I. •. 


M. 


Auk. h. 


Ked. .Si-e I. • 


•u. 


Au*r. 9. 


W. .S.X- II. • 


21). 


Autr. .V 


Pr. See I. • 


23. 


AuK. II. 


Pr. See I. • 


30. 




Dis. See VII. 


27. 


Auk. I. 


P. ^-- '" • 


24. 


Auk. 9. 


W. - 


24. 


Auk- V 


W. - 


■>. 


Auk. II. 


Tr. .--. . . . 


23, 




DLt. isee Vil. 


111. 


•' 


• 


23. 




• 


41. 


July ■». 


Dis. Sec VII. 


-11. 


Auk. h. 


Killed. See VI. 


24. 


Auk. II. 


• 


30. 




• 


2ft. 


JulySn. 


Dis, See VII. 


IV. 


Auk. «. 


Pr. Red. Dis. .See I. VII 


23. 


Auk. 9. 


• 


2fl. 


Auk. 11. 


Pr. SoeI.» 


IH. 




KllIwJ. .See VI. 


23. 


•• 


• 


lt». 


Auk. 9. 


W. See II. • 


19. 


Ausr.ii. 


• 


IV. 




WD. StxII. VI 


22. 


Ajk. ft. 


• 


19. 


Auk. «. 


• 


2«. 


Auk. 9. 


Tr. See IV. 


31. 


Auk. 11. 


Died. See VI. 


S2. 




Pr. ^- • • • 


It*. 




P. ^ 


21. 


• • 


W. - 


•»* 


Auk. y 


•. ."s. . . 


i»! 


Auk. n. 


DIetl. i>ec Vi. 


IH. 


Auk. 30. 


• 


20. 




P. S,-e in •. 


19. 


Auk. ft. 


Klllel ?H>e VL 


2&. 


Auk. rt. 


P .-M-e III • 


IH. 


Auk. 9. 


P. S.-.- Ill • 


21. 


Ajk. II. 


P S« III • 


IH. 




W K S.XII.VI. 


21. 


Auk ai. 


W. Tr S.-<- II. IV. 


IK. 


Au«. II. 


Tr. .N.-.- IV. 


IH 


Auk 9. 


P. .*Me III VIII. 


IH. 


A UK. * 


\V II «s.. 11 VI 



I 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company H— Continued. 



NAME. HA 

Kaiser, Frank Priv 

Kirkbride, James 

Kirkbride, Joseph 

Kirkbride, Asher " 

Kirk, Robert A 

Marlovv, William T 

Myers, Jonathan 

Miller, Addison 

Mathias, Edmund H 

Middleton, William H... 

McCurley, James " 

Musser, Hazard 

McCurley. John C 

Mathers, James T 

Nesbitt, John W 

Naylor, James B 

Naylor, William H 

Noble, Homer " 

Ovington, John R 

Owen, Eli J.. 

Park, James " 

Price, Charles D 

Kummel, Joseph 

Raub, Samuel K " 

Roahr, Charles " 

Raub, Isaac C. P " 

Sherman, Albert A " 

Shuick, George W " 

Stratton, Evi 

Shields, tiomer J " 

Strawn. Charles D " 

Stewart, Royal M " 

Stutler, Jesse " 

Silver, Allen 

Silver, Jason W 

Smith, George J 

Spitler, George J " 

Spitler, Peter 

Umstead Daniel VV 

V^an Norden. Charles A. " 

Venable, Pet^-r " 

White, Francis " 

Weldy, Samuel " 

Weldy, Moses " 

Wilson, David A " 

Whetstone. Jtremiah.... 

Watson. Alexander T '• 

Wire, Samuel " 

Yoder, Ezra '■ 

Young, John 

Shaffer, James '■ 

Whetstone, Isaac B 

Witmer, Lewis " 

Witzeman, Benjamin 



DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 
NK. AGE. 1862. 

ate. 21. Aug. II. 
2.5. " 

23. 
18. 
24. 

19. Aug. 9. 
2.5. Aug. 6. 
21. Aug. 9. 
27. Aug. 7. 

21. Aug. II. 
■21. 

18. 
19. 
19. 

22. " 
20'. Aug. 6. 
■a. Aug. 8. 

20. Aug. 9. 
22. Aug. 1. 
22. 

20. Aug. II. 
18. Aug. 6. 

21. Aug. 9. 
18. 

20. Aug. II. 
20. 

18. July 23. 

22. Aug. S. 

21. Aug. 8. 

20. Aug. II. 
24. 

21. Aug. 9. 
23. 

3.5. Aug. II. 

24. 

25. 

31. Aug. 9. 

24. Aug. 9. 

18. Aug. 1. 
18. 

22. Aug. II. 

27. Aug. I. 

19. Aug. 5. 

28. Aug. 11. 
21. 

27. 
47. 
21. 
21. Aug. 6. 

23. Aug. II. 
KECKUITS. 

19. Feb. 15, I8t>4 

19. Mar. 24, 1864 

18. F-b. 24, 1864 

2.). Mar.28, 1864 



HEMAHKS. 
P. See III. * 
W. P. Tr. Seen, III.IV 
Dis. See VII. 
W. P. D. .See II, III. VI 
W. See II, * 
* 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 
W. Dis. See II, VII. 

* 

P. See III, * 

* 

See VIII. 

Di. d. See VI. 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. W. See I, II, * 

P. See III. *. 

W. D. Sf-e II, VI. 

Died. See VI. 

* 

P. D. See III, VI. 
P. See III. * 
P. See III. * 
P. K. See III, VI. 

P. See III. * 
Died. See VI. 
Died. See VI. 
Died. See' VI. 
P. See III, * 
Killed. See VI. 



P. Tr. See III, IV. 
P. See III, * 

* 

Pr. P. See I, III. * 
Pr. See I. * 
P. See III, * 

* 

Died. See VI. 
P. See III. * 



W. P. See II, III, * 



Dis. See VII. 
P. See III. 
Dis. See VII. 
Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 



COMPANY I. 



NAME. U.\NK. AGE. 

L. Dwight Kee Captain. 33. 

Charles A. Brigden 1st Lieu. 45. 

William H. Osborn 2d Lieut. 24. 

L. Newton Parker 1st Sergt. 20. 

Albert H. Smith Sergt. 19. 

Solomon Ball 41. 



D.^TE OF 
ENLISTMENT 

1862. 
Aug. 2. 
July 23, 



Aug. 8. 
Julv 28. 
Aug. 9. 



REMARKS. 

Killed. See VI. 
W. Res. See II, VII. 
Pr. Seel. * 1st Lieut. 
Pr. W. See I. II. * 
Dis. See VII. 



.1 /•/'/■; -V/>/.v. 



Roster Company 1 -Continued. 



SAME. "^;*'^- 

WlUiain WuWacP ',', 

Collius E. HusUiiell Corporal. 

AW<n K. HrooUs.. 

Kolx rl N. HokoiuD ,^ 

CliHrUs li. Haye;. 

l^jl«.Tl,S. AU.'U_ 

C'vrusCrippt-n 

Huk'hM Itoy* 

DU.n J. Turner Musician 

Horn'* Kawilim Musician 

jov.-iih H. Ashl.-y vruu"e 

Amu'rsnn. Tho.nas. Priyie. 

Aoilrt-w-'. Elnu-r H 

UuiU-r. Krauk A 

Ituller, Lucius (. 

nrUlK«man. Tboma> 

Ilarb. »;a»>ricl P ., 

I3owtT, J<'hn M. ••• 

Italliv. Ambrose J 

Huntiiik'. KolH-rl L 

llccWwiih. Ini \N 

Ik)wir. Uavu\.. •; 

CaUUv.-n. Williams 

C.Hik, John S. .-.^ 

0.11y<'r. •■■eorKcE 

CX)X, Scvniour A 

Cn-li-'hlon, NVllliam 

Collar, llrnry 

IKlatjo. Horace ....^. 

Foljc-s. IVraiimnU * 

Fris»)y, Auk'usius B..^-. 

GltUliu-"'. Frederick M- 

Grim. Jac.il) 

Ha«l'lock. John........ 

Harrison, Mi"'"V'v.''vi 

Hlscock, H. zcUiah H.... 

Harrison, Sa^alUlcl 

Ha/.K"tin<'. Jolin ^J-;- 

H;insoD.Tha'l<lcusC 

H'iith. MiloG 

HullMirt.Hom.r... 

HoUonili. Mark 11 

Haiii'!. William J — „ 

Hain<!, Gw)r;-'c 

Hako. Sa:uu< I 

Joslri. P -...vii'm-. 

Joi: - " 

K" 

K. '" 

Ki. 

Ki. 

I^- 

E<" 

L\' 

U\ 

U. 

M. 

M 

M. 

M' 

>'' 

N' ■ 

J- 

!'• 

r 

r. 



HATE •■»■ 
EM.l"«TJill.>T 

21. 

21. 



IK 
26. 
2«. 
28. 
25. 
21. 

37. 

41. 

2y. 

23. 
.» 

23. 
20. 
30. 
It*. 
20. 

tM 

2o! 
2fl. 
2?. 
24. 
19. 
29. 
29. 
19. 
19. 
35. 
20. 
Itt. 



Auif. 13. 
Autf. 5- 
Aujf. 8. 
AuK. "• 

Au«.n. 

Aug. 8. 
Auif. 9. 
Aug. 13. 

AuR. 8. 
Autf._ 9. 

Aug. 11. 
Aug. b. 
Aug. 11. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 11. 
Aug. 10. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 11. 
Aug. ^■ 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. II. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 8. 
Aug. 6. 



2<5. 
44. 
23. 
18. 
19. 
32. 
18. 
18. 
24. 
19. 
25. 

18. 
Si 

21. 

29. 
19. 
29. 
41. 
23. 
IK 
IK 
19. 
28. 
20. 

18". 
21. 
IK 

•.a 

IH. 
3.". 
24. 
21. 
21. 



Ang. »• 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 8. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 12. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 13. 

Aug. 7. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 5. 

Aug. 8. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 7. 
Aug. 9. 
Aug. 7. 
Aug. 9. 

Aug. 2. 
Atig. 9. 
Aug. 12. 
Aug. 5. 
Aug. 13. 
Aug. 12- 

Aug. 9. 
Aug. 12. 
Aug. 9. 



UEMARK!^ 

Pr. See I. • Captain- 

W. Stell.* 

p. Dis. Sot•l.^ II. 

Pr W.Seel.U»lsil>l«*ut 

W.Uis. SccIi.VII. 

Pr. Jsoel.* 

Tr. See IV. 

Died. SeeM. 

W •. See \l.\ 

w P. * si-vii. in, V. 

Pr. Keil. See 1, • 

Dis. See VII. 

V. SeeUl. • 

• SeeV. , ,_ 

w. D. s. Soon, VI. ix 

w'. 'See II. V. 
Killed. SeeNL 
Dis. SeeVIL 

• 

Pr. W. P. See 1, II. VI 

Tr. See IV. 

See VIU. 

• 

Dis. Sec VII. 

KlUetl. See \ L 

W. See 11. ".^ 

Killed. See \ I. 

W.I). See II. M. 

Killed. See\L 

W. Seen.* 

Died. Se'-VI. 

W. Dis. See II. Ml. 

Pr. W. D. Seel, 11, M- 

Dis. See^-^. 

p. 1). See 111. VI. 

• 

p • PeeTlI. V. 

W.Tr. See 11. IV. 



IMS. See VII. 

• 

Dis. See VII. 

W. Dis. See II. Ml- 

Tr. See IV. 

W P Dis. See 11. HI. \ II 

p." See 111. •" 

P. See 111. • 

I» Tr. See III. IN . 

V. Sec 111. • 

P. See 111.* 

W. U. Sell. VI. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. Sec IV. 

Dis. St-eVIl. ,.,, 

W P.Dis. Se<II Ill-N II 

w! s.-<-n.v!ii 

Dis. S»-eVn 

See VIII. 

SeeVUI. 

W P. See 1 . i 1 1 

KlU.ll, See VI 

W. P. S.ell.I.I 

IV S<-eIll.» 

Tr. .'M.'C IV. 

W.Tr. S<ell.r. 

W.P. See II. Ill • 

Pr. W. D. See I, II. N L 



APPENDIX. 



Roster Company 1— Continued. 



DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 

NAME. KANK. A(;E. 1862. REMARKS. 

Reynolds, Philip Private. 31. " Pr. W. P. Dis. See I, II 

III, VI. 

Rulapaugh, John " 40. Aug. 5. Tr. See IV. 

Rowe, Albert G •' 2:.'. Aug. 8. \V. P. 1). See II, III, VI, 

Smith, Cyrus T ' 2'i. Aug. 12. P. Stelll. * 

Sperry, Henry H ■■ 'ZX. Aug. 9. Dis. See \'II. 

Steele, Calvin F '' 2U. " P. Dis. See III. VII. 

Sealv, Esau A ■• :28. Aug. 6. W. D. See II, VI. 

Storier. John T '■ 19. Aug. 9. * 

Triloff, William F '• 18. Aug. 11. W. * See II, V. 

Thompson. John " 29. Aug. 7. * 

Tuttle, Hartson " .18. Aug. 8. Dis. See VII. 

Thurbur, Silas " 29. Aug. 9. Died. See VI. 

Thomas, George " 22. Aug. 8. Died. See VI. 

Tidd, Jeremiah M '■ 24. Aug. 9. * 

Talcott. Whitman B " 20. Aug. 8. W. D. See II, VI 

Udall.Orrin " 20. Aug. 5. Pr. Seel,* 

Wilcox, William R '• 19. Aug. 9. * See V. 

Wind ram, Robert " 35. Aug. 5. Dis. See VII. 

Whitcomb, Erivn A '■ 24. Aug. 9. Pr. W. K. See I, II, VI. 

Webb, Darwin ■• 20. Aug. 13. W. Tr. See II. IV. 

Webb, Henry " 18. " W. Dis. See II, VII. 

Webb, Albert " 20. " * 

Wilcox, Daniel E ■' 3.5. , " Dis. See VII. 

Wildman, Ira " 42. Aug. 8. Tr. See IV. 

Young, George W " 20. Aug. 9. Pr. See I. * 

Yokes, Ezra " 19. '• * 

RECRUITS. 

Lane, George " 27. Dec. 23, 18G3 Tr. See IV". 

COnPANY K. 



NAME. RANK. 

Edward V. Bowers Captain. 

Henry C. Sweet 1st Lieut. 

Leverett A. Barnard 2d Lieut. 

William H. Castle 1st Sergt. 

George L. Mason Sergt. 

Nelson H. Smith " 

Austin Adams " 

Charles H. Harris 

Alan.son Gary Corporal. 

Alba B. Martin 

Howard S. Stephens 

John Mann 

Wesley L. Jarvis 

William O, Smith 

Andrew Perkins " 

Lewis Price Musician. 

John Price " 

Lewis H. Roberts "Wagoner. 

Atkins, Levi Private. 

Arnold, Orrin 

Alfred, Aldrick 

Alderman, Ellsworth A. 
Alderman, Cassius M.... 

Amidon, Edmund S 

Burgett, Harrison 

Burgett, Harrison H " 

Bishop, John H 

Brett, Thomas 

Kurlingame, Edwin K.... 

Bates, Charles F " 

Bates, Charles H " 

Babcock, Benjamin N.... " 



DATE OF 
ENLISTMENT 

AGE. 1862. 

49. July 28. 

21. July 16. 
29. Aug. 7. 

22. Aug. 12. 

28. Aug. 11. 
2.5. Aug. 13. 

26. Aug. 11. 

23. Aug. 4. 

29. " 

21. Aug. 11. 

24. Aug. 7. 

22. Aug. 6. 
19. Aug. 4. 
19. Aug. 13. 

19. Aug. 9. 
21. July 27. 

27. " 

23. Aug. 3. 
40. Aug. 11. 

30'. Aug. 9. 

18. Aug. 12. 
18. 

30. Aug. 13. 

20. Aug. 4. 

21. Aug. 9. 
18. Aug. 6. 
23. Aug. 9. 
40. Aug. II. 

25. Aug. 12. 
18. Aug. 13. 
36. Aug. 2. 



REMARKS. 

Res. See VII. 

See I, IX, VII, Co. I. 

Pr. D. See I, VI, Co. F 

Pr. Dis. See I,VII, Co. E 

Pr. See I,* 

* 

Dis. See VII. 
Dis. See VII. 
Dis. See VII. 
Dis. See VII. 
Died. SeeVI. 
Red. Tr. See I, I\-. 
* 

W. *. See II, V. 
Red. S. See I, IX. * 
S. Dis. See IX, VII. 
S. Dis. See IX, VII. 
Dis. See VII. 
Died. See \l. 
Pr. W. D. See I, II, VL 
* 

P. See III, * 

P. See III. * 

Dis. See VII. 

Tr. See IV. 

Tr. See IV. 

Died. See VL 

Dis. See VII. 

W. Dis. See IT, VIL 

W. Dis. See II VI. 

Died. See VI. 

W. See II, * 



Al'PESDIX. 



Roster Company K -^Continued. 



KAHE. 

Bll«i«. rhar!«><; H 
BlaV ' 

Bar 

Bit-. 

Bl:>. 1- 

Ch. 

Co: 

Clttl-l. !....:...,. J 

Ihirrow. Alfred 

UuU'll, .Iiiliii«i 

E<!''- ■■ • ■ '-ne A 

E:i F 

Fi. 

Ffiwi.--:., ■ :.,»! les A. 

Folx>. Heury H 

FulliT. John 

Farl, William 

Fak's. L«.'»ls C , 

Garry. David 

Ueliy. Frederick I._ 

Hkoik. Clay 

Holden. William D 

Humphrey. Marcus W 
Hutchiusoii. Stephen J. 

Hints. l>>;iac 

Hall. Frederick W 

Hanna. Lymun P „. 

Howartl. William 

Hutchinson. David 

Hutchinson. Arthur G„ 

Hill. Cleucy E 

Harl)ack. Ira W 

Johnson. tJeor^fe W 

Jenkins. Aaron 

Jordan. Lysauder P 

Kinney. Albert H 

Kinp. Ceorne 

Klntf. Amos H 

Laskey, Matthew 

Moivan. Seymour L 

Olmstead. Selden 

Parker. Allnrtus W 

Powers, William H 

PauKburn. Horace W... 

Prait. Charles 

Kasey . < 'hester. 

Basry. Charles 

Kotx-rts, James E..„ 

Smith. AU'xander 

Smith. Wilson W 

Smith. Horatio M 

Shepherd, Lorln 

Shaw. Henry 

Scovllle. Henry 

Stow, EK'l>«Tt 

S«'vmour. (leoTK'e 

S».-el. Jlllitl S 

Slater. All»<rt A 
Taylor, Fnincis A 
Williams. Thiiles F 
Wrik'ht. William \V 
Williams. JiM-l 
Warn-n. Fnincis 
WatniuH. John K . . 
Wilson. FreilerUk W 
Weljb. Amln-w W. . 



i.ATK or 

» NI^IsTME.V I 
HANK. AI.K. MSI. 

Private. 18. Aug. 11. 
iX Autr- 'J. 



•,T. A UK. 6. 

31. Auk. 5. 

3.'>. July ftJ. 

:\. Aug. II. 

•Jl. AutJ. K 

1*1. Aug. II. 
IS 

I". Aup. 13. 

•-'i Auk- 5- 

31. A up. 6. 

31. Aup. 9. 

IH. Aup. II. 

M*. A up. 6. 

U'6. Aup. 13. 

2<i. Au»r. 4. 

'.'rt, Au«. 13. 

I«. Aug. 6. 

lit. Aup. 13. 

33. Aui,'. 13. 
3i 

•J I. Aup. A. 

It. Aup. U. 

L11. Aup. 7. 

31. Aug. 6. 

31. Aup. li 

1«. Aup. 1.1. 

It. Aup. r.'. 

ly. July H. 

-".•. Aup. II. 

IH. Aup. li 



ly. Julv .V. 
2.1. Aug. II. 



Aup. f>. 

Aug. 6. 
•Ji Aup. 13. 
•J3. Aup. ». 

Aug. 13. 



•i\ 



IS. 

Iv 

\-. 



Aug. 9. 



Auu. «. 
Aug. 13. 



|s. July 2fl. 
:w. Aug. h. 
IT. Aug. m. 
•-*•.'. Aug. li 
ZX. Aug. 4. 
■i\. Aug. !•.'. 

Aug. 13. 

Aug. 5. 

Aug. 9. 

Aug. 13. 
•Jl. Aug. •!. 
1«. Aug. li 
•Jy. Aug. 9 
XX. Aug. U. 
34. Aug. ri 



•i\ 



•J".', 



liLMAKKS. 

Dis. See VII. 

• 

W. Dis. Fee II. VII 

W. P. See II. Ill, • 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. D. .See I. VI. 

Dis. See VII. 

Pr. Siel.» 

P. S. See III. IX. • 

Dis. See VII. 

.Seel. II. III. VI. 

W. Dis. See II, VII. 

DIs. See VII. 

Dis. Sec VII. 

Killed. See VI. 

KlUcl. See VI. 

Tr. See IV. 

Dis. See VII. 

P. Dis. See III. VII 

Kllleil. See VI. 

W. Dis. S^ell.VII 

Died. See \I. 

Dis. See VII. 

W. •. See II. V. 

P. .See III,* 

See VIII. 

W. Dis. See TI, VII. 

Killed. See VI. 

P. D, See 1 1 1. VI. 

P. Dis. .Seelll. V:i 

Dis. .See VII. 

DIs. .See Vll 

Dis. Sie VIII. 

W. P. See II. 111. • 

Pr. Seel.» 

Pr. Seel.* 

Died. .See VT. 

P. • See III. V. 

Sec VIII 

• 

DIs. See VII. 

Tr. S»t^-IV. 

Dis. See VII. 

• 

P. See III.* 
Dis. S«-e \ 11. 
Dis. Se« VII. 

• 

Killed. .«;ceVI. 
Dis. .See VII. 
Pr. Tr. See I, IV. 
See VIII. 
Dis. See Vir. 



P. See in. • 
Tr. .s,fIV. 

P. S.H'I1I.» 

.St«o VIII. 

Dis. .Sec VII. 

W. nis. See II. VII 

W. P. S.ell.III,* 

P. See III. • 

P. .S.el.» 

• See V. 

W. D. Sec II. VL 



KnoH. Andrew 

Tower. Herbert_., 



Private 



II K« Iff ITS. 

1>*. Jan. 

IH. 



4. IM4 



Tr. 
Tr. 



See IV. 
See IV. 



APPENDIX. 



TABLE I. 

Promotions and Reductions. 



COMPANY A. 



NAME. 

Charles G. Edwards, 
Henry H. Cumings, 
Uicharil J. See, 
Daniel 11. Siambaugh, 
Richard J. See. 
Daniel 15. Stanabaugh, 
NornDan D Smith, 
Daniel I!. Siambaugh, 
Patten Himrod, 
Norman D. Smith. 
William H. Castle, 
Patten Himrod, 
James Grays, 
Robert Kay, 
Porter Watson, 
Nathan W. King, 
James Grays, 
Lafayette McCoy, 
Robert Kay, 
James llrown. 
John U. Jewell, 
William H. Graig. 
Isaiah J. Nessle, 
James Morris, 
Robert G. Porter, 
Joseph T Torrence, 
John V. MeCoUom, 
Joseph Applegate, 
William Phillips, 
William t;. iJavis, 
George W. Walsen, 



K.ANK. FUOM. 

Captain. July x;3 186ii 

Feb. 1.S, 186-1. 

Mar. 20, |Kfi4. 

Mar. 21.1864. 
l.st Lieut. July 23, 1862. 

Dec. 22, 1862. 

May 2.=), 1864. 
2d Lieut. July 23, 18<t2. 

Jan. I.=i, 1863. 

May 12, 1863 

Feb. 2U, 1863 
Isl Sergt. Muster in 
'• Jan. 1.=), 1863 

Feb. 18, 1864 
Sergt, Muster in. 



Not given 



Corp. Muster in. 



Not given. 



TO. 
July lU, 1863. 
Mar. 20, 1864 
SepL.20, 1864. 
Muster out. 
Dec. 22, 1862. 
Mar. 21, 1864. 
Muster out. 
Dec. 22, 1862. 
Mar. 28, 1863. 
Not mustered 
Feb. 18, 1864. 
Jan. Vn, 1863. 
Feb. 18, 1864. 
Muster out. 
Feb. 27, 1863. 
Sept. 19, 1863. 
Jan. !,=>, 1863. 
Mar. 7, ISCjS. 
Feb. 18, 1864. 
Muster out. 
Not given. 
Sept.20, 1863. 
Muster out. 
June 10, 1865. 
Muster out. 
Jan. 7, 1863. 
Nov. 21, 1864. 
Oct. 8, 1862. 
Muster out. 
May 3, 1865. 
June 28, 1863. 



ItEMAKKS. 

Pr. to Major. 
Tr. to Co. K. 
Tr. to Co. G 

Pr. to Capt.Co. K 
Pr. to Captain 

Pr. to l.st Lieut. 
Pr. 1st Lieut. CoC 

Pr.lst Lieut. Co. K 
Pr. 2d Lieut. 
Pr.lst Lieut, CoK 

Pr. loSergt-Maj. 

Killed, VI. 

Pr. to 1st Sergt. 

Died. VI. 

Pr. to 1st Sergt. 

Pr. from Corp. 

Discharcd. \'1I. 

Killed, VI. 

Pr. from Corp. 

Table V. 

I'r. from Corp. 

Discharged. VI f 

Tr. IV.. Color g'tj 

Killed, VI. 

Table V. 
Died. VI. 



COnPANY B. 



NAME. KANK. 

Ephraim Kee, Capt. 
Andrew D. IJraden, 

Andrew D. JJraden, 1st Lieut. 
Albert Dickerman, 

Ira F. Mansfield, "■ 

Henry D. Niles. 2d Lieut. 

Merritt Kmerson, " 
Jonas K. VVannamaker, 1st Sergt. 
William H Forbis, 

John G. Williams. " 

William H. Forbis, Sergt. 

Merrill Emerson. " 
Edward G. Palfreeman, " 

William Hughes. * " 

John S. vVilliams, " 

Noah J. Pound, " 

Wilson G Huliz, " 

Charles .Stewart, " 

Osman 11. Tullle, " 

James M. Dickernaan, Corp 

John IJ. Ramsdell, " 

Michael E. Hess, " 

George F. Cenier, " 

John A. Ewalt. " 



FKOM. 

Aug. 20, 1862, 
Jan. 18. 1863. 
July 19, 180-.i. 
Jan. 21, 1863. 
May 1.5, 1863. 
July 23, 1862. 
Mar. 28. 1863. 
Muster in. 
Not given. 

Muster in. 



Not given. 



TO. 

Jan. 19, 1863. 
Muster out. 
Jan 18, 1863. 
Mar. 29, 1863. 
Muster out. 
Feb. 12. 186:5. 
June 13, 1863. 
Oct. 8, 1862. 
Oct. 24, 1864. 
Muster out. 
Not given. 
Mar. 28, 1863. 
June 18, 1864. 
Oct. 23, 1863. 
Not given. 
Muster out. 



liEMAKKS. 

Died, VI. 

Pr. Captain 
Apfd Adj"nL 
Detached duty. 
Resigned, VI J. 
Died, VI. 
Killed, VI. 
Pr.lst Lieut. ColO 

Pr. to 1st Sergt. 

Pr. to 2d Lieut. 

Died. VI. 

Tr. IV. 

Pr. to 1st Sergt. 



Muster in. Oct. W, 1862. Dis. See I. VII. 
" Muster out. Color guard. 

" B"eb 27. 1863. DJs. See 1.V1I. 

Oct. 16, 1862. Dis See ], VII. 

July 8, 1863. Died. VI. 



A r/'hwmx. 



Table I Company B —Continued. 



Nerval i:. Cobb. 
DuniL-l IxMlwick. 
H'-ury i:. Kiuuiy. 
(jtroisre \V Granger, 
HirumJ. $%coii. 
Hubert Hillmao. 



I M. n. js^. Uis. Sif 1. vji 
Oct. i. IsfcJ. DU. Sec 1. Vll. 
Junc3o. It^i. Uis. See 1. VJI. 
Not >.':v«:n. Sep. U. IhSa. Dis. See 1. Vll. 
Sep.-.». 1^63. Died. Vi. 
Mu.steroui. 



.VAMK. 

Henry P. Gilbi^^rt. 
Ambr(»c C. Mason. 
Ambrose C Musou. 
James H. iSurtI, 
Fatlen lliuiroO. 
Keubeu J. Moi>5ariilt,'< 
William C. Olds, 
James H. Uurd. 
William C. Olds, 
Irvia Ituilcr, 
Irvin Kuiler. 
(. linitiQ F. Moori'. 
Citniuo F". Moore. 
Aust.Q W. Wilson, 
Jacob Turney, 
Oohn eit iiile.s. 
Jobn li. Miller. 
Koberi I). Allen, 
flinlon F. Moore. 
Kob« rl J. suwarl, 
Albert JasiaU. 
James G. Townsend. 
.Samuel Kupperl. 
Kol>ert A. Kowles. 
Ausiin Tibbiis, 
Iteujamia E^K^r. 

Charles C. Fowler. 
Lafayette SealOD, 
Kvan Lewis. 
Uenjumiu Ksipir, 



CO.nPA.NY c. 

HANK. H<' .M. TO, 1<1:MAKK«. 

Capl. July ::.t. |H«.:. Jan 17, l'>€3. Resigned. VII. 
Jan. IT. l"^ Auk -T. Ii«««. Died VI. 
!-' 1.1 July -^3. KS6;.'. Jan. 17. ls*a. I'r to Captain. 
Jan 17, iviJ. Mar. l.'. IKvl. Kesi^'ned. Vll. 
.Mar. -.:>', ls«W. July 10. l><a. Pr toCapt Co E. 
Ju:y 10, ii^ia. Nov. 3. l^«>^. I'r. loCapi. Co. L». 
.>ept.8, 1864 Muster out. 
lid Lieut. July -il, l«»iJ. Jan. 17. lh«3. Pr. to 1st Lieut. 
May 1,'. lt«J Not mustered 
Jai.. IH. Ksea. May K lt««3. Resljnietl. VU. 
1st Sergt. .Muster in. Dec. 16. l!^,*. Pr. loSer»:. Ma.. 

Dec. Is. 1S62. Muster out. 
Isi Lleul.Oct. 24. 1»64 Not mustered 
Serpt. Muster in. Oct, -M. 1»^-,'. Discharged. VII. 
" Muster out. 

" •• Color Se ret. 

Uec. 18. 18«3. Pr. from Corp. 

Not piven. " Pr. from Corp. 

Corp. Muster in. Dec. li^. l''^: Pr to 1st SerKt. 
Oct. ii. IC6:.' Discharged. Vll. 
" " Muster out. 

Mar. ;.'7, 1K63. DisiharKcd. VII. 

" Not Kiven. Muster out. Pr. from private. 

Pr. from private. 

" " •• Pr. from private. 

" Notfiven. Pr. from private. 



KEUCCKl). 

Sergt. Muster in. Not ffiven. 
Corp. 

" Not K'ven. 

CO.MPANY I). 



KANK. 



Capt. 
Major, 



NAME. 
Oeorce L. KiUcr, 
^••(■rk''' L. KIker. 
!;• • ■ n t; MorpurldKC, 

.11 CuiiiminKs. Isl I-ieul. 
- . V M LockwootI, 
r... ..r" Watson, 



lleduciHl to ranks 
Reduced to ranks. 
Reduced to ranks. 
Reduced to ranks. 



KKMAKK^. 



July •-'«. \>^1. Sep il. I,s04. Res, Sec Vll. 
Feb. IK. IftH Not mustered 



.M. 



Alonzo Chubb, 



■.M Lieui. Juiy;i4, laii;i. Oct. iv. iMxi. 



Stan 


ry I 


LoclcWiKHl, 


ItoiH 


:l N 


SI.. ..Ii 


. rd. 


K.i« 


11. 1 1 


• \. •■.::, 


_•. 


\'. 






;tras 


■si 11 


.... 






Marsli.ill A T<ac 


hout, 


J a UK 


s H 


Taylor. 




Kdw 


11 N 


Duiton 




CIlU! 


»i A 


NoLin 




ILlM 


^:^< 


Clark. 
J. ■,*. ; 




liar 


t p 


II.. . 




l>..I, 


s M .1 . ' ' 





l«iVl 



SerKt. 



Not Kiven. 
Muster In. 



sC &0 

: Co A. 

y M 

.... .~.erK' .Mai 

W P. Kes. II. 

Ill Vll 
Pr-M Lui: 
Pr. from » 



K. 



Di 



S< I 



>t glvon. 



Pr 
Pr - 

\ i I . 
Vll. 
Vll. 

IV, 

l\" 

.-SIC. VI. 

W. t»ce. 11. 
.MO. See. V. 



APPENDIX. 



Table I— Continued, Company E. 



NAME. 

Byron W. Canfiekl. 
E. Abbott Spaulding, 
Patiea Himrod, 
William R TuUle. 
Albion W Tourgee. 
E. Abbott Spauldinp, 
William H Clark, 
William H. Castle, 
William H. Forbis, 
John A. Osborn, 
Jamf.'s W. Allen, 
William H.Forbes, 
Julius A. Moffett, 
Jobn C. Hathaway. 
Julius A. Mo£fett, 
LaRoyal Taylor, 
George D. Elder, 
Edward Patchin, 
John F. Humiston, 
James A. McNaughton, 

Lester D Taylor, 
Dean U. Tucker, 
Stephen Patchin, 
Charles C Hitchcock, 
Miles J. Whitney, 
George D. Elder, 
Philo Boughton, 
Sherman Pease, 
Luman Griste, 
Oscar Duzenbury, 
Evan Richards, 
Byron A. Paase, 
John McNaughton, 
Albert Dickerman, 

James A Mowrey, 
Jonas Alshouse, 
Fernando C. Conley, 



KANK. 

Capt. 



1st Lieut. 
1st Lieut. 



1st Sergt. 



Sergt. 



Corp. 



Musician. 



Sergt. 
Corp. 



i'l'o.M. To. liE.MAUK.S. 

July -H, 186-2. Jan. 29, 1863, Resigned. VII. 
Jan. 29, 1863. Sep. 26, 186:3. Died, H. VI. 
July lU, 186;5. May 5, 186.5. Resigned, VII. 
, July 8, \m-i. Oct. 8, 1862. Pr. loCapt. Co. H 
Sept. 21, 1863. Dec. 6, 1863. See II, III, VII. 
Oct. 8, 1862. Jan. 29, 1863. Pr. to Captain. 
Mar. 2, 1863. May 1.5, 1863. Resigned, VII. 
Feb. 18, 1864. Jan. 10, 186.5. Dis. See VII. 
Oct. 24, 1864 Muster out. 
Aug. 6, 1862. Jan. 19, 1863. Resigned. VII. 
Jan. 29, 1863. Apr. 19, 1863. Tr. to Co. F. 
May 12, 1863.Not mustered 
Feb. 20, 1863. Aug. 13, 1863. Resigned. VII. 
Muster in. Jan. 11, 1863. Discharged, VIL 
Jan. II, 1863. Feb. 20, 1863. Pr. 2d Lieut. 
Feb. 20, 1863. May 16, 1883. Discharged, VIL 
May 16, 1863. Muster out. Sergeant. 
Muster in. Dec. 29, 1862. Discharged, VIL 
Not given. Muster out. Pr. from Corp. 
Sept. 1, 1864. " Pr. Corp., April 

10, 1863. 
Jan. II, 1863. June 20 1864. Pr. to Sergt. -Maj. 
Jan. 11. 1863. Muster out. Pr. from Corp. 
Apr. 17, 1863. " Pr. from Corp 

Muster in. Oct. 8, 1862. Killed, VI. 
Jan 11, 1863. Muster in To Sergeant. 

Mar. 11,1863. Discharged, VII. 

Mar. 2T, 1863. Discharged, VII. 

Musterout. Pr. from private. 

Feb 24,1864 Disehargcd, VII. 

Musterout. Pr. from private. 
" Color guard. 

Aug 4, 1864. Killed. VI. 

Musterout. Pr. from private. 
Pr. to .Serg.-Maj. 



Oct 31, 1S62. 
Dec. 31, 1862. 
Jan. II, 1863. 
Jan. ir. 1863. 
Aug. 31, 1863. 
Sept. 4, 1864. 
Aug. 21, 1862. 

KEDUCED. 

Muster in. 



Not given 



COMPANY F. 



NAME. KANK. 

.Shv^rburn H Williams, Capt. 



Alfred G Wilcox, 
Alfred G Wilco.v, 
LeverettA Barnard, 
James W. Allen. 
Lester D. Burtank, 
James W. Allen, 
Norman D Smith, 
Charles R Brown, 
David C. ISeardsley, 
tiarrison J. Fuller, 
Frederick T Cook, 
James W. Allen, 
Lathrop A. Johnson, 
Henry B Pitner, 
Michael Cooney, 
James W. Allen, 
George I. Squeir, 
Edwin R. More, 
Isaac D. L. Schram, 
Josiah King, 
David LestC'L", 
Jarius Childs, 
Ira Ely. 
Doty William, 

Dwight H. Woodard, 



1st Lieut. 



2d Lieut. 

1st Sergt. 

Sergt 



FKOM. 

Aug 1. 1862. 
Jan. 13, 1863. 
Aug. 8. 1862 
Jan. 29. 1863. 
Feb. 18, 1864. 
July 25, 1862. 
Apr 19, 1863. 
Muster in 
Aug 3, 1864. 
Muster in. 



Corp. 



C'jrp. 



Not given. 
Feb, 21, 1863. 
Aug. 3. 1863. 
Muster in, 



Not given. 
Dec. 31, 1862. 
Feb. 29, 1862 
Feb. 24, 1864. 
Jan. 5, 1864. 

KEDUCED. 

Muster in. 



TO. 

Jan 13, 1863 

Muster out. 
Jan. 13, 1863. 
Feb. 17. 1864. 
Muster out. 
Feb. 20, 1863. 
Feb. 18, 1864 
May 25, 1861 
Muster out. 
June 2, 1865 
Oct. 26, 1862. 
Muster out. 
Jan 29, 1863. 
Muster out. 



Reduced to ranks. 
Reduced to ranks. 
Reduced to ranks. 



KEMAUKS. 

ReMgncil, VII. 

Pr to Captain. 
Died, VI. 

Resigned, VII 
Pr. to 1st Lieut. 
Pr to Isi Lieut. 
Pr. from Sergt. 
Table V. 
Died, VI. 

Pr. 2d Lieut.Co.E. 
Pr. from Corp. 
Color guard 
Discharged, Vll. 
Pr. to Sergeant. 
Discharged, VII. 
Died. Vll. 



Mar. 7, 1863. 

Not given. 

Oct. 28, 1862. 

Mar 1, 1894. 

Muster out. 

Oct. 25, 1863. Died, VI. 

Muster out. 

June 18, 1864. Killed, VI. 

Muster out. 

Dec. 23, 1864. Pr. to Prin. Mas 



Not given. Reduced to ranks. 



M'I'HMtIS 



Table I Continued, Company Ci 



Ki 

Al: 






Capi. 
1st Lieut. 



Alden F. Brooks. " 

E Abbott Spauldiog. 'aI Liuut. 
Hcury AUuius, 

AlJen F. I; . '• 

Itfubeu I . ■ . •• 

Wiltr.r I . 1st Sergt. 

W 

Lau. :;iison, " 

Wlli;;iiu 11 Itr.tiuuo. Sorgt. 

itc-njainiu F. (.ushlu^,', 

Joseph GL•o^^'t•, 

Gi'orjje L. Folch. 

John K. Un-ooough. 

AUirsou W. Mills. 

Wilbur F. ThuiupsoD, " 

Chark's A Glancy, " 

Orson L. Marsh. Corp. 

Luke Norlhwuy, 

Norrls L. GoKe. " 

Orlamlot;. Clark, 

Daniel H. H. Wheaion, 

('buries \V. ISullur, 

Fayeite Hlood. 

Oscar F. Crater. 

Wilbur F Thompson, 

Kilwiu Reeves, " 

Jerry Uutt, " 

CJeorjre W. Cheney, Priv, 

William J. Ulbson, 



Wilbur F. Thompson, 1st Sergt 
Joseph H. Warner, Sergt. 

William H. llarues, Corp. 

Jerry Uuti, " 



A ()>.:. •"•, |s»v.' 

Sepl.JU, ISfJI 

July II, itys^ 

Feb. 18, 1861 

July II, \9fa. 
Oct. 8, 18tt:i. 

May 8. 1863, 
Jan. 13, \rix\ 
Muster in. 
Not given. 
Jan. 13, !.'«( 
Dee. i», l»W 
Muster in. 



Jan. 23. I>«4. 
Not given. 
Dee. JLi, INil. 
Muster in. 



KLM.^UKS. 

Auj,-. J, INJJ. Kesigud. See Vll 
Muster out. 
Sep. as. 1063. Tr.Co. E. II. III. 

VII. 
Muster out. On duty at Dcpt. 

Hd. Qrs. 
Oct. 8. 18ftJ. Pr.lsi Lieut.Co.E 
Feb.ao, 1N3. Appi. Irom Civil 

life. See VI. 
Sot mustered 

July 10, 1863. Pr. 1st Lieul.Co.C 
Not given. Kedueed. 
Jan. 13. 1863. Pr. Jd Lieut 
Sep. 8. 1861. Pr. Isl Lieut.Co C 
.Muster out. Pr.to Corp.Sergi 
Nov. JO. 186-,'. Dis. See Vll. 
June>. 1861. Dis. See VII 
Ocl.8. I8&'. Killed See VI 
Sep. 18, 1863. Dis. See VII. 
Muster out. Pr. from private 



Not given. 

Feb. 11. IS64. 
Not given. 

Muster in. 

UEDCCKD. 

Muster in. 

Not girea. 



June*M863. 
May 8, 1863. 
Feb. 18, 1863. 
Oct. 3. 1863. 
Dec. 18. 186:i. 
May 14, 1863. 
Apr. 186». 
Muster out. 
Not given. 
Muster out. 
Not given. 
Feb. 1863. 
Aug.aO. 186-'. 



Pr. from Corp. 

Dis. See Vll. 

Died. See VI 

Dis. See VII 
See VII 
See Vll. 
See VII 
See IV. 



Dis 
Dts 
Dis 
Tr. 



Pr. to Sergt. 

Retluccd. 
Pr. y M. S 
Pr. Com. Sergt. 



Not given. 



To the ranks Pr. 
Mis own reijuesl. 
To llie ranks 
To the ranks. 



COMPANY H. 



Rolxrt Wilson Captain. 

William U Tuiii.- 



John I' Harlzel 

William 11 Clark... 1st Lieut. 
John C Hartzell 

JohnC HartroU :M Lieut. 

Ini F .Maiislleld 

Ira K Maiislleld I st Sergt. 

t;e<irk'e ,M Dull 

Flori-niiiieM Simons. Sergt. 

John ,M('harg 

Abrain S .Mc«'urley.. 

John W .Neshltt 

James S Calilwell... 
C.iir^'.- .1 Smith 



ritoM. 

Aug. 9. I8ft». 
Oct. 8. 186L'. 



.Sept. 8. I8<M. 
July it. I WW. 
Jan. 13. 1863. 



Aug y. invj. 

Feb I.'. I><«;» 
Muster In 
July.T. 1863. 
Muster in. 



Not given. 



TO. 
Oct. 8, 18«2. 
Muster out. 



Muster out. 
Mar. -J. I86;t. 
Sc-p. 8. 1861. 



Jan 13. .86:1. 
Mav I.S. I8fi:t 
Feb I','. 1863. 
Muster out. 
Jan. I. 18«;<. 
.May 1. 1863. 
Muster out. 



KEMAKKS. 

Killed VI. 

Assi Pniv, Mar. 
on t«en Sher- 
man's Staff. 

Detach service. 

Tr. to Co. E. 

On detached 
service after 
Feb. 15, 1861. 
S<>e V. 

Pr to 1st Lieut. 

Pr to Isl Lieut. 

Pr to-'d Lieut. 

Pr from private. 

DiM-ha rued. VII. 

Pr. to Hos Sfd 

Pr from Corp 
Pr frtim C«irp 
I'r I.I Corp. 



APPENDIX. 



Table I — Company H — Continued 

NAME. RANK. FROM. TO. 

Horace G Ruggles.. Corporal. Muster in 
William K. Mead.... 

Manassas Miller " •' 

Andrew Geddes 

Almon Eastman 

Henry R.Meyer 

Jasori W. Silver " Not given, 

Jobn H. Uellard 

George V. Boyle 

KEDUCED 

AmosCobbs Seigt. Muster in 

Joseph Carbaugh — Corp. 

George V. Boyle " Not given. 



TO. RE.MAHK>. 

Oct 25,1862. Discharged, VII. 
Muster out. 



Nov. 13, 1863. Tr., IV. 

May 28, 1863, Discharged, VII. 

Muster out. 



Not given. 



Not given. 



His own request. 
Reduc'd to ranks 
Reduc'dto ranks 



COMPANY I. 

NAME. RANK. FROM. TO. REMARKS. 

L Dwight Kee Captain. Aug. 2, 1862. Oct. 8, 1862. Killed. See VI. 

Henry C. Sweet " Oct. 8. 1862. May 12, 1863. Dis. See VII. 

William Wallace ■■ May 12, 1863. Muster out. 

Charles A Brigden. 1st Lieut. July 23, 1862. Jan. 21, 1863. Resig'd. See VI. 

William H. Osborn. • Feb. 27, 1863. Muster out. Detached duty. 

William H Osborn 2d Lieut. July 23, 1S62. Oct. 8, 1862. Pr.lstLieut.Co.K 

AlbertDickerman.... ■ Oct. 8, 1862. Jan. 21, 1863. Pr.lslLieut.Co.B 

William Wallace... •' Jan. 21, 1863. May 12, 1863. Pr. to Captain, 

L Newton Parker. 1st Sergt. Muster in. Jan. 1, 1863, Reduced to Serg. 

William Wallace.... " Jan. I. 1863. Jan. 21, 18f)3. Pr. to 2d Lieut. 

Collins E. Bushnell . " Jan. 21. 1863. May 9, 1863. Dis. See VII. 

Harvey VV. Partridge, " May 9, 1863. Nov. II, 1863. Died. See VI. 

L Newton Parker. .. " Nov. II, 1863. Muster out. 

Albert H. Smith Sergt. Muster in. Nov. 1, 1862. Dis. See VII. 

Solomon Hall •• " Muster out. 

William Wallace.... " " Jan. 1. 1863. Pr. to 1st Sergt. 

William Enos. •' " Muster out. 

Charles B. Hayes.... " Nov. 11,1863. " Color Guard. 

Edwin A. Whitcomb, '• Nov. 1, 1862. Sep. 20, 1863. Killed. VI. 

George W. Young " Sep. 20, 1863. Muster out. Pr. from Corp. 

Alden F. Brooks Corporal. Muster in. Feb. 18, 1864. Pr.lst Lieut. Co G 

Robert N. Holcomb . • " Mar. 5, 1863. Dis. See VII. 

Robert S. Abell " " Mar. 31, 1864. Tr. See IV. 

Cyrus Crippen " " Oct. 28, 1862. Died. See VI. 

Hugh M. Boys ■' " Muster out. 

Dillen J. Turner 

Philip Reynolds " Not given. May 30, 1864. Dis. See VII. 

Orrin Cdall " '• Muster out. 

Ambrose J. Bailey.. " Nov. 11, 1863. Feb. 18, 1864. Died. See VI. 

Fred'k M. Giddings.. " Jan. 21, 1863. Apr. 21, 1863. Died. See VI. 

Horace Rawdon Musician. Aug. 9, 1862. Aug.31, 1863. Pr.to Prin.Mus. 

KEDUCED. 

L. Newton Parker. . Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. Nov. II, 1863. Pr. to 1st Sergt. 

Horace Rawdon Musician. Sep. 12,1864. Muster out. His ownrequest. 



COMPANY K. 

NAME. RANK. FROM. TO. 

Edward V. Bowers Captain. Aug. 10, 1862. Dec. 22, 1862. 

Richard J. See •■ Dec. 22, 1862. Mar. 20, 1864, 

Henry H. Cumings " Mar. 20, 1864. Muster out. 

Henry C. Sweet .... 1st Lieut. July 16, 1862. Oct. 8,1862. 

William H. Osborn.. •■ Oct. 8, 1862. Feb. 27, 1863. 

Horatio M. Smith.... " Jan. 18, 1863. Jan. 16, 1864. 

James Grays " Feb 18, 1864. Muster out. 

Leverett A. Barnard, 2d Lieut. Aug. 10, 1862. Jan. 29, 1863. 

Horatio M. Smith.... ■ Dec. 22. 1862. Jan. 18, 1863. 

Stanley B. Lockwood " Jan. 15, 1863. May 12, 1863. 



REMARKS. 

Res. See VII. 
Tr. to Co. A. 
Tr. from Co. A. 
Seen, VII. Co. I. 
Tr. to Co. I. 
Pr. Tr. See IV. 

Pr.lstLieut.Co.F 
Pr. 1st Lieut. 
Pr.lst Lieut. Co D 



APPESniX 



Table I — Company K Continued 



UANK. 

Isi Sergt. 



NAME. 

William H. Castle.. 

Geor«f L. Mason 

Nelson H. Smith Scrpt. 

Austin .\(.lams 

Cbark's H. Harris.. 
KlvtTion J. C'lapp.. 
Lysaniler P. Jurxlan. 
Clayborne A. Eddy.. 

Alanson Garv Corporal 

Alba H. Martin 

Howard S. .Sicphcus, 

Wfslev L. Jarvis 

Williain O. Smilb. . 

Julius C. Cheney 

Orrin .-\rnold 

John K. Wat reus 

AllK-rt H. Kinney — 
Horatio M.Smith . Private. 



Andrew Perkins Corporal. 



FKUM. TO. 

Muster in. Feb. 30, 1863. 
Feb. •JO. 1863. Muster out. 
Muster in. 

Oct. M. 1862. 

Nov. UM. 1863. 
Not given. Mu!>tcrout. 



KEMAKKS. 

Pr. :;d Lieut.Co.A 
Pr. from Sergt. 

Dis. See. VII. 
Dis. See. VII. 
Pr. from Corp. 
Pr. from private. 
»is. See. VI 
Dis. See. VI 1. 
Dis. See. VII. 
Died. See. VI. 

Detachetl. See V 
Pr. D. See. VI. 
Pr. I). See. VI. 
Pr. Color guard. 

Muster in. Aug. 28. 1862. Pr. to Q. M. S. 
KKDli KIJ. 

Muster in. Not given. KeducctI to ranks 



Muster in. 



Not given. 



May \h. 18S>. 
Oct. 13. 186-.'. 
Nov. IK. 1863. 
(X-t. 5. 18W. 
Muster out. 

Sep. 17, 1863. 
(X-t. ly. INW. 
Muster out. 



APPEND IK. 



TABLE II. 

Wounded. 



COnPANY A. 

Charles G.Edwards C^pUun- Oct. 8,186,. 

KicbardJ.See.^....;^^. i5 Lieut Sen. 120, 1863. 

Daniel B. Stambaugh rPj^'f "' oX 8 1862. 

James Grays ^^rgi. 

Lafayette McGoy ,. Nov.25, 1S63. 

James Brown ., ^q„ 20, 1883. 

IsaiaU J. Nessle Pomoral Oct. 8, 1862. 

Joseph T. Torrence Lorporai. wi. 

John F. MK'ollom ,. ^ oq, i863. 

JohaF. McCoUom .. q^^ 8,1862. 

William Phillips .. g gg i863. 

William Phillips ._ ^ .. ' 

William G. Davis p^vate Oct. 8,1862. 

Uailey, Henry B Ptivaic. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ 

Bailey, Henry B .. ggp ^q, 1863. 

Bovle, John A. .. .> 

Burns, Michael .. Nov. 25, 1863. 

Cowley, Hugh .. Qct. 8, 1863. 

Conklin, George 

Fielding, Charles 

Flecker, John .. u 

Hanity, John J...;.- 

Heiliger, Frederick 

Hulburt, Frank... .. j^^,^, o^ 1864. 

Houston, Richard ,. q^.^ 8,1862. 

James, Frederick 

Miles, John ■■• .. Sep. 20, 1863. 

McFall, Simon P .. q^.^^ 8, 1862. 

Rees, Richard ,. u 

Tyrrell, Thomas 

Wetherstay, Henry ,, Sep. 19. 1863. 

Wetherstay, Henry .. q^^ g^ 1^62. 

Walser. George VV ^ u 

Williams, Clytus^..... ., j^j^„_ 1864. 

Whetstone, David G 



UEMAKKS. 

Perryvillo, three times 
Perryville. Ky. 
Chickamauga. Ga. 
Perrvville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky 
Mission Ridge, Tenii. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Chickamauga, Ga. 

Perryville. Ky. 

Chickamauga. Ga. 

Chickamauga. Ga. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Kenesaw Ml., Ga. 

Chickamauga. SeeV-. 

Chickamauga, Ga. 

Mission Ridge. Tenn. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perrvville, Ky. 

Kenesaw Mt. See VI. 

Perryville, Ky. 

Perryville. Ky. 

Chickamauga, Ga. 
Perryville. Ky.. twice, 
Perrvville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga. See VI. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Kenesaw Mt., Ga. 



COMPANY B. 

TCANTF HANK. WHEN. 

NAME. Igg., 

William Hughes sei^i- Sep. 20, 1863. 

Noah J. Pound 

Charles Stewart pnrnnral 

Sir /.«""V.V. ■.■:•■ ■- rrtvSe.'- Oct. ,B.,8e.. 

Bell, Edward M .. Sep. 20, 1863. 

Caldwell, Calvin .. q^.^ 8,1862. 

Grim, Albert 

Grim, Ephrairi. •••••■ 

Hathaway, James W.... _ Sept. 1, 1864. 

Kelly, Hugh K^ .. ^y^. ,5,1864. 

Lewis, Edwin p .. q^.^ 8,1862. 

Landon, John J 

Mahannah, Harvey 

Murphy, John A ,, g^p 20,1863. 

Murphy, John A ^. -^^^ 24, 1865. 

Rush. Daniel .. Sep. 20. 1863. 

Sha fer, Charles .^ q^^ 8, 1862. 

Ta£t, Samuel K 



REMARKS. 

Munfordville, Ky. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Chickamauga. See VI. 
Perryville, Ky., twice. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga. bee \ i. 
Perryville. Ky. Sec \ I 
Perrvville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Jonesboro, Ga. See v i. 
Near Atlanta. Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga. Ga. 
Goldsboro. N.C. SeeV I 
Chickamauga. Ga. 
Perryville. See \ I- 



AJ'J'KXDIX 



Table II — Continued, Company C. 



NAME. KANK. 

John H Miller Corporal. 

KoUn J. Stewart 

Jaiiit •• <;. Townneiul 

Liir.iVt-lle Sealoii 

Ciiari.s K. Miller WajfODcr. 

I»uM-. William K I'rivale. 

iHjUovan. Jatlie". 
Ihivis. MoTKUii W 
KtlwartI-.. John F 
Kvans. Wlllium. . 

Krazler. Isaac 

HiiiUKis. Keuben H 

H'ii.s Jo^e|)h 

lv<l iiy . La w rente 

Lewis. Caleb 

Miller, I^-muel U 

Moser. Philip H 

Powers. John 

Price. Lemuel 

Quit-'ley. Thomas 

Shook. Cornelius 

Townseml. Charles W.. 

Vally. Adolphus 

Wambuuxh, John 



i<KMAKKS. 



Oct. 


» 


isei 


PerryviUe. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
PerryviUe, Ky. 
Perryville. Ky.. twice 
Perrvville, Ky., twice 
Perryville. See VI. 
Perryville. Ky. 
PurryviUe. Ky. 
Perrvville. Ky. 


June 


3 


!WM. 


Pumpkiuvlne Creik 
Ga. See VL 


Oct. 


8. 


18ft.'. 


Perryville, Ky. 
Perrvville. Ky. 


Mar. 


•M. 


inn. 


Mi Hon. Term. 


Au»,'. 


'.«, 


IK64. 


Atlanta. Ga. See VI. 


t>cl. 


H. 


IWJ. 


Perrvville. Kv. 
Perrvville. Kv. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perrvville. Ky. 


Mar. 


•JJ. 


I8««. 


Milton. Tenn. 


Oct, 


8. 


186S. 


Perryville. Ky. 
Perrvville, Kv. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 



Two were wounde<l Jutie U, 1 Mi, and two Au^'ust 
have been fork'Ollen. 



l!»*l, whose name!« 



COnPANY I). 



.NAMK. UA.NK. 

Geonrc L. Rikcr Capiain. 

(ieor^'o L. Kiker 

A'lOii/o Chubb 2d Lieut 

Aiiiii/o Chubb. 

siiiir.'vv M I.,oi'kwood... 1st .Sertfl. 
So onion I). Williams. . .senrt. 
Marshall .\ Teachoul. 

Harvey K (.'lurk Cor|)oral 

Kraiuis M Jutid 

»i< HI V F Cantleld . 

M . h.K-l Ward. W;i..'..n<.r 

Ark.. V. Amiel J I' 

li.iKi r. Kdv\lnN. 

U.a,i> Iv. Harlow 

hi.x.Us. Samuel 

( h>>iiev. Satnuel P 

Liw is. Georve E 

.Mc\Uly. Joseph 

Martin, John 

Nash. Harrison 

I'l loll. Watsou ... 
I' • 1. 1-. t;eorKe K. . 

f .1. ■ . Im 

!'"■ • - Samuel J . . 

1 ' ■ ' v. Lucius A 
!; ■ ! . !. WaH.T 



Oct. 8. 

July •>. 

Oct. 8, 

.Sep. 19, 

Oct. 8, 

Sep. 10. 

IV-I. 8. 

Sep. lit. 
.Mar. 3, 

Oct. 8. 

Sep. 19. 

Mar. IS, 

<»Ct. 8, 



IWU. 
1854. 
186J. 
1863. 
I8«L'. 

I8«n. 
1 8*!. 

I8«a. 
I(«» 
INfc.' 

1863. 
1845. 
18ft;. 



Sep. 20, mVt. 
June 22. 18«M. 
(Vt K. isft.' 
Julv 2.S. ls«VI. 
June •:«. isrt:« 
.N'ov 2.S. iwa. 



KKMAK^s. 

Perryville. Ky. 
AtluDta. Ga. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Chickamaufra. Ga. 
Perryville. Kv. 
Perryville. .-see VI. 
Chickamautru. Ga. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky.. twic 
Cblckamautra. Ga. 
Lynch's Creek. S. C. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Chlckamautra. (•&. 
FayelU'vllle. N C. 
Perryville. Ky 
Perryville. 
Perryville. 
Perryville 
Perrvville. 
Perrvville. 
Perrvville. 
Perryville. 
Perrvville. 
Perryville. 
Perrvville 
Perrvville. 



See V 



Ky 
Ky. 

See VI 

Ky. 

Kv. 

See VI 
Ky. 
Ky.. iwio 

.See VI 

See \' 1 1 1 
Ky 



II 



Chlckaniaut.ik. tin 
Kenesaw Mt Gtt.. twice 
Perryville. Ky. 
.\tlantu. liu 
no»i\«'r's tJup. Tenn. 
.Mission RidKcTV-nn. 



APPENDIX. 



Table II— Continued, Company E. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS. 

Byron W. Canfield Captain. Oct. 8.1862. Perry ville. Ky. 

E.Abbott Spaulding,... " Sep. 20, 18(53. Chickamauga. See VI. 

Edward Patchin Sergt. Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Luman T. Griste Corporal, Sep 19,1863. Chickamauga. Ga. 

John McNaughton • Nov, 25, 1863. Mission Ridge, Tenn, 

Ayers,Josiah Private, Oct. 8,1862 Perryville. See VI. 

Alberts, Washington. . . " '• Perryville, Ky. 

Button, Justin ■• ■ Perryville, Ky. 

Case, Gideon •• Perryville, Ky. 

Humiston, John F. . . . " •• Perryville, Ky. 

Hilt, Oliver •' •• Perryville, Ky. 

Ha.vden, Eugene " •• Perryville, Ky. 

Jones, Delavan •' •• Perryville, Ky. 

Knox, Dexter •' •■ Perryville. See VI. 

King, Eleazar A •■ June 18, 1864. Kenesaw Mt.,Ga. 

Ladow, Sylvester •• Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Ladow, Sylvester ■• June 18, 1864. Kenesaw Mt..Ga. 

Latimer, OlneyP ■• Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Latimer, Olney P ■• Sep. 1,1864. Jonesboro, Ga. 

Langston, Henry " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Ladow, Henry •• • Perryville, Ky. 

Phillips, Robert •• " Perryville, Ky. 

Russell. Elmer ■• June 25, 1863. Hoover's Gap, Tenn. 

Smith, Nathan M •■ Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Stocking. John K •• " Perryville, Ky., twice. 

Slocking. Charles H '■ ■■ Perryville, Ky. 

Tucker. John T '• •' Perryville. See VI. 

Townslev, Philetus '• " Perryville, Ky. 

Webb. Sylvester •■ Nov. 29, 1862. Munfordville. Ky . 

Watrous, Samuel N.... •• Oct. 8,1862, Perryville, Ky. 

Webb, Ezra '• " Perryville, Ky, 



COMPANY F. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Harrison J. Fuller Sergt. Oct. 8,1862. 

David C. Beardsley •• Nov. 25, 1863. 

Josiah King Corporal. Sep. 19, 1863. 

James W. Allen - Oct. 8,1862, 

Dwight H. Woodard . . . . 

David Lester •• June 18, 1864. 

Auxer, JohnH Private. Oct. 8,1862. 

Auxer, JohnH " Sep. 20, 1863. 

Barlass, Robert B •• Sep. 19, 1863. 

Brewster, Oliver R •• Oct. 8,1862. 

Crawford, Emery 

Crawford, Emery •■ Sep. 19, 1863. 

Clark, Nathan T - Oct. 8,1862. 

Caley, Charles 

Dimmick, Orlando '• Sep. 20, 1863. 

Downing, John D " Sep. 19,1863. 

Ely, Ira •' Nov. 25, 1863. 

Kelsev, Arthur • June 18, 18&4. 

McClihtock, Charles W. • Oct. 8,1862. 

Martin, George 

McElwain, Edwin W... 

Marsh, Henry 

Nevvcomb, Selah W " '• 

Odell, David W •' Nov. 25, 1863. 

Phillips, Albert •• Oct. 8,1862. 

Radcliffe, Charles 

Randall, James G 

Richmond, William 

Waller, Harrison 



REMARKS, 

Perryville. See VI. 
Mission Ridge, Tenn. 
Chickamauga. See VI. 
Perryville, Ky., twice. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Chickamauga. See VI. 
Perryville. See VI. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Chickamauga. Ga. 
Mission Ridge. Tenn. 
Kenesaw Mt. . Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. See VI 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville. See VI. 
Mission Ridge, Tenn. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky., twice 
Perryville. See VI. 



COMPANY a. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Albion W. Tourgee 1st Lieut. Oct. 8,1862. 

E. Abbott Spaulding ... 2d Lieut. 



REMARKS. 

Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville. See II. 



xxxvlil 



APPENDIX. 



Table il— Company Q— Continued. 



NAME. RANK. 

William B. Braman Senfi 

Benjucuin K CusUiux . 

Norri". L. Gajie Corporal 

Dauiel H. H. Whiaion . 

liakilwiri Franklin Privat'j 

llarki-r. KUmond J 

('hri'.iie. Jame?> T . . 
CV)wle«.. Edwin H 
Compion. John 1 > 



Felch. Fr;i;. 
Fuller. <;• 
Uanl. Wll. , 
IJoultl. IhlllK 1 ( 
Oalbrailh. Elbert IV 
Olddlnfe's. Francis W 
Ht-'ath. Acloniram J. ... 

Kennv. Snel 

Lolxlill. Diulley 

McCrcarv. HarrKun . . . 

.Sioll, Hitirv C 

.Smitb. JtTome L 

.Swet-t. .Jt'>.>.L' .M 

Waicrman. William A. 

Waterman. Adna 

WMpple, Perry M 



WHEN. 
Oft. 8. I(<e2. 
.»iep. 30. 1863. 
Oct. 8. 186i. 



.\iltf lu. If<i4 
July "i;. 18A4. 

Nov. OS. I«63 
.Mav 13. I»'M. 
Oct. 8. I86J. 



Nov. 29. IW3. 
Ot-l. 8. 186:.'. 



Aug. 
Oct. 



5. \9M. 

8. \mi. 



REMARKS. 

Perryville. Ky. See\'l 
Cbk-kamau^a. Ga. 
Perryville. Ky.. twice. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perry\ille. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Atlanta. Ga. 
Peach-tree Creek. Ga. 

See VI. 
Mission RidKe. See VI 
Uesaca. .See VI. 
Perryville. Ky. See\'I 
Perryville. Ky. Si-. \I 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Mission Kidjfe. Tenii. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. Ky.. twice. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville, Kv. 
Perryville. See VI. 
Atlanta. Ga. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. .See\'l 
Perryville. Ky. 



COnPANY H. 



NA.ME. RANK 

Ira F. ManstlelU Isi Sergl. 

Florentine M. Simon. .. .Senit. 
Abram S. McCurley — 

John W.Nesbit 

Manassas Miller Corporal. 

And re w Gt-Udes 

Maker. William H Private. 

lln-nainan. Constantlne. 

Entfle Ziniri 

En({le,Zimrl 

Homstinc. Uacillu " 

Hunt. .Vlfred 

Ink'linK'. William I) 

Kirk. Koljerl A 

Klrkbride. Asber 

Kirkbride. James 

Miller. Addison 

Myers. Jonathan 

Nay lor, William H. 
Weldy, Moses 



WHKN 

Oct. 8. 186:;. 



June 18. 18^1. 



Oct. 8. 18<K. 
May H, IHAl. 
Oct. H, 18*.'. 
June H. 1864. 
Oct. 8. 186:;. 



Nov. ». 1883. 
Oct. 8. 186:;. 



Auk'. 



1864. 



UE.MARKS. 

Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville. Kv. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Kenesaw Ml . Ga 
Kenesaw Mt.. Ga 
Kenesaw Mt.. <.!a. 
Perryville. See \'\. 
Resaca. Ga. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Kenesaw Mt.Ga. 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville, Kv. 
Perryville. See VI 
Perryville. Ky. 
Mission RidK'e. See VI 
Perryville. Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville. Kv. 
Perryville .See VI. 
Atlanta, (ia. 



COnPANN I. 



NAME. RANK. WIIKN 

Charles H. Brlgden .... Isi Lieut. Ck-i. s. \mi. 

L. Newton Parker 1st .Sergl. 

Harv.v W. PartrldKc.. Sep. 20. 1863. 

William Knos Serift. Oct. 8. I86i 

Aldcn F. Hnxjks Coriioral. 

Huk'h M. Hoys Sop. 20.1863. 

KolM-rt N. HolcoMib tVt. 8. I86J. 

Dill, n J. Turner 

Philip KeVUDlds . .Sep. m, 1863. 

Aiiil»rose J. Hall.v " Nov. "3. 1863. 

Anilrtws Klni.r h Private. CX-t. 8.186.' 

Butler. Frank A ... Auk 'Jti. 1mV|, 

('Oliver. Georu''- K l><i' ^hi. |s»t:. 

Crcl'ghton, William Oct .-.is*;. 



REMARKS. 

Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
ChickamuuK'a. Sei- VI. 
Perrvville, Kv. 
Perryville. Ky. 
(^hickainauKa. Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Prrr\\i"i- Kv, 
CI .1 Ga 

y> . See VI. 

1'. -.e VI 

N.-.ir .\!.;ii.ta. Ga. 
Near (ilascow. Kv 
Perryville. .See\I. 



APPENDIX. 



Table II — Company I— Continued. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS. 

Delano, Horace Private. '• Perry ville, Ky. 

Frisby, Augustus B " '■ Perryville, Ky. 

UideliQgs. Frederick M. '• '• Perryville, Ky. 

Hake, Samuel " Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga, Ga. 

Hazletine, John G " '• Chickamauga, Ga. 

Haiae, William J " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Knight, Hiram T " Sep. 19,1863. Chickamauga. See VI 

Lyman, John W '• Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Lvman, George W '• '• Perryville, Ky. 

Morris, Thomas G '• '• Perryville. Ky. 

Morse, Marvin ■• Aug. 4,1864. Atlanta, Ga. 

Perry, Worthy ■ Oct. 8.1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Perkins, Lucius " Aug. 13, 1864. Altanta, Ga. 

Rowe.AlbertG " June 14, 1864. Kenesaw Mt. See VI. 

Sealy.EsauA •" Nov. 25, 1863. Mission Ridge. Tenu. 

Sealy.EsauA '• Aug. 3,1864. Atlanta. See VL 

Talcott, Whitman B.... " Oct. 8.1862. Perryville. See VL 

Trlloff, William F " Feb. 18,1865. Broad River. S.C. 

Whitcomb, EdwinA.... " Oct. 8,1862. Perryville, Ky. 

Webb, Darwin '• " Perryville, Ky. 



COMPANY K. 



NAME. RANK. 

Clayborne A. Eddy Sergt. 

William O. Smith Corporal. 

Orrin Arnold 

Babcock. Benjamin N . . Private. 

Bate s, Charles F 

Burlingame, Edwin R.. " 

Barnard, Francis N " 

Bigelow, William E — 

Early, Elbridge F 

Hicock, Clay 

Hanna, Lyman P 

Hutchinson, Stephen J. 

Jenkins, Aaron 

Webb, Andrew W 

Williams, Joel " 

Wright, William W . . . . 



WHEN. 
Apr. 16, 1865. 

Oct. 8, 1862. 
Sep. 19, 1863. 
Sep. 23, 1863. 
Oct. 8, 1862. 



June 18. 1864. 
Oct. 8, 1862. 



Nov. 25, 1863. 
Oct. 8, 1862. 



REMARKS. 

Near Holly Springs. 

N. C. See VL 
Perryville, Ky. 
Chickamauga. See VI. 
Chickamauga, Ga. 
Perryville. See VI. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Kenesaw Mt.,Ga. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 
Mission Ridge, Tenn 
Perryville, Ki'- 
Perryville. See VI 
Perryville, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. 



xl 



APPENDIX. 



TABLE III. 

Captured. 



COnPANV A 

NAMi:. KANK. WHKN. 

Robert C. Porter Sergl. Jan. 21. 1863. 

Barr, Alexander Private. 

Bowen. TbomaN '• " 

Bojlf.JohnA ■■ " 

Coulter. James C " 

Cowley. Hugh 

Kdmonds, David " " 

Fair, Kmauuel 

FoHier. John C " " 

Hulburi, Frank 

Harber. Aurou " " 

Hellitfen. Frederick '• Sep.*». 1863. 

Kyle. Wesley " Jan. il.iwa. 

Morris. Isaac " .Sep. -•0. 1H6:1. 

Malcomson. Juine<« " Jan. 21. 1W53. 

Kup. Kfuben B 

Rcnn. John \V '• 

Smith. Benjamin •• Sep. 20. 1863. 

Sparrow. Kmtnon.s 

SiambttUK'h. John K • Jan. 21. 1863. 

Stewart. John Allen 

Stewart, Samuel M 



REMARKS. 

Near Murfree>boro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesiboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near .Murfreehboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. P»roie<l. 

See VI 11. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroleu. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

See VIII. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Cbic-UumauK^- KxcbaajJed. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Cbickamau».'a. Died, ."^ee \ I. 
Near Murfreesboro. ParuUil. 
Near Murfreesboro. I'aron*d. 
Near Murfreesboro. I'aroleil. 
Chickamaufira. Died. .See \'I. 
ChieUamau».'a. See N'lll. 
Near Murfreesboro. I'aroled. 
Near .Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near MurfreeslKiro. Paroletl. 



COnPANY B. 



NAMK. KA.NK. 

Beebe. Henry I. Private. 

Colton, Francis 

Crawford. James A 

Hart. Adelborl 

Hart. Adelbcri 

HadRell. Edwin 

Kelly. Hu^'b K 

Mayer, Williaiu 

M:is.jn.Cbarl. s H 

Phillips, Dwit;ni H 

Preiuice. Allxrt D 

Kush. Daniel 

Shafer. Jacob. 
Shuft-r. Charles 

Smith. John 

ITlrnh. Martin W 
Wildman. John I 
Welsh. William ' 



WHEN. UEMAHKS. 

Oct. K. 1862. Perryville. Paroled. See VIIl 
Sep. tio. 18»Sl. Cbickamuuga. Kscaped from 
.^lulersonville. 

Chiekamau^'a. Excban^'e<'. 
D. See VI. 
.Ian. v:i. iva. Near Murfreesboro. Paroleii. 
>ep. "JO. 1863. Cbickamauga. E.\cban»:eil. 

D. See VI. 
.hm. 21. 1^63. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near .Murfreesboro. Pari'ltnl. 

Near Murf reeslHiro. K>ia|>e«l 

Near Murfreesboro. KsiajH'd 
-••p. ill. 1863. CbickaiuauKa. Ua. See \ III. 
.i.in. 21, 1*63. Near .MurfreeslH.ro. 

Near Murfreeslxiro. 

Near Murf rei'sl«)ri>. 

Nt ar .Murf ri<-v),(,-(. 

Near .Nlu' • • - 

Near Mu 

Near .Mi. 
•~' p. 2ti, 18*33, Chickamiiu.M. i':. .i 



Par..l«il. 
Parcletl. 
Paroled. 

P:in;.-(l. 



\ 1. 



COMPANY C. 



NAMi:. KANK. 

Bartholomew. KraHtuiuPrivitc. 

Jones, Wllllum _ 

Lewis. Wi:ltum 



WIIKN. UKMAKKs. 

Rep. 2<i. ls»a. Chickamauca. Died. S.h-VI 

Jan. 2l,186:i Near Murfre«-sN>r<>. I'nml.d" 

Near Murfreesboro. Pan>:ttr 



APPENDIX. 



xli 



Table III — Company C— Continued. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Mackey, John M Private Jan. 21, 1863 

McLain, Richard H • •' 

McKenzie, James R 

Miller, Charles E Wagoner. " 

Osborn, Alfred Private. " 

Powers, Wilson S " " 

Rosser. John P " " 

Robinson, Thomas ■' " 

Rees, William R ■ " 

Roberts, John •• " 

Sutton. Samuel •■ " 

Shealon. David J •' . " 

Seachrist, Isaiah " " 

Stewart, Nelson O " 



REMARKS. 

Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 

See VIII. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 

See VIII. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 



Escaped 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 

Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 

Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 



COnPANY D. 



NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Alonzo Chubb 2d Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. 

Marshall A. Teaehout.... Corporal. " 

Brooks, Samuel Private. '• 

Belden, Francis E " Sep. 20, 1863. 

Giddings, Anson E " Jan. 21,1863. 

Grover. Alonzo " 

Hall, Henry " " 

Jackson. Stewart D " " 

Morse. Bliss " " 

Sill, Joshua H " " 



REMARKS. 

Near Murfreesboro. 
changed May 8, 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Chickamauga. D. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 
Near Murfreesboro. 



Ex- 
1863. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
See VI. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 
Paroled. 



COnPANY E. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Byron W. Cantield Captain Jan. 21, 1863. 

Albert A. Champlin Wagoner. '• 

Bridgeman, Ansel O Private. 

Dayton, William '• Sep. 19, 1863. 

Eggleston, Wellington.. '■ Feb. 1, 1865. 

Hayes, Ellsha W • Jan. 21, 1863. 

Hill, Almon •' " 

Mowrey, James A • Sep. 20, 1863. 

McFarland, McKeudrie. • Jan. 21,1863. 

Pt}j,se, Byron A 

Potter, Edward •• " 

Reed, Daniel J " " 

Strickland, Walter " " 

Stillwell, William 

Watts, Alonzo S 



REMARKS. 

Near Murfreesboro. Ex- 
changed May 8, 1863. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Chickamauga. D. See VI. 

Sister's Ferry, Ga. Paroled. 
See V. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Chickamauga. Exchanged. 

Near Murfreesboro. Escaped. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro. Escaped. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro, Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro, Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro. Escaped. 



COnPANY F. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Charles R Brown Sergt. Sep. 20, 1863. 

Josiah King Corporal. Sep. 19, 1863. 

Burnett, Isaac Private. Jan. 21, 1863. 

Burnett Isaac Mar. 19, 1863. 

Barnes, James " Jan. 21, 1863. 

Caley, Charles ■' " 



REMARKS. 

Chickamauga. Escaped from 
rebel prison, Danville, Va 

Chickamauga. Died. See VI. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Milton, Tenn. Ex- 
changed. D. See VI. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 



APPEyDIX. 



SAME. 

Clark. Xaihun T 

Craw'orJ i::n. !■ 

Da'. 

Dili. 

L>o<> 

LKjwiiiii^-. J-;,;. I 

Ely. Ira 

Green. HDruc- 

Un-. 

Ktl 

Mm- 1- 

Martin, Georg 

Pav: 
Sch 

Wo. 



Table 111 Coinpans 1 

it.iNK. WHtN. 



Continued 



RKMARKS. 

Near MurTrcoUjro. Paroled. 
Ne.ir Mtirfr. . -!<ro. Paroled. 
N'. ' Paroled. 

'• N Paioled. 

N. I',>r..:.i1. 

N- 
N 
N. 
N- 
'• N 

S»-p. 19. 1863. Ci. 

.-..•._ \UI 
Cbk-kamaiu.'a.Ga. Died. See 
VI, 
Jan. 21, 1H<53. N. 
N 
St-p. K'. ISfjS. C'!. 



COnPA.NV Ci. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Albion \V. Tourk'ee l.si Lieut. Jan. 21.1883. Xear >: Tenn. 

Orson L. Marsh Corporal. '• N. • : 

Abbott. Solon M Private. Oct. 8. 1^tt.^ I' .:; 

Benjamin Lavistne J " Jan. 21. 1883. N' 

!•:; ;il. 

Baldwin. Franklin '• " Near -M Paroletl. 

Chapln. Stephen W " •' N.ar >: r,!.V-.I 

Coinpion. John D " •' N' 

Cook. Luke ■' " .%'■ 

iK'vor. William P - Sep. 4. 1862. N^ 

.«--•.• \U1. 

£:\ton. Irwin " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Jones, James L "' " Ni:ir M .ifn ■^l.-im. Paroletl. 

Jones. James L •* Sep. 20, 18«a. ( :. I». SeeVl 

Parker. Seth •' Jan. 21. 1863. N Paroled 

Koo<l. Orville A " •• N^ Paroled. 

Spencer. John C •' " Nta: .M Paroled. 

Stoll, Henry C " Feb. 1. 1S6S. Near s Ga. 

Par - \ . 

COMPANY H. 

NAME. HANK WHEN. .^-^ 

William K. Mead... „ Corp. Jan. 21,1883. Near .N! Paroled. 

Ja.son W. Silver •' •' Near M Paroled. 

Kllln».'er. John F Private. N- "' r.' ■ 

(Jrossnian. Jnhn „... '• " N. 

Hartzell. Joshua " '■ N' i 

Harrison. Jeremiah " N' i'.ir...ii 

Haves. David " N Pamled. 

Huiton. Htnrv Oct. 8. 18«2. 1'. . See \ 111 

Kirkbrlde. James •' i' r" T^vJ. Ni ir m Paroled. 

Klria»ride. .\sher. NearM I'aniUd. 

KaiM'r. Frank Near .M Paroled. 

Middlelon. Willi im II Near .M Paroled. 

Navlor, James It Near .M Paroled. 

Owen. KM J Near .M Paroled. 

Park. James Near .M Paroletl. 

Price. (Uiarle- 1' - NearM Paroletl. 

Kaiit>. *^:invi>'! K " Near .M Paroled. 

Kuii. . " Near .n; ■ Parol) d. 

.Sii- ■• Near .M I'uroled. 

Sh . •* Near M Pi(r..l.-<l. 

.Spm.-r. I .. ..•/. .i " Near.M 1'. '•■! 

.Slut ler. Jesse . " " Near.M 

Van Norden.rhurl- •. A.. " " Near.M 

Wire. .Samuel " " Near Miirin . -tx.i.i r.ir..i<ii. 

Weldy, Mo!»cs " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 



APPENDIX. 



xliii 



Table III — Continued, Company I. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS. 

Dillen J. Turner Corp. Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. Paroled. SeeV 

Philip Reynolds " Sep, 19, 1863. Chickamauga. Paroled. See II 

Joseph B. Asnley Wagon'r. Jan. 21,1863. Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 

Harrison, Manuel J Private. Sep. 20, 1863. Chickamauga. D. See VI. 

Harrison, Salathiel '• " Chickamauga. Paroled. SeeV 

Hake, Samuel " ■' Chickamauga. Paroled. See II 

Jones, Roderick M " Sep. 2. 1862. Lexington, Ky. Paroled. 

Jones, Roderick M " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 

Joslin, Benjamin " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Kellogg, John " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Kelly, Edgar A '■ " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Knowlton, Newton " '• Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 

Lvman. George W ■• '• Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Morse, Marvin " Sep. 2, 1862. Lexington, Ky. Paroled. 

Morse, Marvin " Jan. 21, 1863. Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Morris, Thomas S " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Northway, Henry D " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Perkins, Lucius " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Rowe, Alberto " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 

Steele. Calvin F " " Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 

Smith, Cyrus T " " Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 



COnPANY K. 



NAME. RANK. WHEN. 

Alderman, Ellsworth A..Private. Jan. 21,1863. 

Alderman, Cassius M.... "■ 

Bigelow, William E " 

Darrow. Alfred " 

Eddy, Clayborne A " 

Gary, David " •' 

Hutchinson, Arthur G... " "' 

Hutchinson, David " " 

Hines, Isaac 

Hines, Isaac - Sep. 19, 1863. 

Jenkins, Aaron " Jan. 21,1863. 

King, Amos H " Mar. 1,1865. 

Pratt, Charles " Jan. 21, 1863. 

Slater. Albert A 

Seymour. Geoi'ge " " 

Warren, Francis " " 

Williams, Joel " Oct. 8, 1862. 



REMARKS. 

Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro, Tenn. 
Paroled. D. See VI. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Chickamauga, Ga. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Lancaster, S. C. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Escaped 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Near Murfreesboro. Paroled. 
Perryville, Ky. Exchanged. 



APPENDIX. 



TABLE IV. 

Transferred. 

V. R. C— Veteran Reserve Corps. 

V. A'. K- \'it'r;m Volunteer Engineers. 

COnPANY A. 

NA.Me. HANK. WHEN. KEMAKKS. 

John F. McCoUom Corporal. Nov. 21. \mi. To V. R. C. IMs. Dec. 5. 1864. 

forUtsubllity. 
Charles C. Stover Musician. June 1. 1W5. To Co. B 3«th O.V.I. • Julv 

12. I8«>. 
Baker, Geonfe Private. •• To Co. B 38th O. V. I. • 

Julv 12. I8«i. 
Bailey. William • " To Co. F :»<thO.V. I. • July 

12. IHAS 
Christy, James ■ To Co. K :»th O.V. I. • July 

12. IH6.V 
Cook. Dugald July 20, 1863. To Co. K 1 si Reirt. V. V. E. 

• June 24 IjyB. 
Foster, John C Julv 27. 18«3. To Co. 1 Hih HeK'i. V. R. C. • 

July I. IsdS. 
Harber. Aaron Jan. 9. 18&V To Co. F Tth Kept. V. R. C. • 

June 2«<. IWK. 
Helliger. Oscar C. F June 1.1865. To Co. K :t*th O.V. I. • July 

12. IMdV 
Herringlon, Frederick.. • To Co. .\ 3Kth O.V. I. 'June 

W. 1S6S. 
Hotham. Leonard K - " To Co. A .T«th (i. V. I. • July 

12. IWB. 
Hovard, ?:dward L " •• To Co. K 3«th O.V. I. • Julv 

12. 18«>. 

Jones. William L '• " To Co. .\ Sxth O. V. I. 

Kaine, Anthony '• To Co. K axth O. V. I. • Julv 

12. I8«>. 

Kelly Stephen T Feb. l.S. 1864. ToV. R.C. 

McCambridge, Patrick . June 1,1865. To Co. K .>ihO.V. I. -July 

12. IH6S 
McKlbben, Robert Oct. 9,1863. To 4M Co. 2d Battalion V. R. 

C. • June 29 18®. 
Maleomson, James Dec. 28, 1864. To Co. H .Sth Ut-ifi. V. R. C. 

• Julv ,"> IWvS 
Oltonal. John June 1.1865. To Co. K .*Hh O. V. I. • Julv 

12. 18«> 

Patterson. James •■ To Co. D asth O. V. I. 

Porter. Lewi* Feb. 7,1865. To Co. A I.Sth Ke»ft. V. R. C. 

• Julv -i".' I>«6.V 

Reed, EMS June 1,1865. To Co. K .tnth O V. I. • Julv 

12. 1H»V. 
Rowc. James *• To Co. K 3Hth O.V. I. 'July 

12. IHrtS. 
Russell, Elijah B " To Co. K 3Kth O V T • Julv 

12. 1H65. 

.Smith, Daniel A Sep. 12. 1863. To V. R C. 

Stumbaugh. Samuel N June 1.1865. To Co. F SKlh O. V. I • Julv 

12. 1865 

Sleln. Jacob Mar. 17. 1864. To V. R C 

Stvwart. JamcH June 1,1865. To Co K .>ih <> V. I. • Julv 

12. 1H6,S. 
Stewart .John AlezBDd'r July 29. I««S. To Co B 1st Regt. V.V. E. • 

S.p 26. 1865 
Stewart. John Allen •• M;»r II. IS64. To V. R. C. 



APPENDIX. 



xlv 



Table IV — Company A — Continued. 



NAME. RANK. 

Stewart, Cyrus Private. 

Warner, John W 

Whetstone, David C 



WHEN. 

June 1 , 1865. 



REMARKS. 

To Co. K 38th O. V.I. * July 

12, 1866. 
To Co. A 38th O. V. I * July 

12, 18&5. 
To Co. A 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 



COnPANY B. 



NAME. RANK. 

William Hughes Sergt. 

Dayton, Charles R Private. 

Decker, William, 

Harven, William " 

Jackson, Hugh W 

Johnson, William H 

Lake, Lafayette 



Long. Lewis 

Moyer. William. 



WHEN. 

Oct. 23, 1863. 



Oliver, Cyrus 

Prentice, Albert D. 



Prentice, Edward. . 
Rawdon, Calvin L. 



Rawdon, Martin B. . 

Shafer, Morrison P. 

Sparks, Lorenz H... 
Weirman, Samuel... 



REMARKS. 

To 87th Co. 2d Battalion V. 

R.C. as Sergt. * June 28, 

1865. 

June 1,1865. To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 

To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 18&5. 
To Co. B 38th O.V.I, as Wm. 
Harbor. * July 12. 18&5. 
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * June 

7, 1865. 
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 18&5. 
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July 
12. 1865. 
16. 1864. To V. R. C. 

To Co.C 1st Regt. V. V. E. 
Sep. 26. 1865. 
1 , 1863. To Co. K 12th Regt. V. R. C. 
Dis. June 1. 1865. 
Apr. 30, 1864. To 1.54th Co. 2d Battalion V. 
R. C. Dis for disability 
May 26, 1865, 
Sep. 23, 1863. To V. R. C. 
June 1, 1865. To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * July 
12, 186.5. 
To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 

To Co. B 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 

May 31, 1864. To V. R. C. 

June 1 . 1865. To Co. B 38th O. V.I. * July 

12, 1865. 



COnPANY c. 



Mar. 

July 2C. 1864. 

Aug 



NAMES. RANK. 

Thomas C, Hogle Musician. 

Brandt, John B Private. 

Carron, William 

Davis, Gwilym 

Davis, Morgan 

Dice, George M 

Graham, William P 

Heir. George " 

Heir, Thomas " 

Hull, Hiram F 

Quigley, Thomas " 



WHEN. REMARKS. 

Dec. 22. 1864. To Co. I. 15th Regt.V. R.C. * 

July 1, 1865. 
Apr. 1 1 . 1864. To Co. H 12th Regt. V. R, C. 

* June 29. 1865. 

Dec. 21, 1864. To Co. A 15th Regt. V. R. C. 

* July 22. 1865. 

June 1 . 1865. To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July 
12, 1865. 
To Co. D 38lh O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 
To Co. D 38th O. V. I. * July 
12, 1865. 
July 18, 1864. To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

*Sep. 26, 1865. 
June 1 . 1865. To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July 
12, 1865. 
To Co. C 38th O. V. I. * July 
12. 1865. 
July 18, 1864. To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

* Sep. 26, 1865. 
Sep, 1,1863. To V. R.C. 



L 



xlvi 



API'EyDIX. 



Table IN' — Company C— Continued. 



NAME. 

Ricburds. John \i 

Thomus. Jobu B 

WuiutmuKti. Jobti 
Webster. Uuniel 

WbllehoUM". Eilwurtl 



WHEN. 



KtMAKKS. 



June 1. Ifflo. ToCo. C38ihO. V. I. • July 
12. IKfiS. 
To Co. C »*ih O. V. I. • Julv 
n. IK6n. 
Sep. 1.1863. ToV. K. C. 
June Lisas. ToCo. DSKthO V.l. • Ju.. 
12 18tl 
To Co. F 38lh O. V. 



COnPA.NY D. 

NAME. KANK. WHEN. KEMAKKS. 

William D. Curtis Strgt. Sop. l.=>. IWB. To V. R. C. 

HarlaQ P. Hall Corporal. June 1.1865. ToCo. I 38lhO. V. 1 

12. 186f>. 

Francis M Judd '• July 27. IS63. To V. R. C 

Back. Fernaod.) C Private. .\pr. 20, It*64. ToGuni 

Back. Fernando C June 1. 18«>. ToCo. 1 

Juh 
Cady. Fordyce \V July 27. IWB. ToCo. I Mii K« ft \ i. < 

July 1.1865.^ 

Giddlntfs. .\nson E Mar. T. IWM. To V. R. C. 

IJ rover, .\loii20 July '27. 1(«33. To Co. I Kth Re»fl. V. R. l'. 

•Julv 1. lt<«». 
Hall. Henrv " Mar. 2. 18«M. ToCo. K .Sib Retfl- V. RC. 

• Julv -22. 1«65. 

Hall. Jame.s E Oct. 26. IWC To 17tb Ilis. Cav. • Dec. 

U. lt«> 
Lockwood. Pulaski - June I.lSffi. To Co. C 38th O. \". 1. • 

June 21. I*t«>. 
Reynolds. (Jeorge W '• Apr. 6. IWJ4. To Co.G 16ih Retrt. V. R.C. 

• July 3. 1WJ5. 
Swayne. Jobn " June 1. Is*i.V ToCo. I SSih O. \'. 1 • 

Julyl2. IH«>. 
Wakelu. Bvron ' " To Co. I 38th O. V. 1. • 

Julv 12. 1865. 

Wells. Walter C " Mar. 16. 1S61. To V. R. C. 

Wel.maii. .\lon7.o " Apr. S). ls»vi. To Gunboat service. 

COnPANY E. 

NA.ME. I<.\NK. WMK.V. KEXIAKKS. 

Alshouse. Jonas Private To Co. G I5th Re^'l. V. R. C. 

• JulvK 1NV>. 
Brewer. Justin Mar. 15. \9A\. To Co. K 5th Rent. V. R. C 

•July 5. 1865. 
Couley. Feinand.. I To V. R. C. 

Haves Kllsha W July 18. 18«M. To V. V. E. 

Lok'an Henrv Mar. 15. I8«M. To V. R. C. 

.N. r!on James H .Mar. 1.5, 1865 To I.Vitb Cc. 2d Baitaliou \' 

R.C. 'June*), lh«5 
l»alchln. D.r. June 1.1865. To Co. E. 3Stb O.V.I " 

July 12. 1865. 
l>.:»s. \i..>. I •• To Co E 38th O. V. I • 

Julv 12, 1865. 



COnPANY F. 

.\AM» HANK. WIIKN. lli:.VAI<Ks 

Wmiainl)<«" Pilu. uius. June I. I^65. To»*ih O.V.I. • June 10. 

1865 

Auxer, John ii Private, Apr. 22. I8A< To KVlth Co 2d Bnttnllon V 

R C. • Julv 12. IK65 

BUmkI. Adomo June 1.1865. To t"o E .twth <» V. I. • 

Julv • • '-■'■ 



1 



APPENDIX. 



xlvii 



Table IV — Company F — Continued. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. REMARKS. 

Call, Francis M Private. May 31,1864. To 151st Co. LM Battalion V. 



Cassidy, John 

Cousins, Levi B. 



Dimmick, Orlando.. 

Fales, Frank 

Ferry, William 



Foote, Loami M. 
Gray, Charles 



Hobert, Marcene. 
Kelsey, Arthur.... 



Ketchum, Daniel 

Manchester, Lyman. 



Nevvcomb. Frank E. 
Pierce, Alison I 



Riley, Charles H.... 

Rand,Cassius M 

Saddler. John 

Saston. Seymour .. 
Scott, Chauncey B. 
Waters, Rollin A... 



Jan. 23, lo63. 
June 1, 1865. 



Mar. 7, 1864. 



Sep. 20, 1864. 
June 1,1865. 



R. C. * June 30, 186.5. 
To V. R. C. 
To Co. E 38th O. V. 1. * 

July 12, 1865. 
To 2d Battalion V. R. C. * 
June 17, 1865. 
May 6, 1863. To Co. F 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

* June 27, 1865. 
June 1,186.5. ToCo.E 38th O.V.I. *July 

12, 186,5. 
Feb. 11. 1864. To V. R. C. 
June 1, 1865. To Co. E 38th O. V. 1. * 
July 12, 1865. 
To 23d Rest. V. R. C. 
To Co. F 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 

To Co. F 38th O.V. I. * June 

13, 186.5. 

To Co. E 38th O. V. 1. * July 

12, 1865. 
Dec. 12,1863. To V. R. C. 
June 1, 1865. To Co. G 38th O. V. 1. * July 

12, 1865. 
To Co. E 38th O. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 
To Co. G 38th O.V. I. Absent 

sick. * June 10. 1865. 
To Co. E 38th O. V. 1. * July 

12, 1865. 
ToCo. I 38thO. V. I. * July 

12, 1865. 
To Co. I 38th O. V. I. Dis. 

for dis. May 20, 1865. 
April 6, 1864. To 149th Co. 2d Battalion V 

R. C. * June 30, 1865. 



COnPANY Q. 



Fayette, Blood Corporal. Apr. 18,1864. 

Barker, Edmond J Private. Mar. 13, 1865. 



Barnes, William H., 



Cook. Luke 

De Wolf. John W.. 
Drake, William.... 
Fuller, Martin H. 



Giddings, Francis W... 
Kirby, George 



Metcalf, George L. 



Munn. Herman D.. 
Sill, Theodore 



Spencer, John C... 

Swartout, Lacy 

Sweet, Jesse M 

Torry, Seneca D ... 
Williams. Milton.. 



July 29. 1864. 

Mar. 15, 1864. 
Apr. ... 1864. 
Dec. 12, 1863. 
June 1, 1865. 

Dec. 15, 1863. 
July 20, 1864. 

July 27, 1863, 

Jan. 28. 1864. 



Mar. 16. 1864. 
July 27, 1863. 
June 1, 1865. 



RE.MARKS. 

To U. S. Navv. 

To 155th Co. 2d Battalion V. 

R. C. * July 26, 1865 
To Co. B 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

* June 30, 1865. 
To V. R. C. 

To U. S. Navy. 

To V. R. C. 

To Co. K 38th O. V. I. * 

June 2. 1865. 
To 120th Co.2d Batln.V.R.C. 
To Co. E 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

* Sep. 26, 1865. 

To Co. H 8th Regt. V. R. C. 

* July 2, 1865. 
To V. R. C 

To Co. E 17th Regt. V R. C. 

* June 29, 1865. 

To Co. H 8th Regt. V. R. C. 

* July 2, 1865. 

To Co. I 8th Regt. V. R. C. 

* July 1.18&5. 

To Co F 3Sth Regt. O. V. 1. 

* July 12. 1865. 

To Co. G' 38th Regt. O. V. 1. 

* July 12. 186.5. 

To Co. G 38th Regt. O. V. I. 

* July 12. 1865. 



xlviii 



APPEyUIX. 



Table IV Continued, Co 

NAME. U.\.NK. WHt.S 

Almoo, Euitimun- Corporal. Nov. 13, l»ti3. 

Courtney, Frederick Private. July 27, 1863. 

Horastine. BaclUa ■ Feb. 23. 1863. 

Hunt. Chuuncey M " Nov. 6, 1863. 

Kirkbride. James " July 18.1864. 

Shaffer, James '• June 1,1865. 

Stewart. Koval M Nov. 28. 1863. 

Whetstone. Isaac U June 1.1865 

Witmer, Lewis 

Witzcman. Benjamin.. 

Youn^', John '• Mar. I.1'>'V4. 

COnPANY I. 

NAME. lt.\NK. WlltN. 

Robert S. Abell Corporal. Mar. 31. 1864. 

Hunting. Robert L Private. July 2a, 1864. 

Haine. Geon;e •• Jan. 14.1864. 

Hazelllne. John G •• Mar. 20. 1864. 

KellOBg.John Sep. 24. 1864. 

Knowles. Thomas J •• July 18. 1864. 

Lane, Oeorce '• June 1,1865. 

Lockwood. Kdnar • Nov. 28. Ih63. 

Paichin. James W ' Mar. 15, 18®. 

Perry, Worthy Jan. 5. 1864. 

RulapauRh. John Sep. 26. 1863. 

Webb. Uarwm •• Oct. 29, 1863. 

Wildman. Ira '■ May 18. 1863. 

COnPANY K. 

NAME HANK. WHEN. 

Horatio M. Smith 1st Lieut. Jan. 16, l(«64. 

HuTKCtt, Harrison Private. (Xt. 29. 1K63. 

HurKett. Harrison H .. • July 18,18*1. 

Kiios, Andrew June 1.1865. 

F'arl. William " Aug. S. IWH. 

Mann. John •• July 27. l»«63. 

Parker, Alburtus W 

Sweet. Jlllitl S •• AuK'. 19. 1863. 

Towt-n Herbert •• June 1. 1866. 



mpany H. 

KEMAKKS. 

To Co. A 8th Regt. V. R. C. 

• June 17, 1865. 

To Co I 8th Regi. V. R. C. 

• July I. 18®. 

To Miss. Marine Corps. 

To V. R. C. 

To Co. A 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

• Sep. 26. 18®. 

To Co. A 38th RegL O. V. L 

• Julv 12. 18®. 
To V. R. C. 

To Co. A 3xth Regt. O.V. L 

• Julv 12. 18®. 

To Co. G 38lh Regt. O. V. L 

• July 12. IH®. 

To Co. G 3J<th Regt.O. V. L 

• July 12. 18®. 
To \- H C. 



KEMAHKS. 

To V. R. C. 'June 13,1865. 
To Co. H 1st Regt. V. V. E. 

• .Sep 26, 18®. 
To \'. R C. 

To Co. H lyth Regt. V. R C. 

•July 13. 18®. 
To I87ih Co. I St Battalion 

V. R. C. 
To Co. A I St Regt. V. V. E. 

• Sep. 26. ihiiS. 

To Co. H 3Mh O. V. I. • July 

12. 18®. 
To V R. C. 
To asth Co. 2d Battalion V. 

R. C. • Julv 17. 18®. 
To Co. C -2311 Regt. V. R. C. • 

Julv 13. 18®. 
To V. R. (• 
To Co. C I5ih Regt. V. R. C. 

• July 13. l^®. 

To Miss. Marine Brigade. 



KEMAKKS. 

Pr Capt. Post g. M. Chat- 
tanooga. • Brevt.-Maj. 
U S A. 

To V. R.C. 

To V V. K. 

To Co. G 3>*.h O. V. I. • July 
12. IH®. 

To V. R. C. 

To Co K 17th R.-gt. V. R. C. 
• June 17. 18®. 

To Co I 81 h R.gi. V. R. C. 
•Julv I IS® 

To Co. b 2d R.gt. V. R. C. 
•Julv 5. IH®. 

To Co. G 38th t). V. I. •July 
IS. 18®. 



APPENDIX. xlix 



TABLE V. 

Mustered Out at Close of War, 

Absent prom Regiment fok Cause. 
COMPANY A. 

NAME. RANK. WHEN. WHERE. REMARKS. 

James Morris Sergt. June 10. IH6.5. Cleveland, O. Det. service. 

William G. Davis Corp. May 3. 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Wounded. 

Kelley, Mabershalal...Private. " Cp. Dennison.O. Ab. Sick. 

COnPANY B. 

Bear. Abner Private. June 9. 186.5, Cleveland. O. Det. service. 

Lattin, Wright " May 30, 186.5. Madison, Ind. Ab. Sick. 

COMPANY C. 

Culver. James Private. July 14, 1865. Cleveland. O. Ab. Sick. 

Edwards. John F " June 10. 1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service. 

Evans. Ezeriah " July 17. 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Sick. 

COMPANY D. 

Warren Jennings Sergt. June 10,1865. Cleveland,©. Det. service. 

Seth Weeks '• June 2, 186,5. Nashville.Tenn. Det. service'. 

Charles E. Doolittle. Corp. May 31, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Det. duty. 

Ackley. Amiel J Private. June 27, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. duty. 

Vickers. Frederick '• June 1, 1865. Cleveland, O. Ab. Wounded. 

Wakelee, Oscar R " June 16, 1865. Cleveland, O. Det. service. 

Wakelee, Arthur B " " Cleveland, O. Det. service. 

COnPANY E. 

Eggleston, WellingtonPrlvate. June 16. 186.5. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner. 

Jones, Delavan " June 15. 1865, Nashville, Tenn. Det. in hos. 

King, Eleazar A " June 26, 186^. Cleveland. O. Wounded & det. 

Ladow. Sylvester " June 9, 1865. Nashville, Tenn. Ab. Wounded. 

Russell, Elmer " May 30, 1865. Na.shville.Tenn. Det. Hos. duty. 

COnPANY F. 

David C. Beardsley. ..Sergt. June 2, 1865. Camp Dennison.Det. duty. 
Radcliff, Charles Private. May 17, 1865. Nashville.Tenn. Ab. Sick. 

COnPANY G. 

Pease, John D Private. June 2,186.5. Cp. Dennison.O. Ab. Sick. 

Richmond. She rman S. " June 3. 1865. Nashville.Tenn, Det. duty. 
Stoll. Henry C " June 16, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner. 

COnPANY H. 

John C. Hartzell Captain. June 7, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. service. 

Flaugher, Joseph H.. Private. May 29, 1865. New York City. Ab. Sick. 

COMPANY I. 

Hugh M. Boys Corp. May 11, 186.5. Nashville.Tenn. Ab. Wounded. 

Dillen J.Turner •' June 26, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner. 

Anderson. Thomas Private. May 30, 136.5. Cleveland, O. Det. service. 

Butler. Frank A " June 7,186.5, Cleveland,©. Ab, Wounded. 

Harrison. Salathiel " June 16, 1865. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner. 

Triloff. William F " June 9, 186.5. Cp. Dennison, O.Ab, Wounded. 

Wilcox, William R.... " May 26, 1865. Louisville, Ky. WithHos.Corps 

COnPANY K. 

William O. Smith Corp. June 3. 1865. Nashville,Tenn. Det service. 

Hutchinson. Stephen J. Private June 2,1865. Chattan'ga.TennDet. service. 

King, Amos H " June 24. 186.5. Camp Chase, O. Ab. Prisoner. 

Wilson, Frederick W.. " July 13, 1865. Columbus, O. Det. service. 



APPEXIJIX. 



TABLE \ I. 

Killed and Died in Service. 

CU.nPANN A. 

KAME. KANK 1»ATK. WIIKUt. \* 14 KK K I N r KHH P.ll. 

Nathan W. KIdk Setvl. Sep. P. 18«:J Killed. Cblcka- 

muupa. 
Lafuye tie McCoy '• Mar. 7. 1863 Murfr'sbro.Tenu Slonc River 

Cemetery. 

Willliitn H Craij? " Sep. 20. I8fl3 Killed. Cbicku- 

mauira. 

Joseph Applegaie Corp. Oct S, 1S«W Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Oeor^e W. Walser June 28. I'-'H N.i^hs .:. T.-un. .Sec. • E'Kr.«7 

Murr. .Mi'xander Private. Oct. 8 - i ■ un. Chaita'Ka.Tenn 

II.. vl.-. John A Oct 19. .u. .^ec. ■ K • jfr 116 

Couli.r. Jumes C " July 21. - ■ un. Nashville. Tenn 

Houston. Richard •• Aug. 16. l-C-l AiUi.la. Ua. Sec. J k'r 26. 

HuHton Dickson •• " Marii-ll;i. (Ja. 

Lewis. Benjamin B " Mar. 24. lf>»a Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. N gr 22>*. 

Stone R Cem'ry 

Mc<;intv. Michael •' Oct. 8. 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Kv. 

McLarin. John '• July 2S. 1864 Louisville. Ky. Sec.H.RowS.Rr 

71. C. H.Cem 

.Miller. Albert " Oct. 8. 1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

.Morris. Isaac " Sep. !>. 1864 Andersonv'e.Ua. Andersoville. 

Ua.kT. 7>«6 

N black. Henry '• Oct. 8. 1862 Killed. Perry've. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Price. William B " Oct. 29. 1862 Louisville. Ky. Ca»e Hill Ce'ry. 

Reep ReulH-n II " Aug. 26. IHitl Cowan. Tenn Stone R Cemry 

ShintJledecker. John... " Mar. 3. U^'A Poland. O. Poland. O. 

Smith. Benj;imin " Sep. 18. 18'>l .Xnderson've.Ga. Andersonvllle. 

Ga. 

St.-wart. William W... Auk. 12. 1863 Universlty.Tenn 

Thomas. John » Nov. 19. 18»>3 Munfordv'e. Ky. Cave Hill Ce'ry. 

Wcl.b John H " Oct. 8, IWc' Danville. Ky. .Sec. 2. pr. 20 

\Viiherstav.Henry„... *• Oct. 18. wa Chattajfa. Tenn Sec. C. Kr3T6 

Williams. Clytus April 3. ls»tl .Murfrsl.ro.Tenn Stone R.Cemry 

Williams, James < K.- i » ls»c' Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky 

COMPANY B. 

NAME. KANK. UATK. WHEHI:. Wli EKE INTEKKtC 

Epbralm Kee Cant. Jan. 19.1863 Murfrsbro.Tenn Greene. O. 

Merrii Kmerson 2d Lieut. June 13, I8«:i Murfr'sbro.Tenn Vienna, O. 

Jonas K Wannema'kr.Ist.SerKt.iVi >•. 1H62 KiUeil. Perry've. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
KdwardS PalfreemanSerKl. Jan. IH. 1h»h Murfrsbro.Tenn .Sec. N. tfr- I®' 

.Stone R. Cem'ry 

John A. Ewalt Corp. July 8. 1W53 Louisville. Ky. Cave H. Cem'ry 

Hlnim J. Scott - .Sep. 25. Ihjvi Chickam'tfa. Ga 

Itallard. Jonathan Private. Oct. 8. l>«t; KilUtl. Perry've. Cp. Nelson. Ky 

IturluiKame. Marcus. Nov. 21. IHrt;.' Munfordv'e.Ky. Louisville. Kv 

C Hill Cem'ry 

Caldwell. Calvin Sep. ». IH«3 Chlckam ta. Ga 

Crawford. James A. Keb. I.I«VS .\nMU|>ills, Md. Anna|K>lls. Md. 

DiUey. Herman Jan. lu. Ik6;i Gallatin. Tenn Nu-shVe. Tenn. 

Sec. P..i:r. 34. 
DrennoD. John Oct. 8. 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Kv 

• Jrim AltHTi Oct. 14. IHrt2 Perryvllle. Ky. Cp. Nelson Ky, 

Hariman JoM-pti ."seji. 14. I'^rtJ Louisville. Ky. Sec. A. row 38. 

trave 14. Cave 

Hill Cem'ry. 
lUrl AdellMTl Dec. ll.lwM N<w York Har. Murietl at sea. 

ll.inh Henrv July 9. I-M N.ishville. Tenn. Sec. J. kt 3»1 

ll.lsl.y. Jnhii I" Oct. 8. Ihrt.' KiUe.l IVrry'veCp. Nelson. Ky. 

Hurht. Henry Dec. 13, IH»u: Munfordv'e, Ky. I-«niisvllle. Ky. 

<aveHIIICey 
Kelly. HuKh R " Sep. 8. 1864 JuneHboro. Ga. Marietta. c;a. 

Sec. t; tlT. WW. 



APPENDIX. 



Table VI— Company B— Continued. 

Kennedy Benjamin F. Private Oct. 8, 1862 Killed, Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Perkins Addison • Oct. , 1862 Louisville, Ky. Cave H. Cem ry 

Rpoker Christopher F '• Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perry v'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Rush Daniel " Mar. 24 1865 Goldsboro, N.C. Raleigh, N. C. 

Hvan Tacob . " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

sfee James . " Dec. 21, 1862 Louisville, Ky. Sec. B. row 6,gr 

bdge, James 19, Cave Hill 

Cemetery. 

Taft Samuel K " Oct. 14, 1862 Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 

T?ue Wniiam C.. " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e, Cp. Nelson, Ky. 

Walc'ott Newton L... " Dec. 18, 1862 Munfordv'e, Ky. Louisville, Ky. 

" Cave H. Cem y 

Welsh, William C " Feb. 26, 1864 Danville, Va. Danville, Va. gr 

COMPANY C. 

NAME KANK. DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED. 

Ambrose C. Mason Capt. Aug. 27, 1864 East Point, Ga. Ch^aUa^a^Tena 

HartholomewErastus Private. June 18. 1864 Andersonv'e.Ga. Andersville.Ga 

Davis, William R " Oct. 30, 1862 Perrville, Ky. C| Nelson.Ky. 

Evans William " June 22. 1864 In field hosp. 

SodshalV, William H.. '• Dec. 2, 1862 Munfordv'e,Ky. Loui^^vUe^Kj,^ 

Kelly, Lawrence " Aug. 12, 1864 In field hosp. Manet^ia^ Ga^ ^ 

McLain, Richard H '• June 6, 1864 In field hosp. ChaUa^ga^Tena 

Miller, Lemuel B " Feb. 5. 1863 Louisville, Ky. Sec-B^row^gr. 

Cemetery. 

Moser Lemuel " Dec. 24, 1862 Gallatin, Tenn. Nashville, Teoa 

PricI Lemuel ":::::: - Oct. 4. 1863 Nashville,Tenn. Sec. E grave 233 

Ihook, Cornelius " Jan. 6. 1864 Cowan, Tenn. MurJs'bro.Teim 

Stewart Nelson O .... " May 29. 1863 Niles, O. Died at home. 

VaTyAdolphus .":...:: - Au|. 5,1864Killed^^Utoy Marietta, Ga. 

White, Andrew N " Sep. 19. 1863 Killed. Chicka- 

mauga, G. 

COnPANY D. 

NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED. 

Solomon D Williams..Sergl. Oct. 28, 1862 Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson Ky. 
fohn C. Britton ...^ Cor|. Nov. 25, 1863 Killed^ Mission C|aUa^ga^,Tenn 

Belden, Francis E Private. June 16, 1864 Anderf v'e. Ga. Anders^j^uvUle, 

Brooks Eugene ... " Oct. 8. 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Op. Nelson. Ky. 

Crandail Charles " June 12. 1863 Nashville.Tenn. Nashv e, Tenn. 

GaiSer WedtrickR'.' - Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 
hIu Albert " Nov. 9. 1863 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec.C.grave289. 

Johnson WUliam W... •• Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 

Spo^JSjaminG: •; Sep. 22, 1863 ChaUa;ga.Tenn. Se-C^|-ve ^88. 

^S^S^hr^^ ;: •' N?v.l9.-l'l6lFeTrV^'ine^^y; fS^Ky, 

MayK EdVin H...... " Nov. 28, 1862 BowlingGr'n.Ky Nashv ^- Tenn. 

Nash, Ayer W - Apr. 9, 1863 Murfr'bro,Tenn. |e^«^f ^g^^^^y 

Nash Daniel P " Oct. 8, 1862 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Paine aIv n B ■.■.■.'.■. " Aug. 20 18&4 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C, grave 374 

Palmer Edwin.:::..:.... : ' Dec. 18, 1862 Ble^dsoe'sCreek, Concord, O 

?::J;Sy^^usA " ^^•i2:Jl^^ri!k,Ky. C^^Nelson;-^: 

War^EVmer^H^:::::::: " Mar. i: 1863 Murfrs'bro.Tenn |ecM3,grave226. 



APPENDIX. 



Table VI— Continued, Company E. 



NAME. K.\.SK. 

K. Abliott SpauliliOk'...Capt. 
Churks C Hiichcock-Corp. 
Byrou A. Pease 

Altierts. \V'a«biD«lon..Privaie. 

Ak-zaadcr, Feslus 



Ayers. Josiab 

Bav'K. Wllford A 
Bfc-kwitb. Ju^ll■^ 



Bond. Jot'l L) 
Bowers, David ' 

Brldgeman. Anbi'l O... 

BridKftnan.Edwanl S. 

Duyion. William 

Dixon. Madison 

FlshtT. Oml L 



Hale. William II. 
Johnson. Ausiln . 
Knox. Dexter.. 



Sep. 

Ocl 

Aui;. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Ocl 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Jan. 
Sep. 

Apr. 

Jan. 



.\ I K 

>*. 1" 

18. 1863 

34. 1863 

14.1801 
7.1863 
0. 1863 



WilEKi: INTEKKEti. 



Tenn. 
-ryv"e 



N'-ar 



-Sec.C. grave S*'! 
Burton. O. 
Marietta. Ga. 
Sec.J.grave 25 



8. 1863 
19, 1863 



8. 1863 
18, 1863 



Ocl. 18. 1861 



Osl>orn. David 

Fbilllps. (Jeonfe W.. 
Sanborn. Homer L... 
Sllvcrnuil. Amos H 



St. Jobn. iJeorice. . 
StrkUland. Waller. 

Tucker. Jobn T 

Way. Averlll 



Wbltlng, Jobn. Jr. 



NAME. KANK. 

Lcverell A 'H.irnanl...lst Ll. 

Harrison J Fuller Sergt. 

Kdwin K. More -...Corp. 

Jusiab King '' 



Nov. 
Mar. 

Ocl. 
Sep. 
Nov 



Ocl. 
Dec. 
Ocl. 
Ocl. 



Oct. 
Apr. 
Oct. 
Mar. 



22. 1862 
16, 1863 

8. 1862 

H. \»fa 

28. 1862 



8, 1862 
19, 1862 

6, 1862 

9. 1862 



8. 1862 
23. 1H6.S 
13. 1862 
19. 1864 

X, 1S.VJ 



Al.aiila. Oa. 
Fort Donelson. 

Tenn. 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn S«' 
St. 
Perryville. Ky. Ci' 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Slouc il. Ciu. >. 
Louisville. Ky. Sec. A. row S3, 
grave 2. Cavt 
Hill Cemeiry. 
Jallatin.Tenu. Nasbville.Tenu 

Killed. Chicka- 

mauKa. Ga. 

Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. 1. grave 485. 

Sione R.Cemry. 

Louisville. Ky. Sec. II. row 2. 

grave 49. Ccve 

Hill C'emetry. 

Andersonv'e.Ga. Ander.sonville. 

i;a. 

Gallatin. Tenn. Nasbv'e. Tenn. 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec G. gr. 392. 
Stoue K.Cem'y. 
Killed. Perry v'e. Hamptlen. O. 
Nasbville.Tenn. Sec. K.grave8M 
Louisville. Ky. See. II. row 3. 
ftrave 47. Cave 
Hill Cemetery 
Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Louisville, ky. Cave H. Cemry 
Louisville. Ky. Cave H. Cem"ry 
Louisville. Ky. Sec. .\. row. 34. 
grave 3. Cave 
Hill Cemetery 
Killed. Perrvv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Cp. Dennison.O. Grave 328 
Antiocb Cb.. Ky. Cp. .\elson. Kv 
Kinggold. Ga. Chaitaga.Tenn 
Sec. K. gr. .V>9 
Killed. Perryv'e Cp. Nelson. Ky 



COMPANY F. 



Janus Chlld^ 



.Private 



liuLuss. liolH-rl It 
Hurnes, James. .. 

ItoHley, George W 

lloHln, KIlasT.-. 
Itr- «strr. Oliver l; 
Hod'.mle. Churlcs i 

t ■ 

II • • <■ 

Mil li.Mi»ii«. ilia-s. W. 



DATE. 

Feb. 17, 1H■.^ 
Oil. -as. w 
.Mar. 1, Is- 
Oct. 25, 1-. 

June 18, 1861 

iVt. 8. 18<W 
Unknown. 
Jan. 21, IHVi 
Feb. «), 1861 
July 20. 1863 



WHEKC. WHERE INTBKKEh 

\V;iul-..r, O 

■Ky 

O 



Killed. Kene- 

saw Mt. 
KiUeil Perryv'e. 

Kllleil 

Savannah. Ga. 
Wlllougbby. O. 
Drowned while 



Nov. -22. 1882 MiinfonlvV. Ky. 

Ocl. 8. 1862 KilkHl. PerrWe. 
tVt IH, I80SJ Perr^ ville. Kv 
JuDe 23, I8A« Killed. Kcne- 

suw Ml. 
Aug. 27. IHM Killed. Atlanta. 
Ocl. 8, IWW Killed. Perryv'e. 

Perryville, Ky. 



MftrieUa,Ga. 

Sec. A, gr. 169 
Marielta, Ga. 

Cv - 

S< ■ 
S«\ 

reluming to the 

COIIll'^lhV 

Cav 

I 

Cp 

S«-c. H. k-i . » 

M.ii;." 

M.r 

Cl 

C). . 

Cp. N-l-i,. Ky. 



APPENDIX. 



liii 



Table VI— Company F— Continued. 

NAME. RANK. DATE. WHERE. M'HERE INTERRED. 

Martin, George Private. June 14, 1864 Andersonv'e,Ga. Grave 19;{0. An- 

sonviUe. Ga. 
Newcomb. Selah. W... " Oct. 31, 1862 Perry ville, Ky. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Nye. Ira '' Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Montville, O. 

Smith, Frederick " '• '• Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Sober, Spencer " Feb. 2.^, 1863 Murfr'sbro,Tenn Seel, grave 125. 

Stone R. Cem'y. 
Waller, Harrison " Dec. 1.5, 1862 Perryville, Ky 

Note— Killed, by explosion of steamboat boiler, on Mississippi River 
while he was returning from Confederate prison. 

COMPANY a. 



NAME. RANK. DAT 

Hei'ry Adams 2d Lieut. Feb. 20. 

Jostph George Sergt. Oct. 8 

Luke Norihway Corp. May 8, 

Benjamin F. Hewitt.. Wagon'r.Feb 

Baldwin, Franklin Private. May 14 

Henton, Joel S " Jan. 12 

Chapin, Stephen W " Apr. 17, 

Chapman, Zephaniah.. '• Apr. 1, 

Chri.stie. James T •' Apr. 10, 

Compton. John D " July 21, 

Cowles. Zeri " June 19. 

Felch, Franklin " Nov. 27, 

Fuller. George V '' June 10, 

Gant. William H " Oct. 29, 

Gould. Daniel L " Oct 10, 

Jones, James L " Aug. 9, 

Kenny, Snel '• Dec. 7, 

Leavitt, Edwin R " Oct. 8, 

Nichols, Hezekiah " Jan. 2, 

Parker, Seth " Apr. 21 

Phelps, George K " Nov. 22, 

Piper. Delos S " Oct. 8. 

Richardson, George N. " Sep. 30, 

.^hipman. Wilson D.... " Oct. 10. 

Smith. Jerome L " Oct. 8, 

Spaulding. Asa B " " 

Turney, Albert A " June 7, 

Wiiterman. Adna " Oct. 21, 

Whitmore, Chauncey.. ' May 4, 



1863 
1862 
1863 
1863 
1863 
, 1863 

1863 
1863 
1865 
1864 

1863 
1863 
1864 
1862 
1862 
1864 
1862 

1862 
1863 
1863 
1862 

1862 
1864 

1862 
1862 



1862 
1864 



WHERE. WHERE INTERRED. 

Murfr"sbro,Tenn 

Killed. Perry v'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R.Cem'ry 

Munfordv'e Ky 

Nashville, Tenn. Nashv"e. Tenn. 
Munfordve. Ky. Louisville. Ky. 

Cave H.Cem'y 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn .Sec. N, gr. 508. 

Murfr'sbro.Tenn 

Goldsboro, N.C. Sec. 4. gr. 27. 
Peachtree C'k, Marrietta. Ga. 
Ga. Sec. I, gr. 331. 

Murfr'sbro.Tenn Sec. N, gr. 136. 
Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C. gr. .378. 
Nashville, Tenn. Nashville, Tenn 
Perryville. Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 
Andersonv'e.Ga. Grave 11942. 
Glasgow, Ky. Tompkinsville, 

Ky. 
Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Perryville, Ky. C)) Nelson, Ky. 
Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone R. Cem'y. 
Munfordv'e,Ky. Louisville, Ky. 

Cave H. Cem'y 
Killed Perryv'e. Cp, Nelson, Ky. 
Atlanta, Ga. Marietta. Ga. 

Sec. G, gr. 972 
Louisville, Ky. Cave H. Cem'y. 
Perryville, Ky. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Murfr'sbro,Tenn Stone R. Cem'y. 
Perryville. Ky. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 
Chatta'ga.Tenn. See. C, grave 377 



COriPANY H. 



NAME RANK. 

Robert Wilson Capt. 

Armstrong. Wm. T... Private. 

Baker, William H 

IJoughton, Horace " 

Dean, Benjamin " 

Fishel, Eben U 

Hartman. Nathan " 

Hunt. Alfred " 

Ingling. William D " 

Kiikbride. Asher " 

McCurley. John C 

Naylor, William H 



date. WHERE. WHERE INTERRED. 

Oct. 8, 1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson, Ky. 
•' " Cp. Nelson, Ky. 

Nov. 11, 1862 Bardstown, Ky. Lebanon, Ky. 
Oct. 8. 1862 Killed. Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
May 13, 1863 Murfr'sbro,Tenn Stone R. Cem'y. 
May 1, 1863 Louisville, Ky. Sec. B, row II, 
grave 35, Cave 
Hill Cem'ry. 
Cp. Nelson. Ky. 
Marietta, Ga. 



Oct. 8 
Aug. 5 
June 30 
Nov. 27. 



1863 
1864 
1863 
1863 



Jan. 
Oct. 



1863 
1862 



Killed. Perryv'e. 
Killed. Atlanta. 
Goshen, O. 
Chatta'ga.Tenn. 

Nashville, Tenn. 
Perryville, Ky. 



Chatta'ga, Tenn 

Sec. C, gr. 286. 

Nashville, Tena 

Cp. Nelson, Ky. 



liv 



API'EXDIX. 



Table M Company M— Continued. 

NAME. RANK. DATE. WHEHE. WHERE INTERRED. 

Koble, Homer Private. Jan. 16. 186.'! Murfrsbro.Ttun .Sec. I. ^t 13d. 

SioneR Cem'y 

Owen. Ell J •• Feb. -1. 1864 CballaV'a.Tenn. Sec. C. gr. 3TV. 

Raub, Isaac C. P *• Dec. 25, 188:« ChaUaVa.Tenn. Sec. C. pr JKT. 

Roahr. Charles '• Sep. 4. is»53 Nasbville.Tenn. Sec B. gr. 56H. 

Rummel, Jot>eph_- •* Sep. I, ISfM Kilktl al Joues- Mariella, Ga. 

lx»ro, Ga. Sec. K, pr. M». 

Shermaa, Albert A.... '* Apr. 9, lh63 Murfrsbro.Tenn Sec. G, pr. :ns. 

StoneH.Cemy 

StrattOD. EvI •' Oct. 8, 186-2 Killed. PcrrvVe. Cp. Nelson. Kv. 

L'msteail. Uaniel \V " Mar 22. IHKJ Murfrsbro.Tenn Stone R.Cem'ry 

COMPANY I. 

NAME. RANK. DATE. WRERE. WHERE INTERRKD. 

L. Uwiphi Kec Capt. Oct. h. It^2 Killed. Perryv'e. Greene. O. 

Harvey W. Partridge.. Ist SergtNov. 11, IKB3 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C. gr. 380. 

Cbatia'ga.TcDD 

Edwin A. Whitcomb...Sergt. Sep. 20. 1H>3 Killed. Chicka- „ 

maugit, Ga. 

Cyrus Crli)i:€n Corp. Oct. 28, IH62 Louisville. Ky. Cave H. Cemy 

AmbrobC J. Hiiiley - Feb. 18. IWM Nashville. Tenn. Nashville.Tenn 

FrederlckM.Glddlngs. •• Apr. 21. Ih63 Murfr'bro.Tenn Sec.M. gravels 

.Stone K Ceni'y 

Andrews. Elmer H Private. Nov. 12. 18fi2 Petryllle. Kv. Cp. .N'elson Kv 

Butler, Lucius C " Oct. 8. Ih62 Killed.Perryv'e. Cp. .Wlson. Kv. 

Collar. Henry •■ " " Cp. Nelson. Ky 

Cook, .lob n .S '• '• '• Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Cox. Seymour A " '• " Cp Nelson. Kv 

Creighton. William '• Jan. 7. isrcj Perryville. Ky. Cp. .Nelson. Kv 

Fobes. Ferdinand F " Sep. 3. I,srt3 .Murfr'sbro.Tenn Stone K Cemy. 

Harrison. .Manuel J " Aug. 3. IStM AndersonVe.Ga Anderstinville. 

Grave 4.tW. 
Knight, Hiram T • Oct. 22. I8»j3 Chatta'ga.Tenn. Sec. C. gr. 28.V 

Chattanooga. 
Montgomery. David li. " Oct. 8. I»V.> Killed Perryv'e. Cp. Nelson. Ky. 

Rowe, Albert G " June 16, imH Near Keuesaw Grave 7x2. Mar- 

Mt.. Ga. fella. Ga. 

Scaly. Ksau .\ " Sept. 1. isrtt Niar.Mlanta.Ga 

Talcott. Whitman IS.... ' Dec. 18. isiv.' PerryvlUe. Ky. Cp. Nelson. Ga. 
Thomas. George " Apr. 10. ]t^i SecG. grave 71. 

Stone U Cem'y 

Thurbur. Silas .\ug. 8. \^\ Nashville.Tenn See. D. grave 1. 

Nashv'e. Tenn. 
COMPANY K. 

NAVIK. UA.NK li.Klt \M1KUE. WHERE INTERRED. 

'« 'lay bourne, A. Eddy.. Sergt. May l.i. ls«S Philadelphia. Pa Philadelpia. Pa 
Howard, S. Stephens. .Corp. Oct. ft, IStVl Atlanta, Ga. Marietta. Ga. 

Sec.G. gr Vtt: 

Julius C. Cheney " Sep. 17. I8«3 Nashville.Tenn. Nashville.Tenn 

orrln. Arnold " Oct. 19, I8«:< Stevenson, Ala. Chatta'ga.Tenn 

.\tklns. Levi Private. Dec. '£». I»»VJ t:iasgi>w. Ky Gla.vgow. Ky. 

Halts. Charles F • Dec. I.i. IH«i.' Louisville. Ky Cave H Ceui'y. 

IliNhop. John H.. ■■ Apr. 17, INVJ .Murfr'sbro.Tenn .Sec tl. grave <W. 

.Stone H Ccm'v. 
Maii-s. Charles II Jan. 12, IHrtJl Gallatin. Tenn Na'>hv'e. Tenn 

Fobes. Henry H. Oct. h, ls«VJ Killed. PerrvVe. l"p. Nelson. Kv. 

Fuller. John Aug. ». I«M Kilhtl. Sugeof Marietta. Ga 

Atlanta. .St-c.J.gr 13. 

<;ctty. Frederick I Oct. 8. l.Srt-,' KilUtl.PerryVe. Geneva, O. 

Holden, William I • Nov. 2ti. 1>h12 Munfordve.Ky. Cave H Cemy. 

Ix)ulsville.ky 
HowanI, Wlllliiii: Ocl. 8. 18il2 Killed Perriv'e. Cp \.-Uon Kv. 

Hutchinson. I>a\ Feb. lit. I.-mW Windsor. O 

King. George.. May 2o. inflS .Murfr'sbrw.Tcnn ■-- 

.Smith. Alcxcn.;. (V. «. 18itl Klllwl Perrv \ 

-Webb. Andrew a Dec. IT, l!«2 Dunvlile, K> 



APPENDIX. 



Iv 



TABLE VII. 



Resigned and Discharged. 

COMPANY A. 

NAME. KANK. DATE. REMARKS. 

John D. Jewell Sergt Discharged; Pr. 1st Lieut.27th 

Re<^t. U. S. C. T 

Joseph Torrence Corp. Jan. 7,1863. At Louisville. Ky., for disa- 

bility, wound. 

Ji.hn Clingensmith Wagoner. Feb. 2,1863. Disability, 

Anderson. George S Private. Mar. 20, 1863. 

Conklin, George " May 14, 1863. Disability, from wound. 

Pair, Emanuel " Sep. 30, 1864. Disability. 

Fielding, Charles " Sep. 30, 1863. Disability, from wound. 

Flecker, John " Feb. 8, 1863. Disability. 

Hanify, JohnJ " Apr. 17, 1863. 

Hunter, James '■ Jan. 9, 1864. 

Jones, David D " Feb. 28, 1863. 

Morris, Thomas H " Oct. 30, 1863. 

Nox, James F " Apr. 8,186.3. 

O'Harra, James " Oct. 28,1862. 

Renn, John W '• May 9, 186.5. 

Rees, Richard '■ Jan. 7, 1863. Disability, from wound. 

Robbins, Daniel " Apr. 30, 1863. Disability. 

Stewart, Samuel M " Sep. 10, 1863. 

Tyrrell, Thomas " Feb. 20, 1863. Disability, from wound. 

COriPANY B. 

NAME. KANK. D.\TE. REMARKS. 

Henry D. Niles 2d Lieut. Feb. i2, 1863. Res. on account of ill health 

James M. Dickerman Corp. Oct. 14,1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability- 
Michael E. Hess " Feb. 27, 1863. Gallatin, Tenn., for disability 

George F. Center " Oct. 16, 1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability 

Nerval B. Cobb •' Oct. 14, 1862. 

Daniel Ludwick " Oct. 4, 1862. Columbus, O., for disability. 

Henry E. Finney " June 30, 186.5. Cleveland, O., for disability. 

Geprge W. Granger " Sep. 14, 1863. Louisville, Kv., for disability 

Bell, Edward M Private. Jan. 24,186.5. Disability. 

Card, Joseph " Jan. 31, 1863. 

Center, Heory H " Oct. 14, 1862. '• 

Davis, Marshall " Oct. 8, 1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability 

Downs, Jasper C " May 7, 1863, Disability. 

Hathaway, James W " Mar. 12, 1863. Columbus, O., for disability. 

Kinney, Edwin J '• Oct. 30 1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability 

Kittridge, Isaiah S ' Jan. 6, 1863. Gallatin, Tenn., for disabilty. 

Landon, John J " Nov. 13, 1862. Columbus, O., for disability. 

Lewis, Edwin D " Jan. 3, 1865. Disability, from wound. 

Mahannah, Harvey " Jan. 15, 1863. Columbus, O.. for disability.' 

Pruden, Stephen - Feb. 18. 1863. Disability. 

Sager, Edward W '■ Oct. 8, 1862. Louisville, Ky.. for disability 

Stowe, Harmon W - Oct. 8, 1862. 

Ulrich, Martin W ■ Mar. 10, 1863. Columbus, O., for disability. 

COnPANY c. 

NAME. RANK. DATE. REMARKS. 

Henry P. Gilbert Capt. Jan. 17. 1863. Resigned. 

James H. Bard 1st Lieut. Mar. 12, 1863. Resigned. 

Irvin Butler --'d Lieut. May 8,1863. Res. on account of ill health. 

Austin W. Wilson Sergt. Oct. 24,1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability 

Robert J. Stewart Corp. Oct. 22,1862. 



Ivi 



APPKyOlX. 



Table MI Company C— Continued. 



NAMl:. KA.VK. 1 


.\i 


-, 


James G. Townsend Corp. Mar 


*7 


1^63. 


liluckmore, Saiuuel Pri\ate. Out. 


18. 


l!Si2. 




Feb. 
Apr. 


3. 


iMa. 


Uurvcxs. JuUu 


I c.a. 


Davi.>, Moitjan W 

Estfar. Itciijumio 


Oct. 


a* 


lixii. 


Oct. 


17, 


l.vH. 


Fruzkr. l.-aac 


Feb. 


2. 


IWSJ. 


Frazltr, Jiliu H 


Nov. 


28. 


w^•. 


Fulh-r. Harvey A« 


Oct. 


18. 




Hawlev, Joel 


Nov 
Jan. 


U. 




Hilaii.is.KLulx-n U _ 




Jack. \VilUaui.-„ 


Oct. 


ir>. 


1 - ■:. 




Jan. 
Nov. 


2», 

1. 


INxJ. 


KinK>li'y. Jasper B„ 


lNi2. 


LawrfDcc, Hciirv 


May 


10. 


ir<a. 


MostT, ("harks E 


Nov. 


lU. 


isi-a 


Mo«,er. Philip H 


Feb. 


lU. 


Ib«3. 


Phillip.s. Josiph 


Apr. 


8. 


IMH. 


Powirs, John 


Jan. 


211. 


iMXt. 


Kitharil>. iJavidT 


Oct. 


H, 


INSl. 


Scovilk-. Horace B 


Oct. 


10. 


I.-C2. 


Smith, Thomas 


Feb. 
Dec. 


•_>7 
26! 


INEt 


Stewart. Jum« s A.„ 


IWJ. 


Townsend, Chark-s W... 


Jau. 


H. 


liStSi. 



Columbu.s, O.. for disabilitj". 
Louisville. Ky.. lordisabi iiy 
Uuliaiiii. Teun.. fur disaLiiliiy 
Murfr'sbro, Teuu.. disal'llit\ . 
I^ouisviUe.Ky., lor disability 
Disability. 

Louisville. Ky.. for disability 
'"o'.uu-.buv.O. . for disutility. 

; ;: -..i^iinv 

.■-:1.'.\ 
. , 1 1 \ . 
l."..i-\ ;..' . K \ ., Ii'T oivaUiliiy 
Nashville, Teun., disability. 
t'oiumbus.O.. for disability. 
Murfr'sbro. Tenn., disability. 
Columbus. O., for disability. 
Perryville. Ky.. for ('.:-^.itiiI;:y 
Murfr"sbro. Teun ' 
I.,ouisvilk-. Kv.. !• 
Nashville. Teun. ■ 
Louisville, Ky., for <i.^;ib:, ■ y 
Gallatin. Temi., for disability 

Camp DennisoD.O., disability 



COnPANY D. 



NAME. KA.NK. UATK. 

Georu'c L. Kiker Capt. Sep. 23, IWH. 

Alonzo Chubb 2tl Lieut. Oct. 19. InB. 

Edward P. YounK Serpt. July 1. 1n«'>1. 

Clinton A. Nolan Corp. Oct. U, i" : 

Harvey E. Cl.irk '• May 2x, - 

CieorKe W. Jewell. „ " Sep. M. 

Hendrlck E. Paine Musician. Feb. 2«5. ;- 

Michael Ward Wajfoner. June 26. Ijnoo. 

Allen, Henry D Private. Oct. 21.1)»2. 

Allen. Nathan W_.._ Mav 12. 1K63. 

Baker, Edwin N " Jan. 20. 1863. 

Barker. Frank M IVI. 23, \X\:. 

liariiard. Philo.„ Mar. Jy. INvi. 

liently, Murray J Oct. 21.1^»i2. 

Blakely. Harlow .Mar. I", IMW. 

Brooks. Samuel .May 16. 1S6.V 

Carpetiti-r, Thomas W._ Mar. 12, IWhJ. 

Chesuey. Samuel P„ •• Apr. Zi. !»«». 

Dan. WlUiaOjil *' Oct. 21. lw>2. 

..■•»ell. Isaac __ " tVt. 13. 1S«>2. 

i;at« .. Levi H " Oct. 2^. 1862. 

Hall. Eawlu ■• Oct. 18. 1862. 

Hlckst.n, i;eorKe " Jan. Iti. 18«B. 

McVltty. Joseph.- " Dec. 26. I8«t2. 

.Nash, Harrison " Dec. 2, 1862. 

Pelton. Wot.son •• Dec. ». 1862. 

PhllbrtH.k. Charles H.... •* Apr. 6. 18»«. 

KiH-kufellow. Oscar H., '• Jan. 6. 18t«. 

Sa*f<r. Harvey C • Sop. 2. 1863. 

Sprlinf. Charles B..- Mar. 11.1863. 

Turner. Charles .. Nov. 17, ls62. 

T*nner. Horvev . . Mar. 2v. iwa. 

I'pton. William K Julj- 2i'. 1863. 

WarrcD, Albert C OcU >T. 18ft:. 



KKM.^KKS. 

Res. on accoun: c f wound and 
111 health. 

Dis. to accept promotion. 
I.< >. -ville.Ky.. for di.sability 

'■ro, Teun., disability". 

,ty. 

:i. Tenn.. disability. 
(. uitii> ix-unisou. O., disability 

from wound. 
Louisville. Ky., for disability. 

Louisville. Ky.. for disability 

from wound. 
Louisville. Ky.. for disability. 
Uls. by onler of War Depart. 
Louisville. Ky.. fordisubllity. 
Dis. for disability from wound 

Columbus. O.. for disability. 
Dis. fordlsability from wound 
Louisville. Ky.. foraitiabilltv. 



Columbus, O.. for disability. 
l»is. for disability from wound 
Louisville. Ky., for disability 
fn>m wound. 

Columlius. O.. fur disability, 
tiallatin. Tenn., for uisablliiy 
Louisvule. Ky . fordlsability 
(.'olumbus, ("».. for di.sability 

fn>m wound. 
Louisville Ky . fordlsabljlty 
Ihsahiliiv 

Nashv'c.Tenn.. for (]|fMiblH< ; 
Louisville. Ky.. (or dlMbtllty 



APPENDIX. 



Ivii 



Table VII— Continued, Company E. 



NAME. RANK. DATE. 

Byron W. Canfleld Capl. Jan. 29, 1863. 

Patlen, Himiod " M.iy 5, 1865. 

William H. Ciarli 1st Lieut. May 15, 1863. 

William H. Castle '• Jan. 10,1865. 

John A. Osborn 2d Lieut. Jan. 19,1863. 

Julius A. Moffatt •' Aug. 13, 1863. 

John C. Hathaway 1st Serg. Jan. 11,1863. 

La Royal Taylor ■■ May 16, 1863. 

Edward Patchin Sergt. Dec. 29,1862. 

Miles J. Whitney Corp. Mar. 11, 1863. 

Philo Boughton " Mar. 27, 1863. 

LumanUriste " Feb. 21, 18t>l. 

Button, Justin Private. Jan. 29, 1863. 

Case, Gideon •• Jan. 1,1863. 

Fowler, Justin '• Oct. 10, 1862. 

Frazier. Calvin ■ May 18, 1863. 

Hathaway. Gilbert B •• Oct. 25, 1862. 

Hayden, Eugene •■ Jan. 13, 1863. 

Hilbert, Percival - Mar. 6, 1865. 

Hitt, Oliver ■■ Dec. 19, 1862. 

King, John Harvey. " 

Ladow. Henry " Mar. 2,1863. 

Latimer, Olney P " Mar. 7, 1865. 

Phillips, Robert " Dec. 29, 1862. 

Pugsley, John " Mar. 2, 1863. 

Slade, Sherman C '■ Sep. 10,1863. 

Stocking, Charles H '• Jan. 31,1863. 

Strong, Elmer " Feb. 15, 186;^. 

Turner, William '■ Apr. 26, 1863. 

Watrous, Samuel N " Jan. 14, 1863. 

Webb, Ezra " Nov. 24, 1862. 



Resigned. 



Dismissed. 

Res. on account of ill health. 

Nashv'e, Tenn., for disability 
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability. 
Cincinnati,©., uisabilily from 

wound. 
Dis. to enlist in Mississippi 

Marine Brigade. 
Cincinnati, O., for disability. 
Dis. for disability from wound 
Louisville, Ky., for dijabiiity 
Dis. to enlist in Mississippi 

Marine Brigade. 
Louisville, Ky., for disability 



Dis. to enlist in Mississippi 

Marine Brigade. 
Cleveland, O., for disability. 
Louisville. Ky., for disability 

from wound. 
Louisville, Ky., for disability 
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability. 
Dis. for disability from wound 
Cincinnati, O., for disability. 
Murfr'sbro, Tenn., disability. 
Loui-sville, Ky., for disability 
Cincinnati, O., for disability. 
Perry ville, Ky., disability. 
Quincy, 111., for disability. 
Louisville, Ky., for disability 



COMPANY F. 



NAME. KANK. DATE. 

Sherburn H. Williams...Capt. Jan. 13, 1863. 

Lester D. Burbank 2d Lieut. Feb. 20, 1863. 

Michael Cooney Corp. Mar. 7,1863. 

George L Squeir " Oct. 28, 1862. 

Daniel F. Hopkins Musician. Oct. 27, 1862. 

Ara. B. Drake Wagoner. Oct. 20, 1862. 

Auxer, Stephen D Pr.vate. Mar. 17, 1863. 

Branch, Edward P " Dec. 13, 1862. 

Brown, Arthur L " Oct. 18,1862. 

Button, Jared '• Oct. 21,1862. 

Colgrove, Melvin J " Oct. 4,1862. 

Cooley, Levi •' Oct. 28, 1862. 

Crawford, Emery " Mar. 18, 1865. 

Hausch, John " Jan. 27, 1863. 

Holmes, Hiram A " Oct. 11,1862. 

Kelsey, Arthur " Apr. 20, 1863. 

Keyes, Anson " Sep. 26, 1862. 

McElwain, Edwin W " Jan. 31,1863. 

Morton, Henry " Nov. 30, 1863. 

Morse, John H " July 20, 1863. 

Parks, John " Oct. 8,1862. 

Phelps, Franklin W " May 18, 1863. 

Phillips, Albert " Feb. 3,1863. 

Prouiy, Royal " June 29, 1863. 

Randall, James G " May 24, 1865. 

Richmond, William " Jan, 31, 1863. 

Slayton, William T " Oct. 8, 1862. 

Smith, Marsh, Jr. " Oct. 24, 1862. 



REMARKS. 

Resigned. 

Res. on acccount of ill health 

Disability, 



Loui.sville, Ky., for disability 
Disability. 



Gallatin, Tenn., for disability 

Disability. 

Columbus, O., for disability. 

Disability. 

Louisville, Ky., for disability. 

Disability. 



Louisville, Ky.,for disability. 
Disability. 



AJ'I'EXDJX 



Table Nil Company F Continued. 



Sober. Austin Private. 

Sob. :■ H-:.rs M 

.^ • s L 

S uin F 

T . n 

Ywut.i,', Uuajdmin 



iiAit. HKUAHKS. 

Jau. 31.1863. rxtuisville. K.v.. for dlMbllitv 
«)ci. 28. Mi&i. Disability. 
(X-t. h. l8fl-.>. 

.\pr. 16. IW53. Columbus. O.. for diwbillty. 
.\UB. U. It»«i. 

.May 25. I*»«5. Willetls* P-lni. N V. Harbor. 
(or diitubility. 



COMPANY (i. 



NAME. KA.VK. t 

William S. Crowell Cupi. Awe. 

Albion W. Tour:.'i-e 1st Lieut. !)■ 

Wilimi M r.r.iiii.ia SerKl. .\ 

H'!i,;ui.iu 1". C''.i>lim(f " J 

(iioi-c I'. I'elcb •' .^1 |.- 

Orison L. Marsh Corp. June 

Norris I... Clasre " Feb. 

OrlaiitloC flarU - Oct. 

D:tnii-l II. H. \Vli<aton... " Dec. 

C'hark's W. HulUr •• May 

An^l(•^^oM. Charles \V ....Private. Apr. 

|{aih«-lor, .lolm W '• Oct. 

r.looil. Jdtiii C •• Mar. 

CanllcKI. Uiirrou>.'hs '• Oct. 

Galbraiih, Elbcri P • Oct. 

GltTonl. Harley X '• Sep. 

Hall, .\aroii - Apr. 

H. a: h. Luther F " Apr. 

I.kIkI. 11. Uutlley ■• 

McCreary. Harrison '• Apr. 

Merrill. KItphakt '" Apr. 

NewlKje. E»li;ar " tV. 

Northway. Sherman " l>ec. 

Noves, John P " <>i't. 

Parker. William H -May 

Rojrers. William " Jan. 

Howe. Francis A " Ot. 

ShcplK' I'll. Horace '" Oci. 

.*-ill. .lohn S •• Julv 

Wait-rmun. William A... " Mav 

Whipple. Perry. M "■ 



2 IWW. Res. on account of ill health. 
•• '-■■' iJisabiliiy from wound 



■iliiy. 



3. |s»v» Columbus. O.. for disubilitv. 
2L ImV». Louisville. Ky . lor disabiliiv 
13. isi-.i 
111. iw.> 
I'V '-■' "■•■■' ■•'• " ;•■ ■ ;'-..■-• 



I Kl£{. 

ix»;-.'. 

IHrt-.». 

IHrt-i 

1865. 

IWl. 
IW.'. 

|H«1.' 

is<'>:i. 

IMvl 



Louisville, Ky., fordisab^l t- 



Cleveland. O. Order of W, 

Depi. 
Gallatin. Tenn . • 
Columbus. O.. U>. 
I.,ouisville. Ky., Ri' u^-.m.. > 

Murfr'slioro.Tenn .disabiiiy 
Louisville. Ky . lor \voun«ls. 



co'ii'ANN n. 



NAMK KA.VK. KATK. 

FloreiiiliK- M. Simon ....-Serjrl-- Jan. I. 1861 

Horiiiec. I<>i»;k:les Cwrp. Oct. 1^. INIJ 

Henrv \< Mver • May \>. |s«3 

David HricUer Wotfoner, Feb. -"U. I8«3 

Benneu Thomas Private. Sep. ». I»«3 

MoNle «;.c.r».'e V •• tK-t. a«. IM63 

K.rUi<rld.- Joseph " <K-t. 16. IWt'. 

Mathers James T *• Jan. 1.', IMtt 

Miller. Addison " Jan 23. l'^'' 

Myem. Jonaiban *• Jnn Ii,l>At 

W»i»on AleianderT... " s^-p ».'. itAl 

Yodrr Krra *Vt 5". It*.' 



MllMAHKs. 

i K v . f r n.iiitaU. 

Ky . lor iliHiili Illy 
.• Tenn »l suDijuy 
.Na-!i\ ,c. Tenn. by order 

War Dvpmrtment. 
Louisville. Ky . forrt sab iiy 



Gallailn, Tenn., fordlNabiliiy 
< ioshen. t) . for wounds 
Louisviile. Ky , for wounds 
Camp DrnnlsoD.O .diHati.lny 
I^ularlllr. Ky for dlsatnlity 



APPENBTX. 



lix 



Table VII— Continued, Company I. 



NAME. KANK. 

Henry C. Sweet Capt. 

Charle.s A. Brigden Isl Lieut. 

Collins E. Bu.shnell 1st berg. 

Albert H. Smitb Serg. 

Robert N. Holcomb Corp. 

Philip Reynolds 

William E. Guild Music'n. 

ISiidgman. Thomas Private. 

Caldwell, William S 

Frisby. Augustus B " 

Hatldock, John " 

Maine, William J 

Hake, Samuel 

Heath, Mile G 

Holcomb. Mark H 

Lattimer, Chauncey M... 

Leonard, Horace A '" 

Lyman, George W 

Steele, Calvin F " 

Sperry, Henry H " 

Tuttle, Hanson '• 

Webb, Henry 

Wilcox. Daniel E 

Windram, Robert 



May J 2, 
Jan." 21, 
May 9, 
Nov. 1, 
Mar. 5, 
May 30, 
Mar. 25, 
Jan. 9, 
Jan. 27, 
Feb. 2.5. 
Feb. 20. 
Nov. 5, 



Dec. 28. 

May I, 

Oct. 9, 

Oct. 1.5, 

Jan. 6 

July 15. 

July 14 

July 20. 

Oct. 15. 

Feb. 9. 

Dec. 30 

May 26 



E. KEMAKKS. 

1863. .Dismissed. Re-enlis"d in Navy 
1S63. Res. on account of ill healiu. 

1863. Murfr'sboro. Teiui.. disability 
1862. Louisville. Ky.. for disability 

1862. Bardsiovvn, Ky. disability. 

1864. Dis., for wound.' 

1863. Murfr'sboro. Tenn., disability 
1863. Camp Deniiison,0., disability. 
1863. Gallatin, Tenn., for disability. 
1863. Perryville, Ky., for wound. 

1863. New Albany, Ind., disability. 

1864. Pr. U. S C. T. Dis. as 1st 

Lieut., Mar. 2, 1865. 
1863. Camp Dennison, O.. wound. 
1863. Camp Dennison, O., disability 

1862. Louisville, Ky., for disability 
1862. 

1865. Murfr'sboro. Tenn.. disability 

1863. Louisville, Ky.. for disaLiilily 

1864. Order Sec. of War. 

1863. Louisville, Ky., for disability 

1862. 

1863. " wound. 

1862. ■' disability. 

1865. Cleveland, O., for disability. 



COMPANY K. 



NAME. 

Edward V. Bowers 

Austin Adams 

Charles H. Harris 

Alanson Gary 

Alba B. Martin 


RANK. 

..Capt. 

..Sergt. 

..Corp. 

..Musician 

..Wagoner 
..Private. 


DA'I 

Dec. 22. 
Oct. 14. 
Nov. 24, 
Oct. 13, 
Nov. 19, 

. May 3, 
Oct. 24. 

. Nov. 10, 
Jan. 17. 
Mar. 27, 
Oct. 9, 
June 29, 
Jan. 3, 
Jan. 14, 
Mar. 29. 
Jan. 27, 
Apr. I, 
Sep. 14, 
Dec. 17, 
Jan. 13, 
May 26, 
Dec. 2, 
Oct. 28, 
Dec. 28, 
Dec. 13, 
Sep. 16, 
May 30, 
Mar. 2.5, 
Oct. 16, 
Oct. 20, 
Nov. 19, 
Feb. 8, 
May 17. 
Jan. 27, 
Nov 14, 
Aug. 12. 


'E. 

1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1862. 
1863. 


Lewis Price 


1863. 
I.S62. 


Lewis H. Roberts 


1862. 
1863. 


Barnard. Francis N 

Blakeslee, James E 

Bliss, Charles H 

Brett. Thomas 

Burlingame, Edwin R.. 
Cobb. David G 


1863. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863 


Dutell, Julius 


1863. 


Early, Elbridge F 


1863. 


Fales, Lewis C 

Ferguson, Charles A 


1863. 
1862. 
1863. 


Gary, David 

Hanna. Lyman P 


1865, 
1862. 
1862. 


Hicock, Clay 

Hill,Clency E 

Humphrey, Marcus W. 
Hutchinson. Arthur G.. 

Johnson. George W 

Olrastead. Selden 

Powers. William H 

Rasev. Charles 


1862. 
1862. 
1863. 
1863. 
1863. 
1862. 
186-2. 
1862. 




1863. 


Shaw, Henry 

Smith. Wilson W 

Williams. Thales F 

Wright. William W 


1863. 
1863. 
1863. 

1863. 



REMARKS 

Resigned. 

Louisville, Ky., disability. 
Dis. to accept promo'lon. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 

Murfr'sboro, Tenn., disability 
Columbus, C, disability. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 
Gallatin. Tenn., disability. 
Cincinnati, O., disability. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 
Nashville, Tenn., disability. 
Columbus, C, disability. 
Louisville, Ky.. disability. 
Cincinnati, O., disability. 
Gallatin, Tenn., disability. 
Columbus, O.. disability. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 
Columbus, O., disability. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 



Gallatin, Tenn., disability. 
Louisville, Ky., disability. 
Nashville, Tenn., disability. 
Murfr'sboro, Tenn.. disability 
Columbus. O., disability. 
Louisville. Ky., disability. 



Murfr'sboro, Tenn.. disability 

Gallatin. Tenn . disability. 
Chattanooga. Tenn.. disability 
Cp. Dennison. O. Order Wa^ 
Department. 



Ix APPt'MJiX. 



TABLE Vni. 

Missing: and Absent Wiihitut Leave. 



COIPANV A. 

NAME. KA.NK. Ut-MARKs 

EUmODils. Uuvicl Private-. See III. 

Hulburt. Frank •• See 111. 

Sparrow. Kmmons •' See 111. '• Mis.siag." 

Williams, KicUard.™ 



COiMF\\NV B. 

NAMC. KANK XKMAUtiS. 

Hcfbe. llt-nry I Private. .Sec 111. 

PhilUps, Dwlght H •• See III "Missing." 



CO.MPA.NV C. 

NAMK. KA.NK UK.MAKKS. 

McKeiizie. James R Private. .See 111. 

ManwuriuK'. Mor».'aii .. 

Kichards. William T. . 

KoblQson. Thomas - .See III 



Cd.TPANN I). 

NAME. KANK. KKMAUKs. 

Edwin N. Uuittuii Corporal. 

Alderman. N'leior Private. 

Forv'iis, .Melaiictbon L... 

Hopkins. Floyil 

Morrison. John 

Pierce. (Jeoru'e K.. ^'ell. ••Missiuif." 

Randall. Waller >. e li. ••.Missing." 

Kavmond. Alfred 





COni'ANV E. 


SAMK. 


KANK. KK.MAKKS 


Wehb. Sylvester 


l'nv.lte See II 



CU.nPANV F. 

.NAMK. KANK. KFMAKK^. 

Oraiii'er Fr.inUlln Pruale 

Malxiie. Sydney U_ 

Marsh, Hrnrv ' Se«> 1 1 1. '• .MIssIok 

TanLer, Henry H . 



APPENDIX. ixi 



Table Mil — Continued, Company Q, 

NAME. BANK. REMARKS. 

Jerome B. Hawkins Musician. 

Abbott, Solon M Private. See III. 

Devoe, William P " See III. 



COMPANY H. 

NAME. RANK. REMARKS. 

Hutton, Henry Private. See III. 

Musser, Hazard " "Missing.'' Perryville, Ky. 



COnPANY I. 

NAME. RANK. REMARKS. 

Beckwith, Ira W Private. 

Lyman, John W 

Mclntyre. John F " Sent to hospital. •■ Sick." Apr. 10, 18fi:i. 

Merritt, Milan H 



COnPANY K. 

NAME. RANK. REMARKS. 

Hall, Frederick W Private. 

Laskey, Matthew 

Shepherd, Lorin " 

Taylor, Francis A " 



Ixii 



APl'KXDIX. 



TABLE IX. 

Previous Service. 



Name. Rank. 

Aixlrews, Klnier H ... Private. 
Hr.MU-n. Andrt'w \i .... 

Hiit-'p. Wilford A 

Crowull. William S... 

do do 1st Lieut. 

r-iu!. ri'l. r. .Icliii K Private. 

■ s t;.. 

I It l>t Lieut. 

I'ljibi-. William H Private. 

(;e<l(les. John 

Huniistuii. John !•" Musioian. 

Hawkin.s. Jerome 15... Private. 

Hale. William H 

Hall. AltH-n S Lieut. Col 

Himrod. Patten Private. 

Jeiiniujrs, Warrt-n 

Jtmes. James L 

Ji)hnson. William H... 

Kelsey. Arthur '" 

Lewis. Evau 

L.Hlwick. Dani I 

.Ma-Min. .-ViiitTose C 

.Merrill, Aaron „. '• 

Palirumaii.K'lwanl S 

Patcliin.Kilward Corjoral, 

Perkins. .\n<lre\v Private. 

Priee. John Musician. 

Prii-e. Lewis Musician. 

Perkins, Ui^jrire T J"! Lieut. 

Hawdon, Calvin Private. 

Kobbins. .Vuibrose M.. 

See. Hichanl J 

Stanibauj-'li. Daniel B 

."scalon. Lafayette 

Sweet. Hinry C 

Sweet. Jesse M 

Turney. Jacob 

Thomi>son. Wilbur F 

Tucker. Uenii 1) 

Turnbull. John Hos. Sfd 

Tourgee, Albion W Serffcant. 

Tolles. William R Captain. 

Wakelee, Oscar R Private. 

Whitney. Miles J 

Williams. John S 

• lo do 

Watson, Porter 



WHEItE. 

Co.C. 19lhO. V. L 



Served. 
3 months • 



Hemauks 



Co. F. 
Co. D. 
Co. A, 
Co. U, 
Co. 1. 
Co. H. 
Co. C, 
Co. C. 
Co. !J, 
Hand. 
Co. C, 
C<». F, 

Co. A, 

Co. D. 

Co, F. 
Co. C. 
Co, H. 
Co. B. 
Co. C. 
Co. C. 
Co. F. 
Co. L 
Hand. 
Hand, 
Co. H, 

Co. B 
Co. B 
Co. H 
Co. C, 
2d 0\\ 
Co. I. 
Co. C 
Co. I) 
Co. F 

Co. E. 



19th O. V. I. 

19th O. V. I. 

29th O. V. 1. 

7th O. V. 1. 

19th O. V. 1. 

I9thO. V. I. 

2M\ (). V. I. 

19tliO. V. I. 

19th O. V. I. 

7th O. V. I. 

191 hO. V. I. 

19th O. V. I. 

24th O. V. I 
2d U. S. 1. 

3d U. S. A, 

, 19th O. V. I 

Pa. Vols 

IttMhO. V.L 

19th O. V. I. 

7th O. V. I. 

19th O.V. I. 

19th O. V. I. 

19lh O. V. 1. 

19tli O. V. I. 

19th O, V. L 

29th O. V. I. 

29th t). V. I 
. lUihC). V. I. 
1st Pa. Vols. 

19lh O. V. \. 

19th O. V. I. 

19th O. V. I. 

191 hO. V. L 
io Ind. Art'y. 
19th (>. V I. 
. 19th O. V. \. 
. 19th O.V. I. 

19th O. V. I 

17th O. V. I. 

27ih N.V.I. 



8 mouths Dis April 13, "6* 
3 months * 



7 months Dis. Jan. 9. '82 
3 months • 

* 

12 mo's. M.o— Sp'I. Ord. 
3 months * 

• 

14 mo's. Pr. to 106th 
2 years Pr. to l(fith. 
.'» years Itm to 1W9. 
3 months • 

8 months Dis. Apl 20, '63 

3 mouths » 



II mo's. 
II mo.s. 
3 months 
2 years 

2 months 

3 months 



12 mo's. 
3 months 



M.o— Sp'I. Ord. 
M.o— Sp'I. Ord. 

* 

Mexican War. 
Dis. July 5. '62 



Dis. July 5. in 



Co. H. 41st O. V. I. 
Co. D. 7th O. V. I. 
Co. F. 19lh O. V I. 
Co. H. 7th O.V. L 
Co. H. 7th O. V. I. 
Co I Tth O. N I. 



4 months Dis. for wound, 
Aug. 26. 1861. 
Pr.L.Col.lOaa 



1 year 
3 month 



2 months 
11 mo's. 



Dischanred. 
Dis-O W. D't. 



• Mustered out with He).'lment. 



APPENDIX. Ixiii 



TABLE X. 

Color Guard— Imperfect. 

loSth Color Sergeant and Guards. 

John Geddes, Sergeant, Company C. 
John B. Ramsdell, Corporal, Company B. 
Charlbs. B. Hayes, Corporal, Company I. 
Evan Richatjds, Corporal, Company E. 
John E. Watrods. Corporal. Company K. 



Ixiv 



APPENDIX. 



TABLE XI. 

Summary and Recapitulation of the lfl5th 
Ohio Volunteer Infantrv. 



Original Muster. 



KECRI'ITS. 



Table VI. 



Co. A 
Co. B 
Co. C 
Co. D 
Co. E 
Co. F. 
Co. G. 
Co. H 
Co. I 
Co. K 



w —si 



96 99' 

97 100 

98 101 
98 101 
98 101 
97i 100 
98 101 



.. 25 12-1 

.. 11 111 

.. 9 110 

.. 6 107 

.. 2 103 

.. 15 115 

1 9 111 

.. 4 IDS 

.. 4 lir> 

.. •! lull 






5 <^ 



2 1 

31; 22 33 3 
2 
3 
7 
5 



19 17' 1- 

24 17 16 

29 10 16 

29 15 8 

27 20 23 

27 15 17 

19 25 II 

35 19 13 

16 16 9 






ga I 9 

f ■ • 



7 3 

8 6 
2 3 



6 



2 9 
3, 4 

?!; 

4 5 



301973 1012 3 84 1069 258 177 163 38 ,62 50 KfilO S 229 378 36 355 



2... 26 

1 ... 2y 

1 ... 14 

1 ... Jti 

1 ... -.'7 

2 2 -.'4 



2^5 

o T £ 



5 ... 4 

19 4 3^ 

23 2 3" 
29 4 4^ 
34 8 2'- 
31 1 3I 
:m 4 2S 
31 3 28 
12 2 58 

24 4 33 
36 4 30 



Original enlistment 1.012 

Recrulu 87 

l.uw< 

Wounded ■2.'i8 

Captured 177 



Transferred 163 

Absi-nt. sick. etc.... 38 

Kill.-<1 luul lUetl 22k< 

RfsiKUd ami IMsd 278 

Mls.-ln*: 36 

» Original 

MuMl'U out with R't 355 1 Recruits.-... 

LOW 



C* RD 



»3 



Messrs. HENRY T. COATES & CO., 

Have pleasure to announce they have published a 
mezzotint engraving of Major General George H. 
Thomas 

The plate is 14x18 inches ; engraved surface, llxHi 
inches, and will be printed on paper 22x26 inches in 
size. An edition of one hundred signed artist's 
remarque proofs will be issued and plate destroyed. 

The name and fame of General Thomas are insepar- 
ably associated with the Army of the Cumberland, of 
which he was the last Commander, and the badge of the 
Society of that Army will be the remarque upon the 
margin of the plate. 

The subscription price is twenty dollars per copy. 



Henry T. Coates & Co., 

1326 Chestnut Street. - PHILADELPHIA. 



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